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Chemical Structure| 177325-75-6

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Iskandarani, Lama ; Bayen, Stéphane ; Hales, Barbara F ; Robaire, Bernard ;

Abstract: Concerns about the adverse effects of bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical used for the production of polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins, and as a color developer in thermal papers, have led to an increase in the use of (bisphenol S; BPS), bis(3-allyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone (TGSA), 4-hydroxyphenyl 4-isoprooxyphenylsulfone (D-8), [3-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylcarbamoylamino] phenyl] 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (Pergafast-201; PF-201), and (DBSP) as alternative color developers. Data on these chemicals are scarce, and little is known about their potential toxicity. We determined the effects of BPS, TGSA, D-8, PF201, and DBSP on the phenotype, function, and transcriptome of KGN human granulosa cells. Using high-content imaging, we observed that TGSA was the most cytotoxic compound tested, followed by D-8, DBSP, PF-201, and BPS. Although the effects of these compounds on lysosomes, mitochondria, and oxidative stress were minimal, TGSA, D-8, and PF-201 drastically increased the number and total area of lipid droplets compared with the control. RNA sequencing analyses revealed that TGSA and D-8 exposure differentially regulated 2,414 and 2,563 genes, respectively. PF-201 was the least transcriptionally active chemical, significantly affecting only 6 transcripts. The predominant effect of TGSA was the activation of pathways related to the extracellular matrix, whereas both TGSA and D-8 inhibited pathways involved in regulation, DNA replication, and DNA repair. Such mechanisms may be underlying the cytotoxicity and lipid droplet accumulation observed in KGN cells. These data suggest that alternative color developers such as TGSA, D-8, and PF-201 act by different mechanisms and may not be responsible replacements for BPA and BPS in thermal papers.

Keywords: endocrine-disrupting chemical ; color developer ; bisphenol analog ; KGN human granulosa cells ; thermal label ; high-content imaging

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XU, Ziyun ; GOODYER, Cynthia Gates ; HALES, Barbara F ; Bayen, Stephan ;

Abstract: In this study, 247 food thermal labels, collected from 15 countries across five continents in 2021-2023, were assessed for the occurrence of bisphenol color developers. Analysis with LC-qTOF-MS showed that BPS was the most frequently detected color developer, present in 48% of the thermal labels. Some relatively new alternatives, such as NKK-1304 (15%) and DBSP (11%), were identified using suspect screening for the first time, indicating the growing use of new compounds in the food packaging industry. Despite regulatory restrictions on its usage, bisphenol A (BPA) was still detected in 2% of the food thermal label samples from certain countries. 80% of the thermal labels collected were appended to food packaging made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). In a controlled food simulant (10-95% ethanol, 10 days) experiment, approximately 63% of BPS and 31% of D-90 in the labels were able to migrate across PVC cling films. In contrast, polyethylene (PE) films and paper-based materials exhibited a significant barrier to both BPS and D-90 migration. These results highlight the diversity of color developers used in food thermal labels globally, the need for comprehensive risk assessments of novel color developers and the importance of choosing packaging materials that can act as barriers to their migration into food.

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Product Details of [ 177325-75-6 ]

CAS No. :177325-75-6
Formula : C18H14O5S2
M.W : 374.43
SMILES Code : OC1=CC=C(S(=O)(C2=CC=CC=C2)=O)C=C1S(=O)(C3=CC=CC=C3)=O
MDL No. :MFCD29072767
InChI Key :LCJQCYQTWIAJBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Pubchem ID :9951483

Safety of [ 177325-75-6 ]

GHS Pictogram:
Signal Word:Warning
Hazard Statements:H315-H319
Precautionary Statements:P264-P280-P302+P352-P337+P313-P305+P351+P338-P362+P364-P332+P313
 

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