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CAS No. :	487-39-8
Formula :	C₂₁H₂₄O₆
M.W :	372.41
SMILES Code :	OC1=CC=C([C@H]2OC[C@@]3([H])[C@]2([H])CO[C@H]3C4=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C4)C=C1OC
Synonyms :	(+)-Phillygenin; Epipinoresinol methyl ether; Sylvatesmin
MDL No. :	MFCD01075148
InChI Key :	CPJKKWDCUOOTEW-YJPXFSGGSA-N
Pubchem ID :	3083590

GHS Pictogram:
Signal Word:	Warning
Hazard Statements:	H302-H315-H319-H335
Precautionary Statements:	P261-P305+P351+P338

Rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals (synaptosomes)	5-30 µM	10 minutes	Phillygenin suppressed 4-AP-induced glutamate release in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 17 µM.	Biomedicines. 2024 Feb 22;12(3):495
HEK 293T cells	20 and 40 µM	24 hours	PHI significantly promoted TGR5 activation (Fig. 7H) and elevated intracellular cAMP levels in HEK 293T cells (Fig. 7I).	J Pharm Anal. 2025 Jan;15(1):101042
NCM460 cells	20 and 40 µM	24 hours	PHI treatment enhanced the expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, E-cadherin, and occludin) and suppressed fibrosis markers (N-cadherin, α-SMA, and MMP9) and apoptosis marker (cleaved caspase-3).	J Pharm Anal. 2025 Jan;15(1):101042
VSC4.1 cells	0, 25, 50, 100 μg/mL	24 hours	To evaluate the effect of PHI on VSC4.1 neuronal cell apoptosis. Results showed that PHI pretreatment partially mitigated the morphological changes induced by LPS-activated microglia and significantly increased the expression of Bcl-xL protein.	J Orthop Translat. 2024 Aug 8;48:133-145
BV2 cells	0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 μg/mL	24 hours	To evaluate the effect of PHI on BV2 cell viability. Results showed that PHI did not exert significant toxic effects on microglia at concentrations below 100 μg/mL.	J Orthop Translat. 2024 Aug 8;48:133-145
Primary murine chondrocytes	5, 10, 20, 40 µM	24 hours	To evaluate the effect of PHI on IL-1β-induced inflammation and ECM degradation. Results showed PHI dose-dependently suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines (iNOS, COX-2, IL-6, TNF-α) and reduced ECM degradation (inhibited MMP-13 and ADAMTS5, increased Collagen II and Aggrecan).	J Orthop Translat. 2023 May 4;41:1-11
Gastric cancer cell BGC823	100 µg/ml	24 hours	Evaluate the toxicity of Phillygenin on gastric cancer cells	Front Microbiol. 2022 Apr 28;13:863624
Gastric epithelial cell (GES)-1	100 µg/ml	24 hours	Evaluate the toxicity of Phillygenin on gastric epithelial cells	Front Microbiol. 2022 Apr 28;13:863624
BGC823	100 μg/mL	24 hours	To detect the cytotoxicity of PHI-Der on BGC823 cells, results showed survival rates above 90% at 100 μg/mL concentration.	Front Microbiol. 2023 May 19;14:1071603
GES-1	100 μg/mL	24 hours	To detect the cytotoxicity of PHI-Der on GES-1 cells, results showed survival rates above 90% at 100 μg/mL concentration.	Front Microbiol. 2023 May 19;14:1071603
BEAS-2B cells	12.5, 25 and 50 µg/ml	24 hours	To evaluate the effect of PHI on LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis in BEAS-2B cells. Results showed that PHI treatment suppressed LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis.	Mol Med Rep. 2021 Nov;24(5):775
Rat hepatocytes	193.0 ± 47.6 µM	8 hours	Inhibited IL-1β-induced NO production and reduced iNOS mRNA and proinflammatory gene (e.g., Tnf and Il1r1) mRNA levels	Molecules. 2025 Jan 19;30(2):416

C57BL/6J mice	Carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis model	Intragastric administration	10, 20, 40 mg/kg	Once daily for 4 weeks	Improved liver histopathological injury, abnormal liver function, collagen deposition, inflammation and fibrosis	Front Pharmacol. 2021 Sep 21;12:756924
SD rats	Normal healthy rats	Oral	100 mg/kg	Single dose	To evaluate the oral bioavailability of PG-SMEDDS, the results showed that PG-SMEDDS significantly improved the absorption and bioavailability of PG (relative bioavailability was 587.77%).	Pharmaceutics. 2020 Feb 3;12(2):130
C57BL/6 mice	DMM-induced osteoarthritis model	Intragastric administration	20 mg/kg/d	Once daily for 8 weeks	To assess the protective effect of PHI on OA progression in DMM model. Results demonstrated PHI significantly improved cartilage erosion and proteoglycan loss, reduced OARSI scores, and alleviated OA progression via activating Nrf2 and inhibiting NF-κB pathway.	J Orthop Translat. 2023 May 4;41:1-11
C57BL/6J mice	DSS-induced chronic colitis	Oral	25, 50, and 100 mg/kg	Once daily for 30 days	PHI treatment significantly alleviated the symptoms of chronic colitis in mice, including body weight loss, disease activity index scores, colon shortening, splenomegaly, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response. PHI treatment also ameliorated the reduction of tight junction proteins, fibrosis, apoptosis, and intestinal stem cell activity.	J Pharm Anal. 2025 Jan;15(1):101042
C57BL/6 mice	Acute gastritis mouse model	Intragastric administration	28 mg/kg and 7 mg/kg	Once a day for 3 consecutive days	Evaluate the antibacterial effect of Phillygenin in vivo	Front Microbiol. 2022 Apr 28;13:863624
C57BL/6 mice	Acute gastritis model	Oral	28 mg/kg and 7 mg/kg	Once daily for 3 consecutive days	To evaluate the in vivo therapeutic effect of PHI-Der on H. pylori infection, results showed that PHI-Der significantly inhibited the colonization of H. pylori, reduced the inflammatory response, and promoted the repair of inflammatory damage.	Front Microbiol. 2023 May 19;14:1071603
Sprague-Dawley rats	Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) model	Intraperitoneal injection	30 mg/kg	Single dose, lasting 12 hours	To investigate the mechanism by which PHI rescues impaired autophagy flux by modulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in SAP rats. Results showed reduced serum amylase and lipase levels, decreased pancreatic pathology scores, and improved autophagy-related protein expression after PHI intervention.	Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2024 Jan-Dec;38:3946320241309260
Sprague Dawley rats	Spinal cord injury model	Intraperitoneal injection	50 mg/kg	Immediately after injury, continued for 7 days	To evaluate the effect of PHI on inflammatory response, neuronal apoptosis, axonal regeneration, and motor function recovery after spinal cord injury. Results showed that PHI significantly inhibited the inflammatory response and neuronal apoptosis, promoted axonal regeneration, and improved motor function recovery.	J Orthop Translat. 2024 Aug 8;48:133-145
C57BL/6 mice	DSS-induced acute ulcerative colitis	Oral	60 and 20 mg/kg	Throughout the whole experiment	PHI was able to maintain body weight, reduce DAI and mortality, restore the intestinal mucosal barrier, and inhibit cytokine secretion. PHI reduces macrophage infiltration into colon tissue.	Immun Inflamm Dis. 2023 Nov;11(11):e1069

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CAS No.: 487-39-8

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CAS No.: 487-39-8

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Precautionary Statements-General
Code	Phrase
P101	If medical advice is needed,have product container or label at hand.
P102	Keep out of reach of children.
P103	Read label before use
Prevention
Code	Phrase
P201	Obtain special instructions before use.
P202	Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.
P210	Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. - No smoking.
P211	Do not spray on an open flame or other ignition source.
P220	Keep/Store away from clothing/combustible materials.
P221	Take any precaution to avoid mixing with combustibles
P222	Do not allow contact with air.
P223	Keep away from any possible contact with water, because of violent reaction and possible flash fire.
P230	Keep wetted
P231	Handle under inert gas.
P232	Protect from moisture.
P233	Keep container tightly closed.
P234	Keep only in original container.
P235	Keep cool
P240	Ground/bond container and receiving equipment.
P241	Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/equipment.
P242	Use only non-sparking tools.
P243	Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
P244	Keep reduction valves free from grease and oil.
P250	Do not subject to grinding/shock/friction.
P251	Pressurized container: Do not pierce or burn, even after use.
P260	Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P261	Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P262	Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing.
P263	Avoid contact during pregnancy/while nursing.
P264	Wash hands thoroughly after handling.
P265	Wash skin thouroughly after handling.
P270	Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P271	Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
P272	Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.
P273	Avoid release to the environment.
P280	Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P281	Use personal protective equipment as required.
P282	Wear cold insulating gloves/face shield/eye protection.
P283	Wear fire/flame resistant/retardant clothing.
P284	Wear respiratory protection.
P285	In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection.
P231 + P232	Handle under inert gas. Protect from moisture.
P235 + P410	Keep cool. Protect from sunlight.
Response
Code	Phrase
P301	IF SWALLOWED:
P304	IF INHALED:
P305	IF IN EYES:
P306	IF ON CLOTHING:
P307	IF exposed:
P308	IF exposed or concerned:
P309	IF exposed or if you feel unwell:
P310	Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P311	Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P312	Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.
P313	Get medical advice/attention.
P314	Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell.
P315	Get immediate medical advice/attention.
P320
P302 + P352	IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water.
P321
P322
P330	Rinse mouth.
P331	Do NOT induce vomiting.
P332	IF SKIN irritation occurs:
P333	If skin irritation or rash occurs:
P334	Immerse in cool water/wrap n wet bandages.
P335	Brush off loose particles from skin.
P336	Thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water. Do not rub affected area.
P337	If eye irritation persists:
P338	Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P340	Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P341	If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P342	If experiencing respiratory symptoms:
P350	Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.
P351	Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
P352	Wash with plenty of soap and water.
P353	Rinse skin with water/shower.
P360	Rinse immediately contaminated clothing and skin with plenty of water before removing clothes.
P361	Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
P362	Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.
P363	Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
P370	In case of fire:
P371	In case of major fire and large quantities:
P372	Explosion risk in case of fire.
P373	DO NOT fight fire when fire reaches explosives.
P374	Fight fire with normal precautions from a reasonable distance.
P376	Stop leak if safe to do so. Oxidising gases (section 2.4) 1
P377	Leaking gas fire: Do not extinguish, unless leak can be stopped safely.
P378
P380	Evacuate area.
P381	Eliminate all ignition sources if safe to do so.
P390	Absorb spillage to prevent material damage.
P391	Collect spillage. Hazardous to the aquatic environment
P301 + P310	IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P301 + P312	IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell.
P301 + P330 + P331	IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting.
P302 + P334	IF ON SKIN: Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages.
P302 + P350	IF ON SKIN: Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.
P303 + P361 + P353	IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower.
P304 + P312	IF INHALED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.
P304 + P340	IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and Keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P304 + P341	IF INHALED: If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P305 + P351 + P338	IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P306 + P360	IF ON CLOTHING: Rinse Immediately contaminated CLOTHING and SKIN with plenty of water before removing clothes.
P307 + P311	IF exposed: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P308 + P313	IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.
P309 + P311	IF exposed or if you feel unwell: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P332 + P313	IF SKIN irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P333 + P313	IF SKIN irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P335 + P334	Brush off loose particles from skin. Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages.
P337 + P313	IF eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.
P342 + P311	IF experiencing respiratory symptoms: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P370 + P376	In case of fire: Stop leak if safe to Do so.
P370 + P378	In case of fire:
P370 + P380	In case of fire: Evacuate area.
P370 + P380 + P375	In case of fire: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion.
P371 + P380 + P375	In case of major fire and large quantities: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion.
Storage
Code	Phrase
P401
P402	Store in a dry place.
P403	Store in a well-ventilated place.
P404	Store in a closed container.
P405	Store locked up.
P406	Store in corrosive resistant/ container with a resistant inner liner.
P407	Maintain air gap between stacks/pallets.
P410	Protect from sunlight.
P411
P412	Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/ 122 oF.
P413
P420	Store away from other materials.
P422
P402 + P404	Store in a dry place. Store in a closed container.
P403 + P233	Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
P403 + P235	Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool.
P410 + P403	Protect from sunlight. Store in a well-ventilated place.
P410 + P412	Protect from sunlight. Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/122oF.
P411 + P235	Keep cool.
Disposal
Code	Phrase
P501	Dispose of contents/container to ...
P502	Refer to manufacturer/supplier for information on recovery/recycling

Physical hazards
Code	Phrase
H200	Unstable explosive
H201	Explosive; mass explosion hazard
H202	Explosive; severe projection hazard
H203	Explosive; fire, blast or projection hazard
H204	Fire or projection hazard
H205	May mass explode in fire
H220	Extremely flammable gas
H221	Flammable gas
H222	Extremely flammable aerosol
H223	Flammable aerosol
H224	Extremely flammable liquid and vapour
H225	Highly flammable liquid and vapour
H226	Flammable liquid and vapour
H227	Combustible liquid
H228	Flammable solid
H229	Pressurized container: may burst if heated
H230	May react explosively even in the absence of air
H231	May react explosively even in the absence of air at elevated pressure and/or temperature
H240	Heating may cause an explosion
H241	Heating may cause a fire or explosion
H242	Heating may cause a fire
H250	Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air
H251	Self-heating; may catch fire
H252	Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire
H260	In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously
H261	In contact with water releases flammable gas
H270	May cause or intensify fire; oxidizer
H271	May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidizer
H272	May intensify fire; oxidizer
H280	Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated
H281	Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury
H290	May be corrosive to metals
Health hazards
Code	Phrase
H300	Fatal if swallowed
H301	Toxic if swallowed
H302	Harmful if swallowed
H303	May be harmful if swallowed