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Ramirez, Eduardo ; Min, Sehong ; Ganegamage, Susantha K. , et al. Results Chem.,2023,5,100938. DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2023.100938 PubMed ID: 37346091
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Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial, chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by the presence of extracellular beta-amyloid (Abeta) plaques, intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), activated microglial cells, and an inflammatory state (involving reactive oxygen species production) in the brain. NFTs are comprised of misfolded and hyperphosphorylated forms of the microtubule-binding protein tau. Interestingly, the trimeric form of the 2N4R splice isoform of tau has been found to be more toxic than the trimeric 1N4R isoform in neuron precursor cells. Few drug discovery programs have focused on specific tau isoforms. The present drug discovery project is centered on the anti-aggregation effect of a series of seventeen 4- or 5-aminoindole carboxamides on the 2N4R isoform of tau. The selection of the best compounds was performed using alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn). The anti-oligomer and -fibril activities of newly synthesized aminoindole carboxamide derivatives were evaluated with biophys. methods, such as thioflavin T fluorescence assays, photo-induced crosslinking of unmodified proteins, and transmission electron microscopy. To evaluate the reduction of inclusions and cytoprotective effects, M17D neuroblastoma cells expressing inclusion-forming alpha-syn were treated with the best amide representatives. The 4-aminoindole carboxamide derivatives exhibited a better anti-fibrillar activity compared to their 5-aminoindole counterparts. The amide derivatives 2, 8, and 17 exerted anti-oligomer and anti-fibril activities on alpha-syn and the 2N4R isoform of tau. At a concentration of 40 μM, compound 8 reduced inclusion formation in M17D neuroblastoma cells expressing inclusion-prone alphaSynuclein3K::YFP. Our results demonstrate the potential of 4-aminoindole carboxamide derivatives with regard to inhibiting the oligomer formation of alpha-syn and tau (2N4R isoform) for further optimization prior to pre-clin. studies.
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; Amide ; Alpha-synuclein ; Fibril ; Oligomer
Purchased from AmBeed: 527-72-0 ; 5192-23-4 ; 586-38-9 ; 456-22-4 ; 5192-03-0 ; 6019-39-2 ; 153-78-6 ; 455-24-3 ; 182564-41-6 ; 708987-59-1
CAS No. : | 527-72-0 | MDL No. : | MFCD00005437 |
Formula : | C5H4O2S | Boiling Point : | - |
Linear Structure Formula : | - | InChI Key : | QERYCTSHXKAMIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
M.W : | 128.15 | Pubchem ID : | 10700 |
Synonyms : |
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Signal Word: | Warning | Class: | N/A |
Precautionary Statements: | P261-P305+P351+P338 | UN#: | N/A |
Hazard Statements: | H315-H319-H335 | Packing Group: | N/A |
GHS Pictogram: |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
69% | for 5 h; Heating / reflux | A solution of thiophene2-carboxylic acid (1.00 g, 7.8 mmol), diphenylphosphoryl azide (2.15 g, 7.80 mmol) and triethylamine (1.1 mL, 7.8 mmol) in tert-butanol (20 mL) was heated at reflux for 5 hours, at which time thin layer chromatography (DCM/Hexanes) indicates the reaction is complete. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, poured into water and extracted with diethyl ether (3.x.). The combined ether extracts were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and then concentrated to afford a beige solid. Purification by column chromatography (SiO2, DCM/Hexanes) afforded compound 113 as a white solid 1.07 g (69percent). 1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ 6.87(dd, 1H), 6.77 (m, 1H), 6.5 (dd, 1H), 1.46 (s, 9H). |
69% | for 5 h; Heating / reflux | Example 113; A solution of thiophene2-carboxylic acid (1.00 g, 7.8 mmol), diphenylphosphoryl azide (2.15 g, 7.80 mmol) and triethylamine (1.1 mL, 7.8 mmol) in tert-butanol (20 mL) was heated at reflux for 5 hours, at which time thin layer chromatography (DCM/Hexanes) indicates the reaction is complete. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, poured into water and extracted with diethyl ether (3.x.). The combined ether extracts were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and then concentrated to afford a beige solid. Purification by column chromatography (SiO2, DCM/Hexanes) afforded compound 113 as a white solid 1.07 g (69percent). 1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ 6.87 (dd, 1H), 6.77 (m, 1H), 6.5 (dd, 1H), 1.46 (s, 9H). |
50% | at 90℃; for 4 h; | To a solution of thiophenecarboxylic acid (0.5 g, 3.90 mmol) in tBuOH (10 ml) was added Et3N (0.571 ml, 4.10 mmol) and DPPA (0.883 ml, 4.10 mmol). The solution was heated at 90 °C for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to RT and the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was treated with benzene and then the solution was washed with 5percent citric acid, and sat'd NaHCO3. Solid was filtered off and the filtrate was washed with brine. The organic layer was dried (MgSO4), concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc/hexanes) to obtain tert-butyl thiophen-2-ylcarbamate (0.39 g, 50percent yield). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 10.4 (brs, 1H), 6.84 (dd, J = 1.6, and 5.2 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (dd, J = 4.0, and 5.6 Hz, 1H), 6.48 (dd, J= 1.6, and 4.0 Hz, 2H), 1.45 (s, 9H); MS (ESI) m/z: 222.0 (M+22+H+). |
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