59%; 7% |
With lithium tert-butoxide;copper(l) iodide; In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 140℃; for 0.25h; |
Another General Synthetic ProcedureAnother preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a general procedure for the arylation of a broad variety of heterocycles using copper iodide as catalyst as shown below: where a phenyl group is attached to either an electron-rich or electron-poor heterocycle. The results of this general coupling reaction are shown in Table III (supra).The general procedure for the coupling of iodoarenes with heterocyclic compounds is presented here. Outside the glovebox a 1-dram vial equipped with a magnetic stir bar is charged with heterocycle (1.0 mmol), iodoarene (3.0 equiv) and DMF (1 mL). The vial is flushed with argon, capped and placed inside a glovebox. To this mixture is added CuI (10 mol %) and t-BuOLi (2.0 equiv). The sealed vial is taken out of the glovebox, stirred at room temperature for 5 minutes and placed in a preheated oil bath (140o C) for 10 minutes. The reaction mixture is allowed to cool to room temperature and diluted with ethyl acetate (50 mL). The resulting solution is washed with brine (3×15 mL), dried over anhydrous MgSO4, and concentrated under vacuum to a volume of about 2 mL. The mixture containing the product is subjected to flash chromatography on silica gel (hexanes followed by appropriate solvent to elute the products). After concentrating the fractions containing the product, the residue is dried under reduced pressure to yield pure arylation product.FIG. 11 shows the molecular structures of the resultant molecule 2-phenyloxazole when the starting heterocycle is 1,3-oxazole, and its 1H NMR spectrum. 2,5-Diphenyloxazole is also produced in the synthesis. The synthesis of 2-phenyloxazole and 2,5-diphenyloxazole is conducted using copper(I) iodide (19.1 mg, 0.1 mmol), oxazole (69 mg, 1.0 mmol), iodobenzene (612 mg, 3.0 mmol), t-BuOLi (160 mg, 2.0 mmol), and DMF (1.0 mL). After column chromatography (hexanes, then 10% ethyl acetate in hexanes) and preparative HPLC (5% ethyl acetate in hexanes) 15 mg (7%) of a light tan solid (2,5-diphenyloxazole, Rf=0.30 (1/9 ethyl acetate/hexanes)) and 85 mg (59%) of a colorless oil (2-phenyloxazole, Rf=0.27 (1/9 ethyl acetate/hexanes)) are obtained. 1H NMR spectrum for 2-Phenyloxazole(300 MHz, CDCl3): delta7.23 (s, 1H), 7.42-7.49 (m, 3H), 7.71 (s, 1H), 8.01-8.10 (m, 2H). 1H NMR spectrum for 2,5-Diphenyloxazole (300 MHz, CDCl3): delta 7.31-7.38 (m, 1H), 7.40-7.52 (m, 6H), 7.70-7.75 (m, 2H), 8.08-8.15 (m, 2H). Table III, entry 1. |