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CAS No. : | 6374-91-0 | MDL No. : | MFCD00034382 |
Formula : | C8H3Br2NO2 | Boiling Point : | - |
Linear Structure Formula : | - | InChI Key : | QCTZEHIRXZGGSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
M.W : | 304.92 | Pubchem ID : | 1809920 |
Synonyms : |
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Signal Word: | Warning | Class: | N/A |
Precautionary Statements: | P261-P305+P351+P338 | UN#: | N/A |
Hazard Statements: | H302-H315-H319-H335 | Packing Group: | N/A |
GHS Pictogram: |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
70% | With bromine; acetic acid; at 70 - 80℃; for 1h; | In an Erlenmeyer flask, the isatin (1) 20 mmol (3.0 g)was solubilized in a mixture of acetic acid (70 mL)followed by addition of 47 mmol of bromine (7.5 g).The reaction mixture was heated at 70-80 C for 1 h.The progress of the reaction was monitored by thinlayer chromatography. After the total consumption ofthe starting material, the reaction medium was pouredonto ice and the precipitate formed was vacuum filtered.Subsequently the formed product was treated with 50 mLof 10 M HCl and redissolved.35 Orange solid; yield 70%;1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3 + DMSO-d6) δ 7.53 (s, 1H,H-6), 7.77 (s, 1H, H-4), 11.38 (s, 1H, NH); 13C NMR(100 MHz, CDCl3 + DMSO-d6) δ 106.55 (C), 115.60 (C),120.51 (C), 126.52 (CH), 142.23 (CH), 149.07 (C),159.19 (C), 183.02 (C); 13C NMR DEPT-135 (100 MHz,CDCl3 + DMSO-d6) δ 126.52 (CH), 142.23 (CH); IR (KBr)νmax / cm-1 3459, 3180, 3079, 1743, 1608, 1448, 1288, 873. |
66% | With bromine; In ethanol; at 75℃; for 0.5h;Cooling with ice; | The synthesis of 5,7-dibromoisatin was based on the method of Kumar et al., 2013. Isatin (9.0 g, 61.2 mmol, 1 equiv) was warmed in ethanol (95 %, 100 mL) with stirring until it dissolved. Bromine (3.0 equiv, 16.3 g, 183.6 mmol, 9.4 mL) was added dropwise to the stirred isatin solution while maintaining the temperature of the reaction mixture between 70 C and 75 C. The solution was cooled to room temperature and placed on ice for 30 min. The resulting precipitate was washed with water and cold ethanol and then recrystallized from ethanol to yield bright orange-red crystals of 5,7-dibromoisatin (66 %), m.p.248 - 250 (lit.248-250 C). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
60% | With nitrogen-doped carbon nanodots; In water monomer; at 20℃; for 24h; | General procedure: A 4 mL glass vial was charged with the appropriate isatin 5a-f (0.1 mmol, 1 equiv.), NCDs-1 (0.9% w/v, 3.6 mg), theappropriate ketone 1e-h (0.7 mmol, 7 equiv.) and milli-Q water (final concentration: 0.25 M). The resulting mixture wasstirred for the indicated time (generally 6 hours) at ambient temperature. The reaction crude was then extracted with ethylacetate and the organic phase was filtered through sodium sulfate. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and theresidue was purified by column chromatography (eluent: hexane/ethyl acetate) to give the corresponding α-functionalizedcarbonyl compounds 6a-i. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
87% | General procedure: A mixture of 7-bromoisatin (19) (250 mg, 1.11 mmol) and NaH (62.3 mg, 1.55 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (6 mL) and stirred at rt for 20 min before the addition of KI (37.2 mg, 222 μmol) and allyl bromide (295 mg, 211 μL, 2.44 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 60 C and stirred at this temperature for 18 h. After cooling, EtOAc (25 mL) was added and the resulting solution was extracted with 0.5 M HCl (25 mL), followed by brine (25 mL). The orange organic layer was dried over MgSO4 and the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation to yield a sticky red residue. The resulting solid was purified by flash chromatography (100% DCM) to yield 13 as orange crystals (236 mg, 81%). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With sodium hydroxide; In ethanol; water; at 20℃; for 2h; | General procedure: An aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (5%, 10mL) was added slowly to the stirring solution of isatin (1mmol) and appropriate aryl acetophenone (1mmol) in ethanol (20mL) in 100mL conical flask. The stirring was continued for 2h and the completion of reaction was monitored by TLC. The reaction on completion was poured onto ice, solid obtained after filtration was crystallized from ethanol. The physical data for the characteristic compound is shown below: |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid; In methanol; acetic acid; | Example 8 5,7-Dibromo-3-(5,7-di-tert-butyl-2-oxo-benzofuran-3-ylidene)-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one (Z/E mixture) 7.6 g (0.025 mol) of 5,7-dibromoisatin (prepared analogously to the method described in Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 55 (1990) 2963), 5.5 g (0.025 mol) of 7-tert-butyl-5-methoxy-3H-benzofuran-2-one and 0.25 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid are boiled in 25 ml of acetic acid under nitrogen for 17 hours. 40 ml of methanol are then added and the suspension obtained is cooled to 5 C. The precipitated solid is filtered off and the filter residue is washed with methanol and dried at 60 C. The yield is 11.9 g (94% of theory). Melting point: 232-256 C. C: calculated/found 54.06/54.35; H: calculated/found 4.35/4.22; N: calculated/found 2.63/2.57 |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Example 43; 5, 7-Dibromo-l-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-lH-indole-2, 3-dione (43); <n="59"/>A mixture of KI (113 mg, 0.68 mmol) and phenacyl bromide (68.0 nig, 0.34 mniol) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (0.5 mL) and stirred at -5 0C under nitrogen for 5 h, followed by cooling in a freezer at -18 C for 20 h.24 A mixture of the 5,7-dibromoisatin (103 mg, 0.34 mmol) and K2CO3 (47.0 mg, 0.34 mmol) or NaH (13.7 mg, 0.34 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (5 mL) and stirred under nitrogen at 4 0C for 3 h. This anion solution was added in portions (0.5 mL) to the phenacyl iodide maintained at -2 C such that each portion had reacted before the addition of the next portion (monitored by TLC). The yellow/brown reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 25 h but no change in colour intensity was observed after 2 h. To the resulting solution was added water (60 mL) and 1 M HCl (2 mL) to acidify to pH 1. The suspension was filtered and the precipitate washed with water. The resulting solid was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (DCM) to yield the title compound (13.5 mg, 9 %) as bright red/orange crystals, m.p. 173-175 0C, Rf 0.58 (silica, DCM). 1H NMR (500 MHz): δ 5.64 (s, 2H, Hl'), 7.54 (t, J = 7.5 Hz5 2H, H3", H5"), 7.67 (t, J= 7.5 Hz, IH, H4")5 7.75 (d, J= 2 Hz, IH, H4), 7.80 (d, J= 2 Hz, IH, H6), 8.00 (d, J= 7.5 Hz, 2H, H2", H6"). 13C NMR (126 MHz): δ 48.2, 105.4, 117.1, 121.3, 126.5, 127.6, 128.3% 129.1a, 134.4, 144.8, 146.9, 158.2, 180.8, 191.3. HREI-MS: m/z calcd for C16H9NO3 79Br81Br [M+]: 422.8929; found 422.8928. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
45% | With potassium iodide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 50℃; for 18h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
50% | With potassium iodide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 50℃; for 18h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
32% | Example 36; 5, 7-Dibromo-l-phenethyl-lH-indole-2,3-dione (36); A mixture of 5,7-dibromoisatin (200 mg, 0.66 mmol) and K2CO3 (128 mg, 0.92 mmol) or NaH (36.8 mg, 0.92 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (4 mL) and stirred under nitrogen at 4 0C for 3 h (or 20 min at RT for NaH) before the addition of KI (22.0 mg, 0.13 mmol) and (2-bromoethyl)benzene (270 mg, 0.2 mL, 1.46 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 50 C and stirred at this temperature for 18 h. To the resulting solution was added water (80 mL) and 1 M HCl (2 mL) to acidify to pH 1. The suspension was filtered and the precipitate washed with water. The resulting solid was purified by <n="56"/>flash chromatography on silica gel (CHCI3) to yield the title compound (86.3 mg, 32 %) as bright red crystals, m.p. 165-168 C, Rf 0.71 (silica, DCM). 1H NMR (500 MHz): δ 3.03 (t, J= 8 Hz, 2H, H2'), 4.39 (t, J= 8 Hz, 2H, Hl '), 7.30 (m, 5H, H2"- H6"), 7.69 (d, J= 1.5 Hz, IH, H4), 7.89 (d, J= 1.5 Hz, IH, H6). 13C NMR (126 MHz): δ 35.0, 42.4, 104.5, 116.6, 121.1, 126.7, 127.2, 128.4a, 128.6a, 136.7, 144.8, 146.4, 157.5, 181.1. HREI- MS: m/z calcd for Ci6HnNO279Br81Br [M+]: 406.9157; found 406.9166. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
5% | Example 45; 5, 7-Dibromo-l-[2-(4-bromophenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl]-lH-indole-2, 3-dione (45); <strong>[6374-91-0]5,7-Dibromoisatin</strong> (153 mg, 0.5 mmol) and NaH (20.0 mg, 0.5 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (1.25 mL) and stirred at RT under nitrogen for 20 min before the addition of freshly distilled trimethylsilyl chloride (81.0 mg, 0.095 mL, 1.5 mmol).26 The reaction mixture was heated at 50 0C and stirred at this temperature for 1 h before the addition of 4-bromophenacyl bromide (139 mg, 0.5 mmol) and further heating at 100 C for 1.5 h. Upon cooling, water (15 mL) was added, the suspension was filtered and the precipitate washed with hot water (90 0C) to yield a rust coloured compound. The product was recrystallized from glacial AcOH, filtered and washed with ice cold water to yield the title compound (11.2 mg, 5 %) as a light yellow powder, m.p. 184-186 C, Rf 0.65 (silica, DCM). 1H NMR (500 MHz): δ 5.60 (s, 2H, Hl '), 7.70 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H, H3", H5")5 7.76 (d, J= 2 Hz, IH, H4), 7.80 (d, J= 2 Hz, IH, H6), 7.87 (d, J= 8.5 Hz, 2H, H2", H6"). 13C NMR (126 MHz): δ 47.9, 105.3, 117.2, 121.3, 127.6, 129.6a, 129.8, 132.5a, 132.5, 144.7, 146.7, 158.1, 180.7, 190.4. HREI-MS: m/z calcd for C]6H8NO3 79Br81Br81Br [M+]: 502.8013; found 502.8007. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
62% | Example 41; 5, 7-Dibromo-l-(l-naphthylmefhyl)-lH-indole-2, 3-dione (41); <n="58"/>A mixture of 5,7-dibromoisatin (101 mg, 0.33 mmol) and NaH (18.0 mg, 0.46 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (2.5 mL) and stirred under nitrogen at RT for 20 min before the addition of KI (l l.O mg, 0.066 mmol) and 1 -chloromethylnaphthalene (128 mg, 0.11 mL, 0.73 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 60 C and stirred at this temperature for 19 h. After cooling, ethyl acetate (5O mL) was added and the resulting solution was extracted with 0.5 M HCl (50 mL) followed by brine (50 mL). The orange organic layer was dried over MgSO4 and the solvent was removed to yield a sticky red/orange residue. The resulting solid was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel [DCM:PS (3:2)] to yield the title compound (90.8 mg, 62 %) as dark red crystals, m.p. 218-219 0C5 Rf 0.35 (silica, DCM). 1H NMR (500 MHz): δ 5.81 (s, 2H, Hl'), 7.06 (d, J= 7 Hz, IH, H2"), 7.34 (t, J= 7.5 Hz5 IH, H3"), 7.53 (t, J= 7 Hz5 IH5 H6"), 7.58 (t, J= 7 Hz5 IH, H7"), 7.76 (m, 3H5 H4, H6, H4") 7.88 (d, J= 8.5 Hz, IH, H5"), 7.93 (d5 J= 8.5 Hz5 IH5 H8"). 13C NMR (126 MHz): 5 42.8, 105.5, 117.1, 121.3, 121.4, 122.I5 125.3, 126.0, 126.6, 127.5, 128.0, 129.0, 129.8, 130.7, 133.8, 145.3, 146.8, 158.1, 181.2. HREI-MS: m/z calcd for C19HnNO279Br81Br [M+]: 444.9136; found 444.9131. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
45% | General Method I: N-Alkylation oflsatins; Alkylation of the isatins was carried out using a general method based on that of Torres (Garden, S. J.; Torres, J. C; da Silva, L. E.; Pinto, A. C. Synth. Commun. 1998, 28, 1679- 1689). The appropriate isatin (1 equiv) was taken up in anhydrous DMF (~ 1 mL per 0.1 mmol of isatin) and cooled on ice with stirring. Solid K2CO3 (1.4 equiv) or Cs2CO3 (1.4 equiv.) was added in one portion and the dark-coloured suspension was brought to rt and stirred for a further 2 h. The appropriate alkylating agent, typically a halide such as a benzyl halide (1.1 equiv.) and KI (0.2 equiv.) were added and the reaction mixture stirred at 80 C for 5 - 16 h, until all the isatin starting material had been consumed (tic). The reaction mixture was tipped into HCl (0.5 M) and extracted with ethyl acetate (1 x 50 mL). The ethyl acetate layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO4. The solvent was removed and the crude product was purified using flash column chromatography with isocratic elution with DCM unless otherwise stated.; Example 1; N-allyl-5, 7-dibromoisatin (1); The product was a bright red solid (102 mg, 45%), mp 103 - 105 C, Rf 0.45 (DCM, silica). 1H NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz) δ 4.79 (d, J= 5 Hz, 2H, CH2), 5.23 (d, J= 17 Hz, IH,f <n="42"/>CEcisHtrms), 5.26 (d, J= IO Hz, IH, CNo.efeHtrans), 5.96 (ddt, J= 5, 10, 17 Hz, IH, CH), 7.70 (d, J = 2 Hz, IH, H4), 7.86 (d, J = 2 Hz, IH, H6). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 126 MHz) δ 43.1, 104.9, 116.8, 117.6, 121.1, 127.3, 131.4, 145.1, 146.6, 157.7, 181.2. LREI-MS m/z 343/345/347 ([M]+/([M+2]+/[M+4]+) (Garden, S. J.; Torres, J. C; da Silva, L. E.; Pinto, A. C. Synth Commun. 1998, 28, 1679-1689). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
43% | Example 49; Synthesis of 5, 7-Dibromo-N-[4 '-(tributylstannyl)benzyl]isatin (49); <n="62"/><strong>[6374-91-0]5,7-Dibromoisatin</strong> (100 mg, 0.33 mmol) and K2CO3 (63 mg, 0.46 mmol) were suspended in dry DMF (5 mL) and the mixture stirred at 0-5 0C for 30 min. 4-(Tributylstannyl)benzyl chloride (150 mg, 0.36 mmol) and KI (11 mg, 0.07 mmol) were added and the suspension stirred at 80 C for 16 h. The reaction mixture was poured into HCl (0.5 M, 25 mL) and then extracted with ethyl acetate (1 x 25 mL) and the ethyl acetate layer washed with brine and dried over MgSO4, The solvent was removed and the residue was purified using flash column chromatography, eluting with 1 : 1 DCM/pet spirit. The product was a bright red semi-solid that solidified on standing (97 mg, 43%), mp 111 - 113 0C, Rf 0.39 (1 :1 DCM/pet spirit, silica). 1H NMR D 0.87 (t, J = 7 Hz, 9H, H4"), 1.03 (m, 6H, Hl"), 1.31 (m, 6H, H3"), 1.52 (m, 6H, H2"), 5.39 (s, 2H, Hl '), 7.19 (d, J= 8 Hz5 2H, H3'), 7.41 (d, J = 8 Hz, 2H, H4'), 7.71 (d, J= 2 Hz, IH, H4), 7.81 (d, J= 2 Hz, IH3 H6). A minor signal at D7.41 (dd, J= 8, 37 Hz, H4') due to coupling of H4' with Sn was also observed. 13C NMR δ 9.6 (Cl"), 13.6 (C4"), 27.3 (C3"), 29.0 (C2"), 44.7 (Cl'), 105.3, 117.1, 121.4, 125.9 (C3'), 127.5, 135.2, 136.9 (C4'), 141.6, 145.3, 146.8, 158.3 (C2), 181.3 (C3). LREI-MS m/z 570 ([M-C8H18]+); HREI-MS m/z calcd for [M]+ C27H3581Br2NO2118Sn: 685.001, found: 685.000. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With sodium hydroxide; In ethanol; water; at 20℃; for 2h; | General procedure: An aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (5%, 10mL) was added slowly to the stirring solution of isatin (1mmol) and appropriate aryl acetophenone (1mmol) in ethanol (20mL) in 100mL conical flask. The stirring was continued for 2h and the completion of reaction was monitored by TLC. The reaction on completion was poured onto ice, solid obtained after filtration was crystallized from ethanol. The physical data for the characteristic compound is shown below: |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
General procedure: The organocatalyst 2 (7 mg, 0.03mmol)) was stirred in 1 mL acetone and 2 mL THF for 10 min at-35 C. The corresponding isatin 7a(0.3 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 48 h. Then acetone was removed under reduced pressure and the mixture was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether / ethyl acetate (2:1)). (S)-5,7-Dibromo-3-hydroxy-3-(2-oxopropyl)indolin-2-one(Table 4, entry 10)2; [α]D25= -7.8 (c0.26 in MeOH, 51%ee). IR (film):n= 3271, 2924, 1729, 1616, 1461 cm-1.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3+DMSO):δ= 9.58(s, 1H) 7.26-7.24 (m, 1H), 7.12-7.10 (m, 1H), 5.77 (s, 1H), 3.05-2.93(m, 2H), 1.89 (s, 3H) ppm.Theeewas determined by HPLC (Chiralpak AD-H column, hexane/i-PrOH 80:20, flow rate 1 mL/min; tR(major) = 8.0 min; tR(minor) = 9.2 min,λ= 254 nm). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
General procedure: To a solution of isatin 1 (1 mmol) in THF (2 mL) was added La(OTf)3 (5 mol %). The mixture was cooled to -78 C and stirred at this temperature for 15 min. Then the solution of 2-(trimethylsilyloxy)furan 2 (1.5 mmol) in THF (1 mL) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at -78 C for 2 h. Later the mixture was brought to 20 C and stirred for additional 0.5-1.5 h (Table 1). The reaction was monitored by TLC. After the completion of the reaction it was diluted with tetrahydrofuran (2.0 mL) and quenched with 10% aqueous HCl (1.0 mL). The mixture was stirred for 0.25 h at room temperature, neutralized by the addition of a saturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution, and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×5 mL). The combined organic layer washed with brine solution, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated under reduced pressure (rotary evaporator). The crude products were purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate/hexanes). The inseparable diastereomers threo/erythro ratio of the product was determined by 1H NMR analysis of the crude reaction mixture. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
75% | General procedure: 5,7-dibromoisatin 2 (1 g, 3.28 mmol) was taken up in anhydrous DMF (30 mL) and cooled on ice with stirring. Solid K2CO3 (544 mg, 3.94 mmol) was added in one portion, and the dark colored suspension was brought to room temperature and stirred for a further 1 h. 1-Bromo-3-chloropropane (620 mg, 3.94 mmol, 0.387 mL) was added slowly with constant stirring and the reaction mixture was stirred at 80 C for 4-8 h, until the 5,7-dibromoisatin starting material had been consumed (TLC). The reaction mixture was poured into HCl (0.5 M, 50 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 50 mL). The ethyl acetate layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO4. The solvent was removed, and the crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CH2Cl2 as eluent) to give pure 3 (0.93 g, 74%) as orange red crystals. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
75% | General procedure: 5,7-dibromoisatin 2 (1 g, 3.28 mmol) was taken up in anhydrous DMF (30 mL) and cooled on ice with stirring. Solid K2CO3 (544 mg, 3.94 mmol) was added in one portion, and the dark colored suspension was brought to room temperature and stirred for a further 1 h. 1-Bromo-3-chloropropane (620 mg, 3.94 mmol, 0.387 mL) was added slowly with constant stirring and the reaction mixture was stirred at 80 C for 4-8 h, until the 5,7-dibromoisatin starting material had been consumed (TLC). The reaction mixture was poured into HCl (0.5 M, 50 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 50 mL). The ethyl acetate layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO4. The solvent was removed, and the crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CH2Cl2 as eluent) to give pure 3 (0.93 g, 74%) as orange red crystals. | |
General procedure: Initially, mono (5 or 7) or di-substituted (5,7) or unsubstitutedisatins 1(ael) (10 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous DMF (30 mL)and cooled on ice with stirring. Solid dry K2CO3 (11 mmol) wasadded in one portion, and the dark-colored suspensionwas broughtto room temperature and stirred for a further 1 h. 1,4-bis(bromomethyl)benzene (40 mmol) was added slowly withconstant stirring until the mono or di-substituted isatin startingmaterial had been consumed (TLC). The reaction mixture waspoured into cold water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The ethylacetate layer was washed with water, brine, and dried over MgSO4.The solvent was removed, and the crude product was purified bysilica gel column chromatography using (hexanes/EtOAc, 80:20) aseluent to yield the key intermediates (-N-(p-bromomethyl benzyl)isatins 2(ael) (yield 75-80%) as orange-red crystals. | ||
5,7-dibromoisatin (10 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (30 mL) and cooled on ice with stirring. Solid K2CO3 (11 mmol) was added and the dark-colored suspension was brought to room temperature and stirred for 1 hour. 1,4-bis(bromomethyl)benzene (40 mmol) was added slowly with constant stirring until the starting material had been consumed (monitored by TLC). The reaction mixture was poured into cold water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate layer was washed with water, brine and dried over MgSO4. The solvent was removed, and the crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography using (hexanes/ethyl acetate, 80:20) as the eluent to yield the intermediate 5,7-dibromo-1-(4- bromomethylbenzyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione as orange-red crystals. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
62% | General procedure: 5,7-dibromoisatin 2 (1 g, 3.28 mmol) was taken up in anhydrous DMF (30 mL) and cooled on ice with stirring. Solid K2CO3 (544 mg, 3.94 mmol) was added in one portion, and the dark colored suspension was brought to room temperature and stirred for a further 1 h. 1-Bromo-3-chloropropane (620 mg, 3.94 mmol, 0.387 mL) was added slowly with constant stirring and the reaction mixture was stirred at 80 C for 4-8 h, until the 5,7-dibromoisatin starting material had been consumed (TLC). The reaction mixture was poured into HCl (0.5 M, 50 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 50 mL). The ethyl acetate layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO4. The solvent was removed, and the crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CH2Cl2 as eluent) to give pure 3 (0.93 g, 74%) as orange red crystals. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
74% | 5,7-dibromoisatin 2 (1 g, 3.28 mmol) was taken up in anhydrous DMF (30 mL) and cooled on ice with stirring. Solid K2CO3 (544 mg, 3.94 mmol) was added in one portion, and the dark colored suspension was brought to room temperature and stirred for a further 1 h. 1-Bromo-3-chloropropane (620 mg, 3.94 mmol, 0.387 mL) was added slowly with constant stirring and the reaction mixture was stirred at 80 C for 4-8 h, until the 5,7-dibromoisatin starting material had been consumed (TLC). The reaction mixture was poured into HCl (0.5 M, 50 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 50 mL). The ethyl acetate layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO4. The solvent was removed, and the crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CH2Cl2 as eluent) to give pure 3 (0.93 g, 74%) as orange red crystals, mp 130-132 C. 1H NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz) δ 2.24-2.39 (m, 2H, H2’), 3.50(t, 1H, J = 6.5 Hz, H3’), 3.67 (t, 1H, J = 6.5 Hz, H3’), 4.31-4.36 (m, 2H, H1’), 7.72 (d, J = 2 Hz, 1H, isatin ArH), 7.91 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H, isatin ArH). HRMS (EI) M+ calcd for C11H8O2N179Br235Cl1, 378.8605; found, 378.8609. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
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72% | General procedure: 5,7-dibromoisatin 2 (1 g, 3.28 mmol) was taken up in anhydrous DMF (30 mL) and cooled on ice with stirring. Solid K2CO3 (544 mg, 3.94 mmol) was added in one portion, and the dark colored suspension was brought to room temperature and stirred for a further 1 h. 1-Bromo-3-chloropropane (620 mg, 3.94 mmol, 0.387 mL) was added slowly with constant stirring and the reaction mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 4-8 h, until the 5,7-dibromoisatin starting material had been consumed (TLC). The reaction mixture was poured into HCl (0.5 M, 50 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 .x. 50 mL). The ethyl acetate layer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO4. The solvent was removed, and the crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CH2Cl2 as eluent) to give pure 3 (0.93 g, 74percent) as orange red crystals. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
77% | With 1,4-diaza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane; at 20℃; for 0.075h;Neat (no solvent); | General procedure: To a solution of isatin 1 (1 mmol), nitromethane/nitroethane (3 mmol) was added DABCO (5 mol %). The mixture was stirred at rt this temperature for 1-5 min. The reaction was monitered by TLC. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 5 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine solution, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated under reduced pressure (rotary evaporator). The crude products were purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate/hexanes: 30:70). All novel compounds were characterized by M.P., NMR, Mass and IR spectral data. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
79% | With acetic acid; In ethanol; for 0.166667h;Microwave irradiation; | General procedure: A suspension mixture of N-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl)thiosemicarbazide 2 (2mmol, 0.84g) and appropriate substituted isatin 3a-l (2mmol) and glacial acetic acid (0.02mL) in absolute ethanol was microwave irradiated for 5-15min (depending on substituents on benzene ring of isatins). After irradiating for 1-3min, the suspension mixture became a clear solution. The irradiation was continued in a given time. At the end of reaction process, the precipitate appeared. Upon completion, monitored by TLC, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature; the color precipitate was filtered with suction. The crude product was recrystallized from 96% ethanol or mixture of toluene-96% ethanol (2:1 in volume) to afford the title compounds of substituted isatin N-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl) thiosemicarbazones 4a-l. The spectral (FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and ESI-MS or EI-HRMS) data are in good agreement with their structures. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
69.8% | With triethylamine; In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 20℃; for 0.5h; | General procedure: For compound 3, arenesulfenyl chloride (5 mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of isatin or isatin derivatives (5 mmol) and triethylamine (5 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, 5 mL) at room temperature. Stirring was continued for an additional 30 min and then the mixture was poured into ice water (20 mL). The yellow precipitates were collected by filtration and recrystallized from ethanol to give pure 3a-3m. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
72.5% | With triethylamine; In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 20℃; for 0.5h; | General procedure: For compound 3, arenesulfenyl chloride (5 mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of isatin or isatin derivatives (5 mmol) and triethylamine (5 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, 5 mL) at room temperature. Stirring was continued for an additional 30 min and then the mixture was poured into ice water (20 mL). The yellow precipitates were collected by filtration and recrystallized from ethanol to give pure 3a-3m. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
91% | General procedure: L-Proline (30 mol %)was added to astirred mixture of 2-hy- droxy-1,4 -naphthoquino ne (1) (1mmol)and 1,2-diami ne 2 (1 mmol)in EtOH (10mL)and the mixture refluxedfor 30 min. Then, dialkyl malonate 3 (1 mmol)and the cyclic ketone 4-7 (1 mmol)were added to the mixture,which was refluxedfor the appropriate amount of time (see Table 3). The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC using EtOAc/ n-hexane (1:3) as eluent. The mixture was cooled to rt and allowed to stand at 25 C for 1h.During this time,crystals of the product were formed and collected by filtration.To obtain the pure product, the crystals were washed with EtOH and Et 2O (2 20 mL) and then dried. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
51% | With methanol; for 10h;Reflux; | General procedure: To a solution of the appropriate indoline-2,3-dione 4a-l (1 mmol) in methanol (20 mL) was added 4-phenylpiperazine-1-carbothiohydrazide 3a (0.24 g, 1 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at relux for 10 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and the precipitate was collected by filtration, dried in air. The crude product was purified by recrystallization from the appropriate solvent to give compounds 5a-l. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
75% | at 60℃; for 7h;Green chemistry; | General procedure: a mixture of isatin (147 mg, 1 mmol) and2,6-dimethylpyridine (321 mg, 3 mmol) was taken in 5 mL polyethyleneglycol-400. The resulting mixture was allowed to stir at 60 C for 5.0 h. Aftercompletion of the reaction, as monitored by TLC, the reaction mixture waspoured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer wasremoved under reduced pressure, and the crude product was purified bycolumn chromatography on silica gel using ethyl acetate:hexane mixture (3:7)as eluent to yield (208 mg 82%) the desired product 3l |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With triethylamine; In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 70℃; | General procedure: 0.31 g (1.1 mmol) of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl acetate 14 and 0.03 mL of triethyl-amine were added to a continuously stirred solution of the isatin derivative 1-13 (1 mmol) in DMF. The reaction was performed at 70, completion of the reaction of the reactants was determined by TLC. After cooling to ambient, the reaction mixture was poured into a brine. The obtained precipitate was filtered off, washed with water, and dried in vacuum (12 mmHg). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
91% | In ethanol; for 3h;Reflux; | General procedure: Spirooxindole Derivatives 4a-r; General ProcedureA mixture of tetramic acid 1a (1 mmol), isatin 2 (1 mmol), andmalononitrile (3; 1 mmol) in EtOH (2 mL) was stirred at reflux for3 h. When the reaction was complete (TLC), the mixture was cooledto r.t. The precipitated product was collected by filtration andwashed successively with H2O and cold EtOH. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With sodium hydroxide; In ethanol; water; at 20℃; for 2h; | General procedure: An aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (5%, 10mL) was added slowly to the stirring solution of isatin (1mmol) and appropriate aryl acetophenone (1mmol) in ethanol (20mL) in 100mL conical flask. The stirring was continued for 2h and the completion of reaction was monitored by TLC. The reaction on completion was poured onto ice, solid obtained after filtration was crystallized from ethanol. The physical data for the characteristic compound is shown below: |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With sodium hydroxide; In ethanol; water; at 20℃; for 2h; | General procedure: An aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (5%, 10mL) was added slowly to the stirring solution of isatin (1mmol) and appropriate aryl acetophenone (1mmol) in ethanol (20mL) in 100mL conical flask. The stirring was continued for 2h and the completion of reaction was monitored by TLC. The reaction on completion was poured onto ice, solid obtained after filtration was crystallized from ethanol. The physical data for the characteristic compound is shown below: |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With sodium hydroxide; In ethanol; water; at 20℃; for 2h; | General procedure: An aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (5%, 10mL) was added slowly to the stirring solution of isatin (1mmol) and appropriate aryl acetophenone (1mmol) in ethanol (20mL) in 100mL conical flask. The stirring was continued for 2h and the completion of reaction was monitored by TLC. The reaction on completion was poured onto ice, solid obtained after filtration was crystallized from ethanol. The physical data for the characteristic compound is shown below: |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
83% | With acetic acid; In ethanol; water;Reflux; | General procedure: The chemical synthesis route of the target IBT compounds is illustrated in Scheme 1. The IBTs 3 were synthesized by the reaction of isatin 1 and N-phenylhydrazinecarbothioamide 2 in an aqueous solution of ethanol and acetic acid under reflux [22,23]. Generally, equivalent 1 and 2 was dissolved in a solution of acetic acid/water/alcohol solution, and then the mixture was refluxed for approximate 5-6 h. The reaction mixture was subsequently cooled to room temperature and in most cases a yellow or orange solid precipitated out. This precipitate was filtered, washed with water, and then dried to give a crude product. Recrystallization from ethanol gave pure solid in high yields. 4.2.9 (Z)-2-(5,7-Dibromo-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-N-(4-fluorophenyl)hydrazinecarbo thioamide (3-9) Yield 83%; m.p.: 264-265 C; yellow solid; 1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 300 MHz), δ 12.56 (s, 1H, NNH), 11.70 (s, 1H, NH), 10.95 (s, 1H, SCNH), 8.01 (s, 1H, isatin ArH), 7.82 (s, 1H, isatin ArH), 7.61-7.57 (m, 2H, ArH), 7.32-7.26 (m, 2H, ArH); Elemental analysis calculated for C15H9BrN4O5, C: 38.16, H: 1.92, N: 11.87, found C: 38.47, H: 2.12, N: 12.05; ESI-MS m/z: 472, [M - H]-. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
98% | With sulfonic acid-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (SAMSNs); In water; at 60℃; for 0.0833333h; | General procedure: A mixture of indole (2 mmol), isatin (1 mmol), SAMSNs (0.06 g), and water (3 ml) was stirred at 60 C for different periods of time as indicated in Table 4. After completion of the reaction (as monitored by TLC), the mixture was cooled to room temperature. The precipitated solid and the SAMSNs were filtered off and dissolved in acetone. After dissolution of the product, the solid catalyst was removed by filtration, and the resulting solution was evaporated under reduced pressure. The pure product was obtained by recrystallization from ethanol. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
In ethanol; at 20℃; | General procedure: A mixture of hydrzinecarboxylate 10 (0.13 g,1.0 mmol) and isatin 9 (1.0 mmol) inethyl alcohol (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 2-5 h and monitoredby TLC. After complete consumption of the starting compounds, resulting solidwas filtered off, washed with ethylalcoholand dried. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
91% | In ethanol; at 20℃; | General procedure: A mixture of hydrzinecarboxylate 10 (0.13 g,1.0 mmol) and isatin 9 (1.0 mmol) inethyl alcohol (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 2-5 h and monitoredby TLC. After complete consumption of the starting compounds, resulting solidwas filtered off, washed with ethylalcoholand dried. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
77% | With [bis(acetoxy)iodo]benzene; at 20℃; for 12h; | General procedure: To the stirred solution of isatin (1 mmol) in an appropriate alcohol (5 mL),(diacetoxyiodo)benzene (1.7 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 9-24 h atroom temperature. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion ofreaction, the solvent was evaporated on rotatory vacuum evaporator and the crude productwas purified by column chromatography using petroleum ether and ethyl acetate to afford 2aqin moderate yields. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
56% | With [bis(acetoxy)iodo]benzene; at 20℃; for 16h; | General procedure: To the stirred solution of isatin (1 mmol) in an appropriate alcohol (5 mL),(diacetoxyiodo)benzene (1.7 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 9-24 h atroom temperature. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion ofreaction, the solvent was evaporated on rotatory vacuum evaporator and the crude productwas purified by column chromatography using petroleum ether and ethyl acetate to afford 2aqin moderate yields. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
95% | With sodium acetate; In neat (no solvent); at 25℃; for 0.25h;Green chemistry; | General procedure: Isatin 1 (3 mmol), 0.198 g malononitrile (3 mmol),0.420 g dimedone (3 mmol), and 0.025 g sodium acetate(0.3 mmol) were grinded with the pestle in mortar atambient temperature for 15 min. The resulting mixture wasair dried. Crude solid was then put on filter, rinsed withwater (2 9 2 cm3), and dried with water pump. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
95% | With sodium acetate; In ethanol; at 78℃; for 1h;Green chemistry; | General procedure: Isatin 1 (3 mmol), malononitrile (3 mmol), <strong>[3749-51-7]4-hydroxy-6-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one</strong> 2 (3 mmol) were refluxed for 60 minin ethanol (5 ml) with sodium acetate (10 molpercent) or in pyridine (without any catalyst). After the reaction was finished, the solid was filtered,washed with ice ethanol and dried to isolate pure products 3. For their characteristics, see Online Supplementary Materials. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
85% | With sodium acetate; In ethanol; at 78℃; for 1h;Green chemistry; | General procedure: Isatin 1 (3 mmol), malononitrile (3 mmol), 4-hydroxy-6-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one 2 (3 mmol) were refluxed for 60 minin ethanol (5 ml) with sodium acetate (10 mol%) or in pyridine (without any catalyst). After the reaction was finished, the solid was filtered,washed with ice ethanol and dried to isolate pure products 3. For their characteristics, see Online Supplementary Materials. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
66% | In isopropyl alcohol; for 48h;Reflux; | General procedure: 4.2. General procedure for the preparation of spiro[indoline-3,20-pyrrolidin]-2-ones 3 and spiro[indoline-3,30-pyrrolizin]-2-ones 4 and 6 A mixture of corresponding isatin 2 (1.0 mmol) and sarcosine(0.13 g, 1.5 mmol) or proline (0.17 g, 1.5 mmol) was stirred in isopropanol (4 mL), and corresponding nitroalkene 1 (1.0 mmol)was added in one portion. The resulting mixture was stirred atreux for 48 h and the reaction progress was monitored by TLC.Upon completion, the mixture was diluted with brine (10 mL),resulting precipitate was ltered off and washed with water andhexane and vacuum dried. In some cases, additional recrystallisa-tion from the mixture hexane/CH2Cl2 (2:1) was necessary. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
67% | In isopropyl alcohol; for 48h;Reflux; | General procedure: 4.2. General procedure for the preparation of spiro[indoline-3,20-pyrrolidin]-2-ones 3 and spiro[indoline-3,30-pyrrolizin]-2-ones 4 and 6 A mixture of corresponding isatin 2 (1.0 mmol) and sarcosine(0.13 g, 1.5 mmol) or proline (0.17 g, 1.5 mmol) was stirred in isopropanol (4 mL), and corresponding nitroalkene 1 (1.0 mmol)was added in one portion. The resulting mixture was stirred atreux for 48 h and the reaction progress was monitored by TLC.Upon completion, the mixture was diluted with brine (10 mL),resulting precipitate was ltered off and washed with water andhexane and vacuum dried. In some cases, additional recrystallisa-tion from the mixture hexane/CH2Cl2 (2:1) was necessary. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
62% | In isopropyl alcohol; for 48h;Reflux; | General procedure: 4.2. General procedure for the preparation of spiro[indoline-3,20-pyrrolidin]-2-ones 3 and spiro[indoline-3,30-pyrrolizin]-2-ones 4 and 6 A mixture of corresponding isatin 2 (1.0 mmol) and sarcosine(0.13 g, 1.5 mmol) or proline (0.17 g, 1.5 mmol) was stirred in isopropanol (4 mL), and corresponding nitroalkene 1 (1.0 mmol)was added in one portion. The resulting mixture was stirred atreux for 48 h and the reaction progress was monitored by TLC.Upon completion, the mixture was diluted with brine (10 mL),resulting precipitate was ltered off and washed with water andhexane and vacuum dried. In some cases, additional recrystallisa-tion from the mixture hexane/CH2Cl2 (2:1) was necessary. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
81% | In isopropyl alcohol; for 48h;Reflux; | General procedure: 4.2. General procedure for the preparation of spiro[indoline-3,20-pyrrolidin]-2-ones 3 and spiro[indoline-3,30-pyrrolizin]-2-ones 4 and 6 A mixture of corresponding isatin 2 (1.0 mmol) and sarcosine(0.13 g, 1.5 mmol) or proline (0.17 g, 1.5 mmol) was stirred in isopropanol (4 mL), and corresponding nitroalkene 1 (1.0 mmol)was added in one portion. The resulting mixture was stirred atreux for 48 h and the reaction progress was monitored by TLC.Upon completion, the mixture was diluted with brine (10 mL),resulting precipitate was ltered off and washed with water andhexane and vacuum dried. In some cases, additional recrystallisa-tion from the mixture hexane/CH2Cl2 (2:1) was necessary. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
55% | In isopropyl alcohol; for 48h;Reflux; | General procedure: 4.2. General procedure for the preparation of spiro[indoline-3,20-pyrrolidin]-2-ones 3 and spiro[indoline-3,30-pyrrolizin]-2-ones 4 and 6 A mixture of corresponding isatin 2 (1.0 mmol) and sarcosine(0.13 g, 1.5 mmol) or proline (0.17 g, 1.5 mmol) was stirred in isopropanol (4 mL), and corresponding nitroalkene 1 (1.0 mmol)was added in one portion. The resulting mixture was stirred atreux for 48 h and the reaction progress was monitored by TLC.Upon completion, the mixture was diluted with brine (10 mL),resulting precipitate was ltered off and washed with water andhexane and vacuum dried. In some cases, additional recrystallisa-tion from the mixture hexane/CH2Cl2 (2:1) was necessary. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
60.2% | With potassium hydroxide; In methanol; water; at 110℃; for 40h;Irradiation; | Potassium hydroxide (21mmol, 1.178) was dissolved in 8mL of water, was added 5,7-dibromo isatin (3.4mmol, 1.037g), into one of the reaction phase, then add 2mL of methanol and N- benzyl-2-chloro - 3-acetyl-indole (1 mmol, 0.284g), was heated in an oil bath to 110 deg.] C, while irradiating with a 200W incandescent lamp, the reaction 40h.After the reaction system was cooled to room temperature, the reaction mixture was poured into ice water, acidified with 3M hydrochloric acid solution the reaction system to pH 4-5, the precipitate appeared by suction filtration, washed with water, dried and recrystallized from methanol to give N- benzyl - 2,4-dibromo-6H- Indole [2,3-b] -11- Quinoline-carboxylic acid as a yellow powder, yield 60.2%. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
95% | With sulfuric acid; In ethanol; for 4h;Reflux; | General procedure: N-(4-Sulfamoylphenyl)hydrazinecarbothioamide (2) (3.5mmol) was added to a solution of 1H-indole-2,3-diones 3a-m (3.5mmol) in ethanol (20mL). After addition of a drop of concentrated sulfuric acid, the mixture was refluxed on a water bath for 4h. The product formed after cooling was filtered and washed with ethanol or recrystallized from ethanol. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
89% | With 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol; In ethanol; at 20℃; for 3.5h; | General procedure: To a well-stirred solution of isatin and malononitrile(1 mmol each) in ethanol (95%, 4 mL) was added dimedone,4-hydroxycoumarin, 4-hydroxy-N-methylquinolin-2-one,or 2-methyl-pyrazol-2-one [generated in situ from ethylacetoacetate and hydrazine hydrate, 1 mmol each]. To thissolution was added THAM (30 mol %) and stirring wascontinued at ambient temperature. Upon completion of thereaction (TLC), water (5 mL) was added and stirring wascontinued for 10 min more. Resultant solid product wasfiltered, washed repeatedly with water, and dried. The dried solid was washed thrice with hexaneechloroformmixture (1:1, v/v) and dried again. Resultant product didnot require any further purification. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
93% | With 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol; In ethanol; at 20℃; for 3h; | General procedure: To a well-stirred solution of isatin and malononitrile(1 mmol each) in ethanol (95%, 4 mL) was added dimedone,4-hydroxycoumarin, 4-hydroxy-N-methylquinolin-2-one,or 2-methyl-pyrazol-2-one [generated in situ from ethylacetoacetate and hydrazine hydrate, 1 mmol each]. To thissolution was added THAM (30 mol %) and stirring wascontinued at ambient temperature. Upon completion of thereaction (TLC), water (5 mL) was added and stirring wascontinued for 10 min more. Resultant solid product wasfiltered, washed repeatedly with water, and dried. The dried solid was washed thrice with hexaneechloroformmixture (1:1, v/v) and dried again. Resultant product didnot require any further purification. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
87% | With 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol; In ethanol; at 20℃; for 3.5h; | General procedure: To a well-stirred solution of isatin and malononitrile(1 mmol each) in ethanol (95%, 4 mL) was added dimedone,4-hydroxycoumarin, 4-hydroxy-N-methylquinolin-2-one,or 2-methyl-pyrazol-2-one [generated in situ from ethylacetoacetate and hydrazine hydrate, 1 mmol each]. To thissolution was added THAM (30 mol %) and stirring wascontinued at ambient temperature. Upon completion of thereaction (TLC), water (5 mL) was added and stirring wascontinued for 10 min more. Resultant solid product wasfiltered, washed repeatedly with water, and dried. The dried solid was washed thrice with hexaneechloroformmixture (1:1, v/v) and dried again. Resultant product didnot require any further purification. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
65% | General procedure: To a round bottom flask under magnetic stirring coupledto a condenser 2 mmol of 3-(hydroxyimino)butan-2-one(4), 20 mL of dry tetrahydrofuran and 1 mL of distilledtriethylamine were added. After the mixture was kept understirring for 15 min, 1 mmol of the desired isatin was added.The reaction remained under reflux and was monitoredby thin layer chromatography. After consuming all thestarting material, liquid-liquid extraction was performedwith ethyl acetate (3 × 20 mL), the organic phase wasdried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered into a flaskand concentrated in vacuum to give a brown solid that waspurified by silica gel column chromatography using 1:1hexane:ethyl acetate as the eluent. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
65% | In water; at 80℃;Green chemistry; | General procedure: A mixture of isatin (1a) (0.3 gm, 2.0 mmol) and enaminone (2a) (0.333 gm,2.4 mmol) in 10 mL of water was heated in an oil bath at 80C for 9 hours. Initially,orange-colored reaction mixture appeared to be homogeneous but with the progress ofthe reaction, yellow color solid precipitated out. After the TLC indicated the completeconsumption of starting materials, the precipitated solid was filtered off. The solid wasthen dried under vacuum and purified by silica gel column chromatography by using EA: hexane (8:2) as an eluent to provide the desired product. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
38% | Stage #1: 5,7-Dibromoisatin With potassium carbonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 1h; Cooling with ice; Stage #2: 2‐chloro‐N‐(2‐(2,6‐dioxopiperidin‐3‐yl)‐1,3‐dioxoisoindolin‐4‐yl)acetamide With potassium iodide In N,N-dimethyl-d<SUB>6</SUB>-formamide at 80℃; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
36.2% | With potassium carbonate; potassium iodide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 80℃; Cooling with ice; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
70% | Synthesis: In a flame-dried round bottom was added dibromoisatin (500 mg, 1.64 mmol), K2CO3 (227 mg, 1.64 mmol), and DMF (1.6 mL). The reaction was cooled to 0 C. and stirred for 5 min. Then a solution of <strong>[57825-30-6]1-(bromomethyl)-4-ethylbenzene</strong> (653 mg, 3.28 mmol) in DMF (1.6 mL) was added to the reaction dropwise. The reaction was warmed to room temperature and stirred to completion. After completion by TLC, the reaction was diluted with DCM (40 mL) and poured into a separatory funnel then washed with water (20 mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with water (2*20 mL). The combined aqueous layers were extracted with DCM (20 mL), and the organic layers combined and dried over Na2SO4. Column chromatography on silica using gradient elution, 10% EtOAc in Hexane?40% EtOAc in hexane gave the product as an orange/red solid (487 mg, 1.15 mmol, 70% yield). 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): delta 7.81 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.22-7.10 (m, 4H), 5.38 (s, 2H), 2.62 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.21 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H). 13C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl3): delta 181.52, 158.48, 146.99, 145.48, 144.05, 132.95, 128.47, 127.66, 126.69, 121.60, 117.26, 105.43, 44.64, 28.62, 15.60. HRMS (ESI-TOF MS ES+): m/z calculated for C17H14NO2Br2 [M+H]+: 421.9391, found 421.9380. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
36% | With triethanolamine; In ethanol; for 1h;Reflux; | General procedure: Triethanolamine (20 mol %) wasadded to a solution of 1,2-benzoxathiin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide(1) (0.198 g, 0.001 mol), malononitrile (2) (0.066 g,0.001 mol), and appropriate isatin 3a-n (0.001 mol) in EtOH (5-10 ml). The mixture was refluxed for 1 h. The obtained precipitates of compounds 4a-n were filtered off,washed with EtOH, dried in air, and recrystallized from EtOH-DMF, 1:1. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
76% | In methanol; water;Reflux; | General procedure: A solution of C3-β-cholestrylcarboxylate (4) (1 mmol), proline (11)(1 mmol) and isatin (1a-f)/acenaphthenequinone (7)/ninhydrin (9)(1 mmol) was stirred in aqueous methanol for 1-2 h at reflux temperature.After the completion of reaction as indicated by TLC, methanolwas evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude product waspurified by column chromatography using hexane:EtOAc mixture (2:1)as an eluent. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
86% | In methanol; water;Reflux; | General procedure: To a solution of C3-β-cholestrylcarboxylate (4) (1 mmol) in aqueousmethanol (20 mL), sarcosine (2) (1 mmol) and a mixture of varioussubstituted isatin (1a-f)/acenapthenequinone (7)/ninhydrin (9)(1 mmol) stirred for 1-2 h at reflux temperature. After the completionof reaction as indicated by TLC, methanol was evaporated under reducedpressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatographyusing hexane:EtOAc (7:3) as eluent. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
99.5% | With potassium carbonate; In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; toluene; at 50℃; for 0.0833333h;Microwave irradiation; | General procedure: Procedure A: MW-assisted heating conditions at power of 100 W in anhydrous DMF. To a solution of appropriate substituted isatins 3a-m (1 mmol) was added anhydrous K2CO3 (1.5 mmol, 207 mg) in anhydrous DMF (2 mL) in microwave vessel. Propargyl bromide (1.5 mmol, 0.167 mL of solution 80 wt% in toluene) was then added into this suspension mixture. The reactants were mixed well, and the mixture was irradiated in microwave oven at power of 100 W for appropriate time at 50 C (see Table 2). The reaction process was monitored by TLC. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and water was added to the mixture to dissolve inorganic salts (K2CO3 and KBr). The product was extracted with ethyl acetate, the extract was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was crystallizedfrom 96 % ethanol to afford the title substituted N-propargyl isatins 4a-m. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
63% | With 1,4-diaza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane; In water; at 80℃; for 12h; | General procedure: To a stirred mixture of isatin (1a; 200 mg, 1.36 mmol) in H2O (10 mL) were added ethyl cyanoacetate (2a; 0.145 mL, 1.36 mmol) and DABCO (152 mg, 1.36 mmol) and the reaction mixture was allowed to stir vigorously at 80 C for 12 h. After TLC had indicated complete consumption of the starting material, the reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 ×), and the combined organic layers were dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated. The crude reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography using EtOAc/hexane (4:6) as an eluent to afford to afford 3a as a white solid; yield: 178 mg (70%); |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
76% | With triethylamine; In ethanol; at 20℃; for 72h; | General procedure: Dopamine hydrochloride (1 equiv) and the appropriate isatin (1 equiv) were dissolved in ethanol (10 mL) and triethylamine (1 mL) added. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 72 hr at room temperature. At the end of the reaction, the solvent was removed in vacuo and distilled water added to the viscous mass. The precipitate obtained was filtered, washed repeatedly with water and dried. The yields from this reaction were over 98%. Example 21 (0139) 5,7-Dibromo-6',7'-dihydroxy-3',4'-dihydro-2'H-spiro[indoline-3,1'-isoquinolin]-2-one (3c). (0140) Method D. Prepared from 5,7-dibromoisatin (1.56 g, 5.1 mmol), dopamine (1 g, 5.1 mmol). Yield, 1.7 g, 76% (brown solid). M.p.256- 258 C (HCl salt). (0141) 1H NMR (CD3OD, 700 MHz): d ppm 2.74 (dt, J = 16.1, 4.6 Hz, 1H, H4’a), 2.90 (ddd, J = 15.9, 5.4 Hz, 1H, H4’b), 3.10- 3.15 (m, H3’a), 3.71- 3.77 (m, H3’b), 5.91 (s, 1H, H8’), 6.62 (s, 1H, H5’), 7.27 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H, H4), 7.64 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H, H6). 13C NMR (CD3OD, 175 MHz): d ppm 27.2 (C4’), 38.4 (C3’), 64.7 (C3/C1’), 102.8 (C7), 111.9 (C8’), 114.9 (C5), 115.4 (C5’), 123.5 (C8’a), 126.7 (C4), 127.3 (C4’a), 133.6 (C6), 138.7 (C3a), 140.9 (C7a), 143.8 (C7’), 145.0 (C6’), 180.1 (C2). FTMS + cESI: m/z 440.92 M+. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
73% | With 1,4-diaza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane; In water; at 80℃; for 1.5h; | General procedure: To a stirred mixture of isatin (1a) (200 mg, 1.36 mmol) in 10 mL of water, benzalacetone (2a) (198 mg, 1.36 mmol) and DABCO (152 mg, 1.36 mmol) were added and reaction mixture allowed to stir vigorously at 80C for 1.5 hours. After the TLC indicated complete consumption of starting material, the reaction mixture was filtered and product 3a was collected as white solid. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
77% | In isopropyl alcohol; at 25℃; for 4h; | General procedure: Enedione 1a-f (1.0 mmol) was added to a suspension ofisatin 2a-d (1.0 mmol) and L-proline 3 (127 mg, 1.1 mmol)or L-thiaproline 5 (146 mg, 1.1 mmol) in i-PrOH (4 ml). Theresulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h(for reactions with L-proline 3) or for 24 h (for reactionswith L-thiaproline 5) and then cooled down to -18C. Theformed precipitate was collected by filtration, washed firstwith hexane (5 ml), then with H2O (3×5 ml), and dried at80. In order to control the completeness of theprecipitation of the product, the filtrate was diluted withH2O (15 ml), and the formed precipitate was collected. Inorder to purify the product from the starting enedione 1a-f,it was recrystallized from MeOH. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
81% | In isopropyl alcohol; at 25℃; for 4h; | General procedure: Enedione 1a-f (1.0 mmol) was added to a suspension ofisatin 2a-d (1.0 mmol) and L-proline 3 (127 mg, 1.1 mmol)or L-thiaproline 5 (146 mg, 1.1 mmol) in i-PrOH (4 ml). Theresulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h(for reactions with L-proline 3) or for 24 h (for reactionswith L-thiaproline 5) and then cooled down to -18C. Theformed precipitate was collected by filtration, washed firstwith hexane (5 ml), then with H2O (3×5 ml), and dried at80. In order to control the completeness of theprecipitation of the product, the filtrate was diluted withH2O (15 ml), and the formed precipitate was collected. Inorder to purify the product from the starting enedione 1a-f,it was recrystallized from MeOH. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
62% | In isopropyl alcohol; at 25℃; for 4h; | General procedure: Enedione 1a-f (1.0 mmol) was added to a suspension ofisatin 2a-d (1.0 mmol) and L-proline 3 (127 mg, 1.1 mmol)or L-thiaproline 5 (146 mg, 1.1 mmol) in i-PrOH (4 ml). Theresulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h(for reactions with L-proline 3) or for 24 h (for reactionswith L-thiaproline 5) and then cooled down to -18C. Theformed precipitate was collected by filtration, washed firstwith hexane (5 ml), then with H2O (3×5 ml), and dried at80. In order to control the completeness of theprecipitation of the product, the filtrate was diluted withH2O (15 ml), and the formed precipitate was collected. Inorder to purify the product from the starting enedione 1a-f,it was recrystallized from MeOH. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
64% | In isopropyl alcohol; at 25℃; for 4h; | General procedure: Enedione 1a-f (1.0 mmol) was added to a suspension ofisatin 2a-d (1.0 mmol) and L-proline 3 (127 mg, 1.1 mmol)or L-thiaproline 5 (146 mg, 1.1 mmol) in i-PrOH (4 ml). Theresulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h(for reactions with L-proline 3) or for 24 h (for reactionswith L-thiaproline 5) and then cooled down to -18C. Theformed precipitate was collected by filtration, washed firstwith hexane (5 ml), then with H2O (3×5 ml), and dried at80. In order to control the completeness of theprecipitation of the product, the filtrate was diluted withH2O (15 ml), and the formed precipitate was collected. Inorder to purify the product from the starting enedione 1a-f,it was recrystallized from MeOH. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
53% | In isopropyl alcohol; at 25℃; for 4h; | General procedure: Enedione 1a-f (1.0 mmol) was added to a suspension ofisatin 2a-d (1.0 mmol) and L-proline 3 (127 mg, 1.1 mmol)or L-thiaproline 5 (146 mg, 1.1 mmol) in i-PrOH (4 ml). Theresulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h(for reactions with L-proline 3) or for 24 h (for reactionswith L-thiaproline 5) and then cooled down to -18C. Theformed precipitate was collected by filtration, washed firstwith hexane (5 ml), then with H2O (3×5 ml), and dried at80. In order to control the completeness of theprecipitation of the product, the filtrate was diluted withH2O (15 ml), and the formed precipitate was collected. Inorder to purify the product from the starting enedione 1a-f,it was recrystallized from MeOH. |
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