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Chemical Structure| 22204-53-1 Chemical Structure| 22204-53-1

Structure of Naproxen
CAS No.: 22204-53-1

Chemical Structure| 22204-53-1

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Naproxen is a COX inhibitor for COX1/2 with IC50 of 8.7 and 5.2 μM, respectively.

Synonyms: (S)-Naproxen; (+)-Naproxen; Napratec

4.5 *For Research Use Only !

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Rakoczy, Rafał ; Zyburtowicz-Ćwiartka, Karolina ; Konopacki, Maciej ; Nowak, Anna ; Muzykiewicz-Szymańska, Anna ; Kucharski, Łukasz , et al.

Abstract: Transdermal drug delivery systems present a promising alternative to oral administration, though improving skin permeability of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) remains challenging. This study examines how various electromagnetic fields (EMFs) affect the transdermal permeability of (NAP) and its physicochemical properties. Using pigskin as a model, NAP permeability was tested under oscillating, pulsed, static, and rotating magnetic fields (RMF), compared to a control group without EMF exposure. The results show significant differences in NAP permeability depending on EMF type, with RMF at 50 Hz yielding the highest cumulative permeation mass (CPM) of 1461.40 ± 256.15 µg/cm2, compared to 267.57 ± 41.74 µg/cm2 for the control. RMF 50 Hz also maximized steady-state flux (JSS) and permeability coefficient (Kp), highlighting its potential for enhanced transdermal delivery. Conversely, static magnetic fields with negative polarization reduced permeation, showing a complex interaction between magnetic fields and skin permeability. The study also found that RMF treatments lowered NAP skin accumulation, improving permeation efficiency. Physicochemical analyses (FTIR, XRD, solubility, and lipophilicity) revealed that while EMF exposure did not significantly change NAP's crystal structure, it did affect solubility and partition coefficient. This research highlights the potential of optimizing EMF parameters to enhance transdermal drug delivery and provides insights into the physicochemical interactions between EMFs and active compounds. The findings suggest that rotating magnetic fields, particularly at 50 Hz, offer the most significant improvement in drug permeability, which could be beneficial for developing advanced transdermal delivery systems.

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Świątek, Ewelina ; Janus, Ewa ; Ossowicz-Rupniewska, Paula ; Nowak, Anna ; Duchnik, Wiktoria ; Kucharski, Łukasz , et al.

Abstract: In the study, the modification of (NAP) with esters of four amino acids (AAs): (GlyOiPr), (ProOiPr), (LeuOiPr), and (SerOiPr) isopropyl ester was performed to improve water solubility and enhance the permeation of the drug through the skin in comparison to the parent NAP. The NAP derivatives were prepared using the equimolar ratio of the components. In-depth NMR and FTIR analysis revealed that the salts formed with the proton transfer from the carboxylic group of NAP to the amine group of the appropriate AA ester. The NAP salts exhibited improved solubility in water and PBS solution (pH 7.4) when compared to parent NAP. The values of the partition coefficient (log PO/W) for prepared salts were lower than for NAP, however, the salts maintained hydrophobic character determined by the positive values of log P. The In vitro permeation through the pig skin performed in Franz diffusion cells showed that all NAP salts exhibited a higher cumulative mass of permeated NAP (Q24h) than the parent acid. The highest permeation value was noted for [ProOiPr][NAP], with a pseudo-steady state flux (Jss) 32.5 µg NAP cm−2h−1, and Q24h = 246.4 µg NAP cm−2, it was 2.5 % of the applied dose. Moreover, topical preparations with [ProOiPr][NAP] and NAP were prepared based on two vehicles − Celugel® and Pentravan®- approved in pharmacy recipes. The permeation experiments through the Strat-M® showed, that both the Jss and Q24h of permeated drug from preparations containing [ProOiPr][NAP], were statistically several times greater than from the respective preparations with the unmodified acid. Additionally, preparations with [ProOiPr][NAP] provided significantly improved permeation of NAP than two commercial preparations, one of which contained as the acid and the other - as the sodium salt.

Keywords: amino acid isopropyl esters ; ; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ; skin ; permeation ; topical compositions

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Tonduru, Arun Kumar ; Maljaei, Seyed Hamed ; Adla, Santosh Kumar ; Anamea, Landry ; Tampio, Janne ; Kralova, Adela , et al.

Abstract: OATP1C1 (organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1C1) transports thyroid hormones, particularly thyroxine (T4), into human astrocytes. In this study, we investigated the potential of utilizing OATP1C1 to improve the delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs into glial cells. We designed and synthesized eight novel prodrugs by incorporating T4 and 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine (DIT) as promoieties to selected anti-inflammatory drugs. The prodrug uptake in OATP1C1-expressing human U-87MG glioma cells demonstrated higher accumulation with T4 promoiety compared to those with DIT promoiety or the parent drugs themselves. In silico models of OATP1C1 suggested dynamic binding for the prodrugs, wherein the pose changed from vertical to horizontal. The predicted binding energies correlated with the transport profiles, with T4 derivatives exhibiting higher binding energies when compared to prodrugs with a DIT promoiety. Interestingly, the prodrugs also showed utilization of oatp1a4/1a5/1a6 in mouse primary astrocytes, which was further supported by docking studies and a great potential for improved brain drug delivery.

Purchased from AmBeed: ; ; ; ; ; 5104-49-4 ; 22204-53-1

Klebeko, Joanna ; Ossowicz-Rupniewska, Paula ; Nowak, Anna ; Kucharska, Edyta ; Kucharski, Lukasz ; Duchnik, Wiktoria , et al.

Abstract: Herein, we investigated the effect of pairing the L-amino acid alkyl (Pr, iso-Pr, or butyl) ester on the formation of API-ILs. The novel salts of NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) obtained from biodegradable cations were synthesized and characterised by NMR (NMR), Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) methods. The influence of structure counterions for APIs from the NSAIDs group on their physicochem. properties was studied in detail. The comprehensive effects of cation structure on skin permeation, accumulation, and antioxidant activity of API-ILs were also evaluated. These results demonstrated that L-amino acid alkyl esters can be successfully used to synthesize API-ILs further used in topical formulations with anti-ageing, anti-inflammatory, or photoprotective effects.

Keywords: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ; Amino acid ester salts ; Ionic liquids ; Topical delivery ; Skin barrier

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Rakoczy, Rafal ; Nowak, Anna ; Konopacki, Maciej ; Kordas, Marian ; Kucharski, Lukasz ; Ossowicz-Rupniewska, Paula

Abstract: The paper presents a method of increasing the permeability of various active substances through the skin by means of a rotating magnetic field. The study used 50 Hz RMF and various active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) such as caffeine, ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, and paracetamol. Various concentrations of active substance solutions in ethanol were used in the research, corresponding to those in com. preparations Each experiment was conducted for 24 h. It was shown that, regardless of the active compound used, an increase in drug transport through the skin was observed with RMF exposure. Furthermore, the release profiles depended on the active substance used. Exposure to a rotating magnetic field has been shown to effectively increase the permeability of an active substance through the skin.

Keywords: Electromagnetic field ; Rotating magnetic field ; Active pharmaceutical ingredients ; Transdermal drug delivery ; Skin barrier

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Swiatek, Ewelina ; Ossowicz-Rupniewska, Paula ; Janus, Ewa ; Nowak, Anna ; Sobolewski, Peter ; Duchnik, Wiktoria , et al.

Abstract: The paper presents the synthesis, full identification, and characterization of new salts-L-proline alkyl ester naproxenates [ProOR][NAP], where R was a chain from Et to Bu (including isopropyl). All obtained compounds were characterized by NMR (NMR), Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD), and in vitro dissolution studies. The sp. rotation, phase transition temperatures (m.p.), and thermal stability were also determined In addition, their lipophilicity, permeability, and accumulation in pigskin were determined Finally, toxicity against mouse L929 fibroblast cells was tested. The obtained naproxen derivatives showed improved solubility and higher absorption of drug mols. by biol. membranes. Their lipophilicity was lower and increased with the increase in the alkyl chain of the ester. The derivative with iso-Pr ester had the best permeability through pigskin. The use of L-proline iso-Pr ester naproxenate increased the permeation of naproxen through the skin almost four-fold. It was also shown that the increase in permeability is not associated with addnl. risk: all compounds had a similar effect on cell viability as the parent naproxen.

Keywords: amino acid ; ionic liquids ; naproxen ; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ; skin barrier ; transdermal drug delivery

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Alternative Products

Product Details of Naproxen

CAS No. :22204-53-1
Formula : C14H14O3
M.W : 230.26
SMILES Code : C[C@@H](C1=CC=C2C=C(OC)C=CC2=C1)C(O)=O
Synonyms :
(S)-Naproxen; (+)-Naproxen; Napratec
MDL No. :MFCD00010500

Safety of Naproxen

GHS Pictogram:
Signal Word:Warning
Hazard Statements:H302-H315-H319-H335-H361
Precautionary Statements:P201-P202-P261-P264-P270-P271-P280-P301+P312+P330-P302+P352-P304+P340+P312-P305+P351+P338-P308+P313-P332+P313-P337+P313-P403+P233-P405-P501

Isoform Comparison

Biological Activity

Target
  • COX-2

    COX-2, IC50:5.2 μM

  • COX-1

    COX-1, IC50:8.7 μM

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NCT02143713 - Completed - -
NCT01620528 Endometriosis Phase 3 Completed - -
NCT02132416 Trauma Flail ... More >>Chest Rib Fractures Surgery Less << Not Applicable Active, not recruiting December 2018 Sweden ... More >> Departement of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg, Sweden, 413 45 Departement of Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Sweden, 171 76 Less <<
NCT02094807 Trauma Rib Fr... More >>actures Surgery Pain Less << Not Applicable Withdrawn(Slow inclusion rate.... More >> Awaiting results from NCT02132416.) Less << May 2020 Sweden ... More >> Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg, Sweden, 413 45 Less <<
NCT01931670 - Completed - -
NCT01638962 Osteoarthritis, Knee Not Applicable Completed - Denmark ... More >> University of Southern Denmark Odense, Region Syddanmark, Denmark, 5230 Less <<
NCT00285649 Low Back Pain Not Applicable Completed - United States, Iowa ... More >> Palmer Center for Chiropractic Research Davenport, Iowa, United States, 52803 Less <<
NCT01620528 - Completed - -
NCT00285649 - Completed - -
NCT02397785 Pelvic Pain Not Applicable Completed - United States, Ohio ... More >> Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland, Ohio, United States, 44195 Less <<
NCT00551135 Pain, Postoperative ... More >> Hernia, Inguinal Less << Phase 3 Completed - -
NCT02707094 Chronic Low Back Pain Not Applicable Completed - United States, Texas ... More >> Brooke Army Medical Center Fort Sam Houston, Texas, United States, 78234 Less <<
NCT02397785 - Completed - -
NCT00447759 Osteoarthritis ... More >> Rheumatoid Arthritis Less << Phase 4 Completed - Denmark ... More >> University of Southern Denmark Odense, Denmark, 5000 Netherlands Julius Clinical Research Zeist, Netherlands, 3703 CD Zeist United Kingdom University of Aberdeen Aberdeen, United Kingdom, AB25 2ZN University of Birmingham Birmingham, United Kingdom, B15 2TT University of Dundee Dundee, United Kingdom, DD1 9SY University of Edinburgh Edinburgh, United Kingdom, EH4 2XU University of Glasgow Glasgow, United Kingdom, G11 6NT NHS Highlands Inverness, United Kingdom, IV2 3JH University of Nottingham Nottingham, United Kingdom, NG7 2UH University of Oxford Oxford, United Kingdom, OX1 2ET Less <<
NCT00551135 - Completed - -
NCT02945839 Migraine Phase 4 Not yet recruiting December 2018 United States, New York ... More >> New York University School of Medicine Not yet recruiting New York, New York, United States, 10016 Contact: Liliana Serrano       Liliana.Serrano2@nyumc.org    Principal Investigator: mia Minen, MD Less <<
NCT01916395 - Completed - United States, Michigan ... More >> Westside Family Medical Center, PC Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States, 49009 Less <<
NCT00621881 Liver Disease Phase 1 Completed - United States, Florida ... More >> Miami, Florida, United States Less <<
NCT01003639 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypert... More >>ension Less << Phase 2 Phase 3 Completed - -
NCT01003639 - Completed - -
NCT00737737 Chronic Pain ... More >>Osteoarthritis Less << Phase 4 Completed - United States, Maryland ... More >> National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20892 Less <<
NCT03245008 Osteoarthritis, Knee / Osteoar... More >>thritis, Hip Less << Phase 2 Phase 3 Recruiting January 2021 Japan ... More >> Investigational Site Recruiting Aichi, Japan Investigational Site Recruiting Aomori, Japan Investigational Site Recruiting Chiba, Japan Investigational Site Recruiting Ehime, Japan Investigational Site Recruiting Fukui, Japan Investigational Site Recruiting Fukuoka, Japan Investigational Site Recruiting Fukushima, Japan Investigational Site Recruiting Gunma, Japan Investigational Site Recruiting Hiroshima, Japan Investigational Site Recruiting Hokkaido, Japan Investigational Site Recruiting Hyogo, Japan Investigational Site Recruiting Ibaraki, Japan Investigational Site Recruiting Kagoshima, Japan Investigational Site Recruiting Kanagawa, Japan Investigational Site Recruiting Kumamoto, Japan Investigational Site Recruiting Kyoto, Japan Investigational Site Recruiting Mie, Japan Investigational Site Recruiting Miyagi, Japan Investigational Site Recruiting Miyazaki, Japan Investigational Site Recruiting Oita, Japan Investigational Site Recruiting Osaka, Japan Investigational Site Recruiting Saitama, Japan Investigational Site Recruiting Shiga, Japan Investigational Site Recruiting Shizuoka, Japan Investigational Site Recruiting Tokyo, Japan Investigational Site Recruiting Yamagata, Japan Investigational Site Recruiting Yamaguchi, Japan Less <<
NCT00737737 - Completed - -
NCT01761864 Study Focus: Prescribing of Dr... More >>ugs Less << Not Applicable Unknown January 2016 Belgium ... More >> University of Antwerp Wilrijk, Belgium, 2610 Less <<
NCT00688545 - Terminated(See termination rea... More >>son in detailed description.) Less << - -
NCT02322996 - Withdrawn(never started) - United States, North Carolina ... More >> School of Dental Medicine At East Carolina University Greenville, North Carolina, United States, 27834 Less <<
NCT01511627 Hysterectomy Not Applicable Withdrawn(Research question wa... More >>s answered by Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2012; 56 102-109.) Less << - Canada, Saskatchewan ... More >> Saskatoon City Hospital Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7K0M7 Less <<
NCT03220633 Chronic Pain Phase 1 Completed - Canada, Quebec ... More >> Algorithme Pharma Montreal, Quebec, Canada Less <<
NCT01267825 Disc Herniation ... More >> Lumbosacral Radiculopathy Less << Phase 4 Terminated(Study terminated ea... More >>rly due to low enrollment. No data collected.) Less << - United States, New York ... More >> Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, New York, United States, 10467 Less <<
NCT01094483 Platelet Inhibition Phase 1 Completed - United States, Kansas ... More >> Research Site Overland Park, Kansas, United States Less <<
NCT00809354 Osteoarthritis ... More >> Arthritis Less << Phase 3 Terminated(See termination rea... More >>son in detailed description.) Less << - -
NCT03031938 Osteoarthritis ... More >> Cancer Pain Recurrent Low Back Pain Less << Phase 3 Recruiting April 4, 2022 United States, California ... More >> USC Keck School of Medicine Recruiting Los Angeles, California, United States, 90033 United States, Florida Gulfcoast Research Institute Recruiting Sarasota, Florida, United States, 34232 Kennedy and White Orthopaedic Center Recruiting Sarasota, Florida, United States, 34232 Pediatric Epilepsy & Neurology Specialists Recruiting Tampa, Florida, United States, 33609 United States, Indiana Lafayette Clinical Research Group Active, not recruiting Lafayette, Indiana, United States, 47905 Preferred Pediatrics Active, not recruiting Lafayette, Indiana, United States, 47905 Less <<
NCT00665431 Osteoarthritis Phase 3 Completed - United States, North Carolina ... More >> POZEN Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States, 27517 Less <<
NCT01298531 - Completed - -
NCT00688545 - Terminated(See termination rea... More >>son in detailed description.) Less << - -
NCT02674386 Osteoarthritis Phase 3 Recruiting August 12, 2019 -
NCT01298531 Axial Spondyloarthritis Phase 4 Completed - France ... More >> Institut Calot - Fondation Hopale Berck-sur-Mer, France, 62608 Hopital Pellegrin Bordeaux Cedex, France, 33076 Centre Hospitalier, Service de Rhumatologie Cahors, France, 46000 CHU Hopital Gabriel Montpied Clermont-Ferrand, France, 63003 Centre Hospitalier Sud Francilien Corbeil Essonnes, France, 91100 Hopital Bicetre LE KREMLIN-BICETRE Cedex, France, 94275 CH Le Mans Le Mans, France, 72037 Chu Dupuytren, Rhumatologie et Therapeutique Limoges, France, 87042 CHU Lapeyronie, Immuno-Rhumatologie Montpellier, France, 34000 Hopital de l'Archet Nice, France, 06202 Hopital Porte Madeleine Orleans Cedex 1, France, 45032 H�al Saint-Antoine Paris, France, 75012 Hopital Cochin Paris, France, 75014 Hopital Saint Joseph - Service de Rhumatologie Paris, France, 75014 Hopital Bichat Paris, France, 75018 Service de Rhumatologie Paris, France, 75651 Cedex 13 CHU Bois Guillaume - Service de Rhumatologie Rouen, France, 76031 CHU de Saint Etienne, Hopital Nord Saint Etienne Cedex 2, France, 42055 Hopital Purpan Toulouse Cedex 09, France, 31059 Less <<
NCT01267825 - Terminated(Study terminated ea... More >>rly due to low enrollment. No data collected.) Less << - -
NCT00664560 Osteoarthritis Phase 3 Completed - United States, North Carolina ... More >> POZEN Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States, 27517 Less <<
NCT00665431 - Completed - -
NCT00599404 Healthy Phase 1 Completed - -
NCT00664560 - Completed - -
NCT00065559 Diabetic Nephropathy Not Applicable Terminated - United States, Illinois ... More >> Rush Presbyterian St. Luke's Medical Center Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60612 United States, North Carolina Duke University Medical Center Durham, North Carolina, United States, 27710 United States, Tennessee Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Tennessee, United States, 37232 Less <<
NCT00001955 Temporomandibular Joint Disord... More >>er Less << Phase 2 Completed - United States, Maryland ... More >> National Institute of Dental And Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20892 Less <<
NCT01843179 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Phase 2 Withdrawn(Lack of Funding) - United States, Massachusetts ... More >> Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02115 Less <<
NCT02903680 Migraine Phase 1 Recruiting June 2019 Canada, Quebec ... More >> CHU Sainte Justine Recruiting Montréal, Quebec, Canada, H3T1C4 Contact: Geneviève Tourigny-Ruel    5149143133    getruel@yahoo.ca    Principal Investigator: Benoit Bailey, MD          Sub-Investigator: Jocelyn Gravel, MD Less <<
NCT01355549 Shoulder Pain ... More >> Rotator Cuff Tendinitis Rotator Cuff Syndrome Spinal Cord Injury Less << Phase 1 Completed - United States, New Jersey ... More >> Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation West Orange, New Jersey, United States, 07052 Less <<
NCT02771249 Healthy Volunteers Phase 1 Recruiting December 31, 2019 United States, Maryland ... More >> National Institutes of Health Clinical Center Recruiting Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20892 Contact: For more information at the NIH Clinical Center contact Office of Patient Recruitment (OPR)    800-411-1222 ext TTY8664111010    prpl@cc.nih.gov Less <<
NCT00543868 Stomach Ulcer ... More >> Duodenal Ulcer Less << Phase 2 Completed - -
NCT02580344 Contraception Phase 2 Completed - Egypt ... More >> Assiut university Assiut, Egypt, 71111 Less <<
NCT01578941 Menstrual Migraine Phase 4 Completed - United States, Alabama ... More >> University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama, United States, 35233 Less <<
NCT02689024 Hip Fractures ... More >> Anesthesia Less << Phase 4 Recruiting July 2019 Netherlands ... More >> Meander Medical Center Recruiting Amersfoort, Netherlands, 3813 TZ Contact: Maurice Pouw, MD    033 850 5050    me.pouw@meandermc.nl    Slotervaart Medical Center Recruiting Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1066 EC Contact: Daniel Haverkamp, MD, PhD    020 - 512 93 33    Daniël.Haverkamp@slz.nl    VU Medical Center Recruiting Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1081 HV Contact: Edwin Vandewalle, MD    0031(0)20-4444444    e.vandewalle@vumc.nl    Academic Medical Center Recruiting Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1105 AZ Contact: Milan Ridderikhof, MD    0031-(0)20-5663336    m.l.ridderikhof@amc.uva.nl    Contact: Helma Goddijn, MSc    0031-(0)20-5663336    w.m.t.goddijn@amc.uva.nl Less <<
NCT01511926 - Completed - -
NCT01481103 Migraine Headache Not Applicable Terminated(PI cited personal r... More >>easons) Less << - United States, Illinois ... More >> Serenity Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine Oak Park, Illinois, United States, 60302 Less <<
NCT02128490 Gout Moderate... More >> Renal Impairment Less << Phase 2 Completed - -
NCT02139046 - Completed - -
NCT03351439 Hip Pain Chronic Not Applicable Recruiting December 31, 2018 Canada, Ontario ... More >> Fowler Kennedy Sport Medicine Clinic Recruiting London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7 Contact: Ryan M Degen, MD    519-661-2171    ryan.degen@lhsc.on.ca    Contact: Stacey Wanlin       swanlin@uwo.ca    Principal Investigator: Ryan M Degen, MD          Principal Investigator: Kevin Willits, MD Less <<
NCT03472469 Nonspecific Pain Post Traumati... More >>c Injury Less << Phase 4 Enrolling by invitation October 1, 2019 United States, Texas ... More >> The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston, Texas, United States, 77030 Less <<
NCT02139046 Gout Phase 3 Completed - -
NCT02929589 Pain Hernia Phase 3 Recruiting April 2020 United States, Nevada ... More >> Mike O'Callaghan Federal Medical Center Recruiting Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada, United States, 89191 Contact: Jill M Clark, MBA/HCM    702-653-3298    jill.m.clark15.ctr@mail.mil    Principal Investigator: William Scott, DO Less <<
NCT01071317 Migraine Phase 4 Completed - United States, New York ... More >> Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, New York, United States, 10467 Less <<
NCT01071317 - Completed - -
NCT01982799 Odontalgia Not Applicable Withdrawn(Not enough funding) - United States, Minnesota ... More >> University of Minnesota School of Dentistry Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, 55455 Less <<
NCT02293681 - Terminated(The project was sto... More >>pped by 31-May-2017 because of internal owner decision from out of balance enrollment from two groups.) Less << - China ... More >> Beijing, China Changsha, China Chengdu, China Guangzhou, China Shanghai, China Xi'An, China Xian, China Less <<
NCT02522130 IUD Insertion Complication Not Applicable Unknown December 2016 Egypt ... More >> Menoufia University Recruiting Shebin Elkom, Egypt Contact: nabih elkholy, MD    00201060868443       Saudi Arabia Alhayah national hospital Recruiting Abha, Saudi Arabia Contact: mohamed maher    +966558198655       Contact: tarek sayyed          Principal Investigator: mohamed maher Less <<
NCT01339156 Acute Dental Pain Phase 1 Terminated - -
NCT00913627 Pain Phase 2 Completed - United States, Utah ... More >> Jean Brown Research Center Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, 84124 Less <<
NCT02128490 - Completed - -
NCT00114049 Dental Pain S... More >>urgery, Dental Less << Phase 3 Completed - United States, Texas ... More >> GSK Investigational Site Austin, Texas, United States, 78703 Less <<
NCT01417130 - Unknown August 2012 United States, Arizona ... More >> Banner Sun Health Research Institute Sun City, Arizona, United States, 85351 United States, Florida The Roskamp Institute Sarasota, Florida, United States, 34243 United States, Maryland The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21205 United States, Massachusetts Boston University School of Medicine Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02118 United States, New York Monroe Community Hospital Rochester, New York, United States, 14620 United States, Washington Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System Seattle, Washington, United States, 98108 Less <<
NCT02528188 Chronic Pain ... More >>Osteoarthritis, Hip Osteoarthritis, Knee Less << Phase 3 Active, not recruiting February 2019 -
NCT00261586 Analgesics Phase 4 Completed - -
NCT02643719 Migraine Not Applicable Withdrawn(Study team missed co... More >>ntinuing review and study lapsed with out recruiting any subjects.) Less << - -
NCT01343303 Osteoarthritis, Knee Phase 1 Completed - South Africa ... More >> George, South Africa Less <<
NCT00913627 - Completed - -
NCT00674856 Renal Failure Phase 1 Completed - United States, Florida ... More >> Orlando, Florida, United States United States, Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States St. Paul, Minnesota, United States Less <<
NCT00826462 Tennis Elbow ... More >>Epicondylitis, Lateral Humeral Less << Phase 4 Completed - Norway ... More >> Grålum legesenter Sarpsborg, Norway, 1712 Less <<
NCT00442208 Healthy Phase 1 Completed - United States, North Carolina ... More >> Pozen Inc. Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States, 27517 Less <<
NCT00447486 Osteoarthritis, Knee Phase 2 Completed - Denmark ... More >> GSK Investigational Site Hvidovre, Denmark, 2650 GSK Investigational Site Odense C, Denmark, 5000 Germany GSK Investigational Site Muenchen, Bayern, Germany, 80333 GSK Investigational Site Essen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany, 45359 GSK Investigational Site Koeln, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany, 51069 GSK Investigational Site Leipzg, Sachsen, Germany, 04109 GSK Investigational Site Schmiedeberg, Sachsen, Germany, 01762 GSK Investigational Site Berlin, Germany, 10559 GSK Investigational Site Berlin, Germany, 10787 GSK Investigational Site Berlin, Germany, 12051 GSK Investigational Site Hamburg, Germany, 20249 Spain GSK Investigational Site Centelles, Spain GSK Investigational Site La Coruña, Spain, 15006 GSK Investigational Site Madrid, Spain, 28046 GSK Investigational Site Petrer/Alicante, Spain GSK Investigational Site Santiago de Compostela, Spain, 15706 Sweden GSK Investigational Site Göteborg, Sweden, SE-412 55 GSK Investigational Site Göteborg, Sweden, SE-416 85 GSK Investigational Site Helsingborg, Sweden, SE-252 78 GSK Investigational Site Höllviken, Sweden, SE-236 51 GSK Investigational Site Stocholm, Sweden, SE-17176 GSK Investigational Site Upplands Väsby, Sweden, SE-194 89 Less <<
NCT02604550 Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rec... More >>onstruction Less << Phase 4 Completed - United States, Georgia ... More >> Emory Healthcare Orthopaedics and Spine Center Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30329 Less <<
NCT02108548 Pharmacokinetics of ASP7657 ... More >> Pharmacodynamics of ASP7657 Healthy Subjects Less << Phase 1 Terminated(Gastrointestinal sa... More >>fety findings) Less << - United Kingdom ... More >> Parexel Early Phase Clinical Unit Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom, HA1 3UJ Less <<
NCT01442428 Immune Reconstitution Inflamma... More >>tory Syndrome Immune Reconstitution Syndrome Tuberculosis HIV-infection/Aids Less << Phase 2 Phase 3 Withdrawn(2011 Thailand floodi... More >>ng led to loss of GMP pharmacy, project delays, and further regulatory challenges.) Less << June 2016 Thailand ... More >> Ramathibodi Hospital Bangkok, Thailand Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai, Thailand Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute Nonthaburi, Thailand Less <<
NCT02604550 - Completed - -
NCT00433732 Migraine Headaches Phase 3 Completed - United States, Arkansas ... More >> Little Rock Family Practice Clinic Little Rock, Arkansas, United States, 72205 United States, North Carolina Pozen, Inc. Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States, 27517 Less <<
NCT02307305 Neuropathic Pain Phase 2 Unknown December 2016 Korea, Republic of ... More >> Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hanyang University, College of Medicine Recruiting Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 133-792 Contact: Jinkyu Lee    +82-10-9582-7004    gaia-silver@hanmail.net Less <<
NCT02500641 Gout Phase 4 Completed - Germany ... More >> Dresden, Germany Italy Avezzano, Italy Bologna, Italy Brescia, Italy Chieti, Italy Coppito, Italy Netherlands Reade Amsterdam, Netherlands Poland Gdansk, Poland Grudziadz, Poland Katowice, Poland Krakow, Poland Lodz, Poland Warsaw, Poland Zgierz, Poland Romania Bucharest, Romania Craiova, Romania Timisoara, Romania Serbia Belgrade, Serbia Less <<
NCT01374269 Back Pain Lower Back Phase 4 Completed - Colombia ... More >> Clínica de Las Américas Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia Ips Universitaria Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia Less <<
NCT02268305 Low Back Pain Phase 3 Completed - United States, Nevada ... More >> Mike O'Callaghan Federal Medical Center Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada, United States, 89191 Less <<
NCT01688193 - Completed - Korea, Republic of ... More >> Seoul University Hospital Seoul, Korea, Republic of Less <<
NCT01688934 Osteoarthritis, Knee ... More >> Pain Less << Phase 2 Completed - United States, Arizona ... More >> Genova Clinical Research, Inc. Tucson, Arizona, United States, 85704 United States, Florida Orthopedic Research Institute Boynton Beach, Florida, United States, 33472 Avail Clinical Research, LLC Deland, Florida, United States, 32720 Westside Center for Clinical Research Jacksonville, Florida, United States, 32205 Jacksonville Center for Clinical Research Jacksonville, Florida, United States, 32216 Health Awareness, Inc. Jupiter, Florida, United States, 33458 Compass Research, LLC Orlando, Florida, United States, 32806 Compass Research East, LLC Oviedo, Florida, United States, 32765 United States, Indiana Northwest Indiana Center for Clinical Research Valparaiso, Indiana, United States, 46383 United States, Massachusetts Analgesic Solutions Natick, Massachusetts, United States, 01760 United States, Michigan Great Lakes Research Group, Inc. Bay City, Michigan, United States, 48706 United States, North Carolina PMG Research of Charlotte, LLC. Charlotte, North Carolina, United States, 28209 PMG Research of Raleigh, LLC Raleigh, North Carolina, United States, 27609 Wake Research Associates, LLC Raleigh, North Carolina, United States, 27612 United States, Oklahoma LION Research Norman, Oklahoma, United States, 73069 United States, Pennsylvania Altoona Center for Clinical Research Duncansville, Pennsylvania, United States, 16635 Clinical Research Center of Reading, LLP Wyomissing, Pennsylvania, United States, 19610 United States, Tennessee PMG Research of Bristol Bristol, Tennessee, United States, 37620 Less <<
NCT01374269 - Completed - -
NCT00442221 Migraine Headaches Phase 3 Completed - United States, North Carolina ... More >> POZEN Inc. Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States, 27517 Headache Wellness Center Greensboro, North Carolina, United States, 27401 Less <<
NCT01178203 Pulpitis Pain... More >> Management Less << Phase 1 Phase 2 Completed - -
NCT01154790 Healthy Phase 1 Completed - Korea, Republic of ... More >> Asan Medical Center Seoul, Korea, Republic of Less <<
NCT02847702 Osteoarthritis Pain of the Kne... More >>e Less << Phase 2 Terminated(Company decision) - -
NCT03570554 Osteoarthritis, Knee Phase 2 Recruiting March 24, 2019 United States, Arizona ... More >> Radiant Research, Inc. Recruiting Chandler, Arizona, United States, 85224 United States, Florida Radiant Research, Inc. Recruiting Pinellas Park, Florida, United States, 33781 United States, Illinois Radiant Research, Inc. Recruiting Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60602 United States, Ohio Radiant Research, Inc. Recruiting Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, 45236 United States, Texas Radiant Research, Inc. Recruiting San Antonio, Texas, United States, 78229 Less <<
NCT01112553 - Terminated(Study was closed du... More >>e to low enrollment numbers.) Less << - United States, Massachusetts ... More >> Neuroimaging Center, McLean Hospital Belmont, Massachusetts, United States, 02478 Less <<
NCT01086358 Workplace Migraine Treatment Phase 4 Completed - United States, Ohio ... More >> Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, C-21 Cleveland, Ohio, United States, 44195 Less <<
NCT01329562 - Completed - -
NCT01086358 - Completed - -
NCT00418782 Osteoarthritis Phase 2 Terminated(Results of interim ... More >>analysis indicate lack of efficacy when compared to placebo.) Less << - -
NCT00981357 Osteoarthritis, Knee Phase 2 Completed - United States, Florida ... More >> Arthritis & Rheumatic Care Center Miami, Florida, United States, 33143 Miami Research Associates Miami, Florida, United States, 33143 United States, Kansas Vince and Associates Clinical Research Overland Park, Kansas, United States, 66211 Vince and Associates Clinical Research Overland Park, Kansas, United States, 66212 United States, Texas CEDRA Clinical Research, LLC San Antonio, Texas, United States, 78217 Canada, Quebec Diex Research Inc. Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada, J1H 1Z1 Sweden Centrum for klinisk provning Goteborg, Sweden, 405 30 Less <<
NCT01107236 Healthy Phase 2 Completed - United States, Utah ... More >> Ironwood Investigational Site Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, 84124 Less <<
NCT00007189 Alzheimer Disease Phase 3 Completed - United States, Arizona ... More >> Sun Health Research Institute Sun City, Arizona, United States, 85351 United States, Florida Roskamp Institute Memory Clinic, 10770 N. 46th Street Tampa, Florida, United States, 33617 United States, Maryland Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21287 United States, Massachusetts Boston University School of Medicine Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02118 United States, New York University of Rochester Rochester, New York, United States, 14620 United States, Washington Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington Seattle, Washington, United States, 98108 Less <<
NCT02986334 Chronic Low Back Pain Phase 4 Unknown September 2018 United States, Illinois ... More >> Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Recruiting Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60611 Contact: Taha B Abdullah, M.S.    312-451-8468    taha.abdullah1@northwestern.edu Less <<
NCT02202512 Healthy Phase 1 Completed - Germany ... More >> 1333.43.1 Boehringer Ingelheim Investigational Site Berlin, Germany Less <<
NCT00837044 Migraine Headache ... More >> Cognitive Impairment Less << Not Applicable Unknown September 2009 United States, Vermont ... More >> The Neurological Research center, Inc Recruiting Bennington, Vermont, United States, 05201` Principal Investigator: Keith R Edwards, MD Less <<
NCT00893737 Migraine Phase 4 Completed - United States, California ... More >> San Francisco Clinical Research Center San Francisco, California, United States, 94109 United States, Michigan Westside Family Medical Center Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States, 49009 United States, Missouri Clinvest Springfield, Missouri, United States, 65807 Mercy Health Research/Ryan Headache Center St. Louis, Missouri, United States, 63141 United States, New York Island Neurological Associates, PC Plainview, New York, United States, 11803 United States, Pennsylvania Preferred Primary Care Physicians Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, 15236 United States, Tennessee Wesley Headache Clinic and Research Center Cordova, Tennessee, United States, 38018 United States, Texas Texas Headache Associates San Antonio, Texas, United States, 78258 Less <<
NCT01329562 Menstrual Migraine Phase 4 Completed - United States, Missouri ... More >> Clinvest Springfield, Missouri, United States, 65807 United States, Ohio University Internal Medicine Associates, Inc. Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, 45267-0535 Less <<
NCT02355236 Osteoarthritis Phase 4 Unknown December 2015 Korea, Republic of ... More >> Hallym University Medical Center Not yet recruiting Anyang-si, Korea, Republic of Principal Investigator: Moon-Soo Park, M.D.          Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital Not yet recruiting Goyang-si, Korea, Republic of Principal Investigator: Jin-Hwan Kim, M.D.          Seoul National University Bundang Hospital Not yet recruiting Seongnam-si, Korea, Republic of Principal Investigator: Ho-Joong Kim, M.D.          Asan Medical Center Not yet recruiting Seoul, Korea, Republic of Principal Investigator: Ho-Seong Lee, M.D.          Ewha Womans University Medical Center Not yet recruiting Seoul, Korea, Republic of Principal Investigator: Sang-Jin Shin, M.D.          Gangnam Severance Hospital Not yet recruiting Seoul, Korea, Republic of Principal Investigator: Woo-Suk Lee, M.D.          Hanyang University Seoul Hospital Not yet recruiting Seoul, Korea, Republic of Principal Investigator: Chang-Nam Kang, M.D.          Seoul National University Hospital Not yet recruiting Seoul, Korea, Republic of Principal Investigator: Sang-Hoon Lee, M.D.          Seoul St. Mary's Hospital Not yet recruiting Seoul, Korea, Republic of Principal Investigator: Young-Hoon Kim, M.D.          Severance Hospital Recruiting Seoul, Korea, Republic of Principal Investigator: Seong-Hwan Moon, M.D. Less <<
NCT00626275 Rheumatoid Arthritis Phase 2 Completed - United States, Connecticut ... More >> New England Research Associates Trumbull, Connecticut, United States, 06611 United States, Florida Covance Clinical Research Unit Inc. Daytona Beach, Florida, United States, 32117 United States, Maryland The Center for Rheumatology and Bone Research Wheaton, Maryland, United States, 20901 United States, Nebraska Heartland Clinical Research, Inc. Omaha, Nebraska, United States, 68134 United States, Nevada Advanced Biomedical Research of America Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, 89123 United States, New York Winthrop University Hospital, Clinical Trials Center Mineola, New York, United States, 11501 United States, Ohio University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Division of Rheumatology, Rheumatology Clinical Research Unit Beachwood, Ohio, United States, 44122 United States, Pennsylvania Altoona Center for Clinical Research Duncansville, Pennsylvania, United States, 16635-8406 Less <<
NCT00602901 Subacute Low Back Pain ... More >> Chronic Low Back Pain Less << Phase 2 Completed - United States, Iowa ... More >> Palmer Center for Chiropractic Research Davenport, Iowa, United States, 52803 The University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa, United States, 52242 Less <<
NCT00527904 Gastric Ulcer Phase 3 Completed - United States, North Carolina ... More >> POZEN Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States, 27519 Less <<
NCT00527904 - Completed - -
NCT00893737 - Completed - -
NCT02665286 Low Back Pain Phase 4 Completed - United States, New York ... More >> Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, New York, United States, 10467 Less <<
NCT01207115 Osteoarthritis of the Knee Phase 2 Completed - -
NCT02116790 Acute Pain Phase 2 Withdrawn January 2015 -
NCT01165307 Menorrhagia Phase 4 Completed - United States, Minnesota ... More >> Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota, United States, 55905 Less <<
NCT01165307 - Completed - -
NCT02712957 Pain Osteoart... More >>hritis of the Knee Less << Phase 2 Completed - Canada, Quebec ... More >> Diex Recherche Montreal Inc Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H2Y 1S1 Algorithme Pharma Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3P 3P1 Diex Recherche Sherbrooke Inc Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada, J1H 1Z1 Less <<
NCT00626275 - Completed - -
NCT02665286 - Completed - -
NCT03654326 Endometriosis-related Pain Phase 2 Recruiting October 22, 2019 -
NCT00819585 Gout Phase 2 Completed - -
NCT02484170 Neuralgia, Postherpetic Phase 1 Phase 2 Completed - Canada, British Columbia ... More >> Dr. Helene Bertrand Inc. North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V7M 2K2 Less <<
NCT03084536 Breast Cancer ... More >> Breast Cancer Female Cancer of Breast Less << Phase 2 Recruiting June 30, 2020 United States, Missouri ... More >> Washington University School of Medicine Recruiting Saint Louis, Missouri, United States, 63110 Contact: Ryan C Guffey, M.D.    314-286-2883    rguffey@wustl.edu    Principal Investigator: Ryan C Guffey, M.D.          Sub-Investigator: Mitchell E Fingerman, M.D.          Sub-Investigator: Erin Gibbons, M.D.          Sub-Investigator: Susan Ironstone, M.D.          Sub-Investigator: Arbi Ben Abdallah          Sub-Investigator: Rebecca L Aft, M.D.          Sub-Investigator: Amy E Cyr, M.D.          Sub-Investigator: Julie A Margenthaler, M.D.          Sub-Investigator: Simon Haroutounian, Ph.D., MSC          Sub-Investigator: Michael S Avidan, MBBCH Less <<
NCT03651804 Vertebral Compression Fracture... More >> Facet Joint Pain Less << Phase 4 Recruiting October 1, 2019 United States, California ... More >> UC Davis Medical Center Recruiting Davis, California, United States, 95817 Contact: Jaimish Gwalani, MD    510-386-7942    jgwalani@ucdavis.edu    Contact: Christopher Migdal, BS    4156728991    cwmigdal@ucdavis.edu Less <<
NCT01760954 Endometriosis Phase 3 Completed - -
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Protocol

Bio Calculators
Preparing Stock Solutions 1mg 5mg 10mg

1 mM

5 mM

10 mM

4.34mL

0.87mL

0.43mL

21.71mL

4.34mL

2.17mL

43.43mL

8.69mL

4.34mL

Dissolving Methods
Please choose the appropriate dissolution scheme according to your animal administration guide.For the following dissolution schemes, clear stock solution should be prepared according to in vitro experiments, and then cosolvent should be added in turn:

in order to ensure the reliability of the experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be properly preserved according to the storage conditions; The working fluid for in vivo experiment is recommended to be prepared now and used on the same day;

The percentage shown in front of the following solvent refers to the volume ratio of the solvent in the final solution; If precipitation or precipitation occurs in the preparation process, it can be assisted by heating and/or ultrasound.
Protocol 1
Protocol 2
The prepared working fluid is recommended to be prepared now and used up as soon as possible in a short period of time. The percentage shown in front of the following solvent refers to the volume ratio of the solvent in the final solution; If precipitation or precipitation occurs in the preparation process, it can be assisted by heating and/or ultrasound.
Protocol 1

References

 

Historical Records

Categories