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CAS No. : | 10167-97-2 | MDL No. : | MFCD07374873 |
Formula : | C6H8N2O | Boiling Point : | - |
Linear Structure Formula : | - | InChI Key : | XJKJHILCYUUVSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
M.W : | 124.14 | Pubchem ID : | 11320934 |
Synonyms : |
|
Num. heavy atoms : | 9 |
Num. arom. heavy atoms : | 6 |
Fraction Csp3 : | 0.17 |
Num. rotatable bonds : | 1 |
Num. H-bond acceptors : | 2.0 |
Num. H-bond donors : | 1.0 |
Molar Refractivity : | 35.13 |
TPSA : | 48.14 Ų |
GI absorption : | High |
BBB permeant : | Yes |
P-gp substrate : | No |
CYP1A2 inhibitor : | No |
CYP2C19 inhibitor : | No |
CYP2C9 inhibitor : | No |
CYP2D6 inhibitor : | No |
CYP3A4 inhibitor : | No |
Log Kp (skin permeation) : | -6.72 cm/s |
Log Po/w (iLOGP) : | 1.64 |
Log Po/w (XLOGP3) : | 0.48 |
Log Po/w (WLOGP) : | 0.68 |
Log Po/w (MLOGP) : | -0.07 |
Log Po/w (SILICOS-IT) : | 0.64 |
Consensus Log Po/w : | 0.67 |
Lipinski : | 0.0 |
Ghose : | None |
Veber : | 0.0 |
Egan : | 0.0 |
Muegge : | 1.0 |
Bioavailability Score : | 0.55 |
Log S (ESOL) : | -1.34 |
Solubility : | 5.68 mg/ml ; 0.0458 mol/l |
Class : | Very soluble |
Log S (Ali) : | -1.06 |
Solubility : | 10.8 mg/ml ; 0.087 mol/l |
Class : | Very soluble |
Log S (SILICOS-IT) : | -1.75 |
Solubility : | 2.21 mg/ml ; 0.0178 mol/l |
Class : | Soluble |
PAINS : | 0.0 alert |
Brenk : | 0.0 alert |
Leadlikeness : | 1.0 |
Synthetic accessibility : | 1.68 |
Signal Word: | Warning | Class: | N/A |
Precautionary Statements: | P261-P305+P351+P338 | UN#: | N/A |
Hazard Statements: | H315-H319-H335 | Packing Group: | N/A |
GHS Pictogram: |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
51.8% | at 90 - 93℃; for 24 h; | 95 percent H2SO4 (10 mL) was stirred at 80 °C, compound 5 (5 mmol, 0.62 g) was added dropwise to the stirred solution keeping the temperature at 80-85 °C. After the addition, stirring was continued at 90-93 °C for about 24 h until 5 can not be detected by TLC. The reaction mixture was poured into crash ice (100 g) and the solution was adjusted to pH 7-8 by gradual addition of Na2CO3. The resulting mixture was extracted several times with diethyl ether (Scheme-I). The combined organic phases were dried with anhydrous Na2SO4 and the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (gradient elution: CH3OH/CH2Cl2 = 1:9) to give taupe solid 6 (0.29 g, yield = 51.8 percent). 1H NMR (400 Hz, DMSO-d6), δ (ppm): 5.200 (br, 2H, NH2), 6.327-6.350 (t, 1H, pyr-H), 6.893-6.923 (dd, 1H, pyr-H), 7.497-7.506 (dd, 1H, pyr-H), 8.636 (s, 1H, OH). 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6), δ (ppm): 110.00, 128.16, 131.65, 145.25, 150.04. |
44% | Stage #1: With hydrogen bromide In waterHeating / reflux Stage #2: With ammonia In methanol; dichloromethane |
A solution of compound 119 in a 48percent aqueous HBr solution was refluxed overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (dichloromethane / methanol (7M NH3) 9:1) to give 6-amino-pyridin-3-ol (120) (6.9 g, yield = 44percent) as dark brown crystals. 1H NMR (δ, DMSO-D6): 5.19 (2H, s), 6.33 (IH, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 6.90 (IH, dd, J = 8.7, 3.0 Hz), 7.50 (IH, d, J = 3.0 Hz), 8.61 (IH, s). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
100% | With hydroxylamine hydrochloride; triethylamine In ethanol; water for 20 h; Heating / reflux | A mixture of 118 (1.0 equiv., 257 mmol, 52.0 g), hydroxylamine hydrochloride(6.5 equiv., 1671 mmol, 69.5 g), triethylamine (2.0 equiv., 514 mmol, 52.0 g), ethanol(400 ml) and water (200 ml) was refiuxed for 20 h. The solution was cooled and <n="43"/>quenched with 2 M HCl, washed with isopropyl ether and the pH was adjusted to 9-10 with 6 M NaOH. The resulting mixture was extracted several times with dichloro- methane. The combined organic phases were dried with MgSO4 and the solvent was removed in vacuo. The oily residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (gradient elution: dichloromethane / ethyl acetate 25:75 -> ethyl acetate) to give 2-amino-5-methoxy-pyridine (119) (32.0 g, yield = 100 percent). 1U NMR (δ, CDCl3): 3.74 (3H, s), 4.45 (2H, s {br)\\ 6.45 (IH, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.07 (IH, dd, J = 8.8, 3.3 Hz), 7.72 (IH, d, J = 3.3 Hz) |
100% | With hydroxylamine hydrochloride; triethylamine In ethanol; water for 20 h; Reflux | A mixture of 4 (7 mmol, 1.41 g), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (45.5 mmol, 1.89g), triethylamine (14 mmol, 1.41 g), ethanol (20 mL) and water (10 mL) was refluxed for 20 h. The solution was cooled and quenched with 2 M HCl, washed with isopropyl ether and the pH was adjusted to 9-10 with 6 M NaOH. The resulting mixture was extracted several times with diethyl ether. The combined organic phases were dried with MgSO4 and the solvent was removed in vacuo. The oily residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (gradient elution: CH2Cl2/CH3COOC2H5 = 1:3 → pure ethyl acetate) to give dark brown liquid 5 (0.87 g, yield = 100 percent). 1H NMR (400 Hz, CDCl3), δ (ppm): 3.772 (s, 3H, OCH3), 4.213 (br, 2H, NH2), 6.493-6.462 (dd, 1H, pyr-H), 7.070-7.110 (dd, 1H, pyr-H), 7.766-7.775 (d, 1H, pyr-H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3), δ (ppm): 56.28, 109.49, 125.73, 133.11, 148.60, 153.09. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
96% | With hydrazine In ethanol for 0.75 h; Heating / reflux | 2-Ammo-5-methoxypyridineA mixtrure of 2-bromo-3-methoxy-6-nitropyridine (1.20 g, 5.15 mmol), hydrazine hydrate (6 mL), Pd on carbon (10 percent, 400 mg) in ethanol (40 mL) was heated at reflux for 45 min. The mixture was allowed to cool, filtered through Celite.(R). and concentrated. Water (20 mL) and NH3 (sat, aq.; 10 mL) were added and the mixture extracted with chloroform (2x50 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated to give the title product as a low melting colourless solid. Yield: 615 mg (96percent).1H NMR (DMSOd6, 400 MHz) δ 7.64 (dd5 IH), 7.10 (dd, IH)5 6.42 (dd, IH)5 5.43 (br. s, 2H), 3.68 (s, 3H). |
96% | With hydrazine In ethanol; water for 0.75 h; Heating / reflux | A mixture of 2-bromo-3-methoxy-6-nitroρyridine (1.20 g, 5.15 mmol)5 hydrazine hydrate (6 niL) and Pd-C (10 percent, 400 mg) in EtOH (40 mL) was heated at reflux for 45 min. The mixture was filtered through Celite.(R). and concentrated in vacuo, Water (20 mL) and NH3 (aq., sat.; 10 mL) were added and the mixture was extracted with CHCl3 (2x50 mL). The combined extracts were dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo to give the title product (615 mg, 96percent) as a low melting colourless solid. 1R NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) δ 7.64 (dd, IH)5 7.10 (dd, IH), 6.42 (dd, IH)5 5.43 (br. s, 2H)5 3.68 (s, 3H). |
16 g | With palladium on activated charcoal; hydrogen; potassium acetate In methanol; ethyl acetate at 50℃; for 48 h; | To a solution of 2-bromo-3-methoxy-6-nitropyridine (33.0 g) in methanol (400 mL) and EA (100 mL) was added potassium acetate (15.3 g) and Pd/C (1.5 g). The mixture was stirredat 50°C for 48 hours under H2 (50 psi). The mixture was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to afford 5-methoxypyridin-2-amine (16.0 g). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
36% | at 135℃; for 14 h; | 5-methoxypyridin-2-amine (P5).; Method a: 2-Amino-4-bromopyridine (0.10 g; 0.58 mmol), sodium methoxide (0.16 g; 2.9 mmol) and copper powder nanosized activated (0.11 g; 1.74 mmol) were introduced in a screw cap vial (Pyrex glass) together with 2.0 mL of anhydrous MeOH and a stirrer bar. The vial was closed and put in an oil bath at 135°C and stirred for 14 h. The mixture was cooled, diluted with MeOH (5.0 mL) and filtered through an SPE silica gel cartridge and the product eluted with AcOEt. The fractions were <n="13"/>collected and evaporated obtaining a crude of 92 mg of product which was further purified by FCC (DCM/AcOEt = 1:1) to give 26 mg (yield 36percent) of the title compound as brown oil.; Attempts to improve the result were made by increasing the equivalents of catalyst used. It was believed that copper could be coordinated and thus inactivated by the nitrogen atoms of the substrate. By this means the expected product was achieved in 36percent yield (eq 3). The reaction mixture, after being heated for 14 hrs, still contained a significant amount of starting material together with black polymers. The reaction was quenched to avoid further formation of polymers and degradation of the formed product. |
34.3% | at 100℃; for 48 h; Sealed tube | A mixture of 2-amino-5-bromopyridine (5.0 g, 28.9 mmol), sodium methoxide (6.3 g, 116.6 mmol) and copper powder (1.85 g, 28.9 mmol) in methanol (30 mL) was heated in sealed tube for 48 h at 100° C. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with dichloromethane (50 mL), filtered through a pad of celite and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with water, extracted with dichloromethane (2.x.100 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with water (50 mL) and brine (50 mL). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under vacuum. The crude material was purified over silica gel column chromatography eluting with EtOAc:Hexane (6:4) to afford Int-1 (1.2 g, 34.3percent) as brown color oil. To a solution of Int-1 (3.0 g, 24.2 mmol) in dimethoxy ethane (30 mL) was added 3-chloro-2,4-pentanedione (4.9 g, 36.4 mmol) at room temperature and the mixture was stirred at reflux temperature for 16 hours. The volatile was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified over silica gel column chromatography eluting with MeOH:DCM (1:9) to afford Int-2 (2.3 g, 46.6percent) as brown color oil. A solution of Int-2 (1.5 g, 7.35 mmol) in DMF DMA (15 mL) was stirred at reflux temperature for 24 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with diethyl ether (15 mL) and stirred for 15 minutes. The precipitated solid was filtered, washed with ether (2.x.10 mL) and dried under vacuum to afford Int-3 (1.2 g, 63percent) as brown solid. Mass (m/z): 260 [M++1]. 1H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl3): δ 9.43 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.8 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (d, J=9.8 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (dd, J=2.2, 9.6 Hz, 1H), 5.58 (d, J=12 Hz, 1H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 3.06 (brs, 6H), 2.75 (s, 3H). To a solution of Int-3 (1.6 g, 6.17 mmol) in DMF (25 mL) was added Int-3B (2.38 g, 12.3 mmol) followed by K2CO3 (2.13 g, 15.4 mmol) at room temperature under inert atmosphere and the reaction mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, poured into ice water (70 mL) and stirred for 15 minutes. The precipitated solid was filtered, washed with water (2.x.10 mL) and dried under vacuum to afford Int-4 (1.2 g, 50percent) as brown solid. Mass (m/z): 390 [M++1]. 1H NMR (200 MHz, dmso-d6): δ 10.13 (s, 1H), 9.17 (s, 1H), 8.59 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 8.-6.90 (m, 4H), 7.55 (d, J=10 Hz, 1H), 7.25-7.14 (m, 2H), 3.8 (s, 3H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 2.6 (s, 3H). A mixture of Int-4 (0.8 g, 2.05 mmol) and 4 N HCl (30 mL) was stirred at reflux temperature for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and pH adjusted to about 5 using NaHCO3 and stirred for 20 minutes. The precipitated solid was filtered, washed with water (2.x.10 mL) and dried under vacuum to afford Int-5 (0.7 g, 90.9percent yield) as brown color solid. Mass (m/z): 376 [M++1]. 1H NMR (200 MHz, dmso-d6): δ 10.29 (s, 1H), 9.18 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 8.72 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 8.-7.78 (m, 6H), 7.64 (dd, J=2.2, 10 Hz, 1H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 2.69 (s, 3H). To a stirred solution of Int-5 (0.7 g, 1.86 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) were added HOBt (0.25 g, 1.86 mmol), EDCI (0.71 g, 3.7 mmol), N-ethyldiisopropylamine (0.7 mL, 5.58 mmol) at 0° C. After being stirred for 10 minutes, and then added o-phenylenediamine (0.2 g, 1.86 mmol) to the reaction mixture at 0° C. The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirring was continued for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into ice cold water (50 mL) and stirred for 10 minutes. The precipitated solid was filtered, washed with water (3.x.10 mL) and dried under vacuum. The crude material was purified over silica gel column chromatography eluting with 4percent MeOH/DCM to afford the title compound (0.27 g, 31.1percent yield) as off white solid. Mass (m/z): 465.2 [M++1]. 1H NMR (200 MHz, dmso-d6): δ 10.02 (s, 1H), 9.53 (s, 1H), 9.18 (s, 1H), 8.59 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.86-7.98 (m, 4H), 7.60 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.13-7.25 (m, 3H), 6.85-7.0 (m, 1H), 6.75 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.45-6.61 (m, 1H), 4.86 (brs, 2H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 2.60 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (125 MHz, dmso-d6): δ 164.69, 159.26, 158.17, 156.83, 148.74, 146.45, 143.33, 143.03, 142.42, 128.49, 127.05, 126.55, 126.21, 123.65, 120.66, 118.59, 118.10, 116.37, 116.29, 116.15, 110.27, 110.15, 55.90, 16.36. |
17% | at 140℃; for 0.5 h; Microwave irradiation (75W) in a sealed tube | Method b:; 2-Amino-4-bromopyridine (0.10 g; 0.58 mmol), sodium methoxide (0.16 g; 2.9 mmol) and copper powder nanosized activated (0.11 g; 1.74 mmol) were introduced in a microwave glass tube with 1.5 mL of anhydrous DMF and sealed. The tube was introduced in the microwave cavity and heated for 30 min at 140°C (140C30M75W300Psi). Although DMF is a high boiling solvent, high pressure was observed, probably caused by the partial methanolysis of the DMF resulting in low boiling products such as methyl formate and dimethylamine. The mixture was diluted with 10 mL of 2 M NH4Cl solution and extracted 3 times with AcOEt. The organic phase was washed 2 times with 2 M NH4Cl solution and 1 time with water to remove the remaining DMF, dried on NaSO4, and filtered. After the solvent was removed, the crude product was purified by FCC (AcOEt) to afford 12 mg (yield 17percent) of the title compound as brown oil. 1H NMR (270 MHz; CDCl3), δ 7.74 (1 H, d, 3JHH = 3.0 Hz), 7.06 ( IH, dd, 3JHH = 9.0 Hz, 4JHH = 3.0 Hz), 6.45 (1 H, d, 3JHH = 9.0 Hz), 3.95 (2H, bs, NH2), 3.74 (3H, s, OCH3); m/z (EI-MS): 124 (M+), 109 ([M-CH3]+).; Substitution of halide by OCH3 and SEt group is more challenging. The first attempts to prepare P5 by a nucleophilic aromatic displacement of the bromide with a methoxy group catalyzed by Cu powder in a conventional way11 or with microwave heating or an ultrasound bath were frustrated by the apparent unreactivity of the substrate.; In order to decrease the reaction time, the transformation in eq 3 was carried out with microwave irradiation according to Table 3. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
31% | With copper In methanol at 160℃; | 2-Amino-5-methoxy-pyridine. A mixture OF 2-AMINO-5-IODO-PYRIDINE (1 g, 4.54 mmol) in 20 mL of absolute methanol with 400 mg of copper powder and sodium methoxide (6 mmol) was heated at 160 °C overnight in a seal tube. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with 80 mL of methanol and filtered through a pad of celite. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was purified by chromatography (80percent ethyl acetate/hexane) to give the title compound (174 mg, 31percent). 1H NMR (CDCl3) : 7.78 (d, J = 2.7, 1H), 7.09 (dd, J = 3.0, 9.0, 1H), 6.48 (d, J= 9.0, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
63% | With sodium hydroxide; bromine; sodium nitrite In water; hydrogen bromide | (a) 2-Amino-5-methoxypyridine (14.8 g, prepared by the method of J.G. Lombardino, J. Med. Chem., 1981, 24, 39) was dissolved in 60percent hydrobromic acid (150 ml) and to the cooled (-10°) stirred solution bromine (47.47 g) was added dropwise. To the resulting yellow suspension was added, dropwise, sodium nitrite (20.53 g) in water (40 ml), keeping the temperature below -5°. The mixture was stirred to room temperature, and after 0.5 hour cooled to 0°, and a solution of sodium hydroxide (120 g) in water (100 ml) was slowly added. The mixture was thoroughly extracted with ether, the combined ether extracts dried with anhydrous sodium sulphate, and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel (150 g). Elution with dichloromethane gave a yellow oil (14.1 g, 63percent) which was combined with a smaller batch (3.4 g) and distilled under reduced pressure to give 2-bromo-5-methoxypyridine (16.4 g). b.p. 76°-78°/0.6 torr. |
63% | With sodium hydroxide; bromine; sodium nitrite In water; hydrogen bromide | (a) 2-Amino-5-methoxypyridine (14.8 g, prepared by the method of J.G. Lombardino, J. Med. Chem. , 1981, 24 , 39) was dissolved in 60percent hydrobromic acid (150 ml) and to the cooled (-10°) stirred solution bromine (47.47 g) was added dropwise. To the resulting yellow suspension was added, dropwise, sodium nitrite (20.53 g) in water (40 ml), keeping the temperature below -5°. The mixture was stirred to room temperature, and after 0.5 hour cooled to 0°, and a solution of sodium hydroxide (120 g) in water (100 ml) was slowly added. The mixture was thoroughly extracted with ether, the combined ether extracts dried with anhydrous sodium sulphate, and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel (150 g). Elution with dichloromethane gave a yellow oil (14.1 g, 63percent) which was combined with a smaller batch (3.4 g) and distilled under reduced pressure to give 2-bromo-5-methoxypyridine (16.4 g). b.p. 76-78°/0.6 torr. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
15 g | With sodium hydrogencarbonate In methanol; water for 2 h; Reflux | To a solution of 5-methoxypyridin-2-amine (15.0 g) in methanol (40 mL) and water (20 mL) was added 2-chloroacetaldehyde (25.0 g) and sodium bicarbonate (10.2 g). The mixture was stirred under reflux for 2 hours, and then concentrated. The residue was partionedbetween EA and aq. NaH CO3 solution. The organic layer was concentrated and purified by column chromatography to afford 6-methoxyimidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridine (15.0 g). |
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