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Chemical Structure| 162011-90-7 Chemical Structure| 162011-90-7

Structure of Rofecoxib
CAS No.: 162011-90-7

Chemical Structure| 162011-90-7

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Rofecoxib is a potent inhibitor of the COX2-dependent production of PGE2 in human osteosarcoma cells with IC50 of 26±10 nM and Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing human COX-2 with IC50 of 18±7 nM.

Synonyms: MK 966; MK-0966; Ceoxx

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Product Citations

Product Citations

Wegner, Scott A ; Kim, Hahn ; Avalos, José L ;

Abstract: Lactate transport plays a crucial role in the metabolism, microenvironment, and survival of cancer cells. However, current drugs targeting either MCT1 or MCT4, which traditionally mediate lactate import or efflux respectively, show limited efficacy beyond in vitro models. This limitation partly arises from the existence of both isoforms in certain tumors, however existing high-affinity MCT1/4 inhibitors are years away from human testing. Therefore, we conducted an optogenetic drug screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae on a subset of the FDA-approved drug library to identify existing scaffolds that could be repurposed as monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) inhibitors. Our findings show that several existing drug classes inhibit MCT1 activity, including non-steroidal estrogens, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and natural products (in total representing approximately 1% of the total library, 78 out of 6400), with a moderate affinity (IC50 1.8–21 μM). Given the well-tolerated nature of NSAIDs, and their known anticancer properties associated with COX inhibition, we chose to further investigate their MCT1 inhibition profile. The majority of NSAIDs in our screen cluster into a single large structural grouping. Moreover, this group is predominantly comprised of FDA-approved NSAIDs, with seven exhibiting moderate MCT1 inhibition. Since these molecules form a distinct structural cluster with known NSAID MCT4 inhibitors, such as diclofenac, ketoprofen, and indomethacin, we hypothesize that these newly identified inhibitors may also inhibit both transporters. Consequently, NSAIDs as a class, and piroxicam specifically (IC50 4.4 μM), demonstrate MCT1 inhibition at theoretically relevant human dosages, suggesting immediate potential for standalone MCT inhibition or combined anticancer therapy.

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Product Details of Rofecoxib

CAS No. :162011-90-7
Formula : C17H14O4S
M.W : 314.36
SMILES Code : O=C1OCC(C2=CC=C(S(=O)(C)=O)C=C2)=C1C3=CC=CC=C3
Synonyms :
MK 966; MK-0966; Ceoxx
MDL No. :MFCD00935806
InChI Key :RZJQGNCSTQAWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Pubchem ID :5090

Safety of Rofecoxib

GHS Pictogram:
Signal Word:Warning
Hazard Statements:H302-H315-H319-H335
Precautionary Statements:P261-P305+P351+P338

Isoform Comparison

Biological Activity

Target
  • COX-2

    COX-2, IC50:18 nM

In Vitro:

Cell Line
Concentration Treated Time Description References
Murine hepatic S-9 fraction 1 μM 2 h Rofecoxib increased the production of 20-HETE in a time- and dose-dependent manner. PMC2947894
Rat platelets 10^-9 to 10^-5 M 3 min 20-HETE significantly increased ADP-induced platelet aggregation, while rofecoxib had no such effect. PMC2947894
adult rat cardiac myocytes 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10 µM 60 min To assess the effect of rofecoxib on cell viability after simulated ischemia/reperfusion injury. Results showed rofecoxib significantly increased cell survival at concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, 1, and 3 µM. PMC7140447
Murine hepatic S-9 fraction 1 μM 2 hours Investigate the effect of Valdecoxib on 20-HETE production; Valdecoxib significantly increased 20-HETE production PMC2947894

In Vivo:

Species
Animal Model
Administration Dosage Frequency Description References
C57BL/6 mice Oral administration of rofecoxib for 3 months Oral 50 mg/L,in drinking water 3 months Rofecoxib significantly shortened tail bleeding time and dramatically increased plasma levels of 20-HETE. PMC2947894
Rats Male Sprague-Dawley rats Intravenous, intraperitoneal, and oral 0.5, 5.95, 10 mg/kg Single dose To evaluate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of rofecoxib in rats and the impact of enterohepatic recirculation (EHC). Results showed that EHC increased systemic exposure to rofecoxib by 15% and prolonged the inhibition of PGE2 and the duration of anti-inflammatory effects (24 hours). PMC2267282
New Zealand White rabbits Cholesterol-fed atherosclerosis model Oral 25 mg/kg Twice daily for 12 weeks To evaluate the antagonistic effect of rofecoxib on the antithrombotic and anti-atherosclerotic actions of aspirin. Results showed that rofecoxib alone had no significant effect on atherosclerotic plaque formation, but when combined with aspirin, it significantly attenuated the antithrombotic and anti-atherosclerotic effects of aspirin. PMC3188910
Male CD-1 mice PTZ-induced acute seizures and kindling model Oral 30 mg/kg Once daily for 5 days To evaluate the effect of rofecoxib on PTZ-induced acute seizures and kindling model. Results showed that rofecoxib did not attenuate the severity of acute PTZ-induced seizures and failed to alter kindling development or maintenance. PMC4445939
Wistar rats Quinolinic acid-induced neurotoxicity model Oral 10 mg/kg Once daily for 21 days Rofecoxib significantly attenuated QA-induced behavioral alterations and restored the redox status in striatum. PMC5552501
Male Wistar rats Ischemia/reperfusion injury model Oral gavage 5.12 mg/kg Once daily for four weeks To evaluate the cardiotoxicity of rofecoxib under ischemia/reperfusion conditions. Results showed rofecoxib increased arrhythmia incidence, prolonged action potential duration, and increased acute mortality. PMC7140447
Rat Wistar rats Intragastric administration 5 mg/kg Once daily for four weeks To evaluate the effect of long-term selective inhibition of COX-2 on gastrointestinal mucosal integrity and the composition of small intestinal microbiota. Results showed that rofecoxib did not cause significant gastrointestinal mucosal damage or small intestinal dysbiosis. PMC6468807
Mice (C57BL/6) Chronic administration model Oral 50 mg/L (in drinking water) 3 months Evaluate the cardiovascular risk of Valdecoxib; chronic administration led to significantly shorter tail bleeding time and elevated plasma 20-HETE levels PMC2947894

Clinical Trial:

NCT Number Conditions Phases Recruitment Completion Date Locations
NCT00026819 Pain PHASE2 COMPLETED 2025-11-03 National Institute of Dental A... More >>nd Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States Less <<
NCT00263094 Headache COMPLETED 2025-11-04 Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hash... More >>omer, Israel Less <<

Protocol

Bio Calculators
Preparing Stock Solutions 1mg 5mg 10mg

1 mM

5 mM

10 mM

3.18mL

0.64mL

0.32mL

15.91mL

3.18mL

1.59mL

31.81mL

6.36mL

3.18mL

References

 

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