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Chemical Structure| 1617-53-4 Chemical Structure| 1617-53-4

Structure of Amentoflavone
CAS No.: 1617-53-4

Chemical Structure| 1617-53-4

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Amentoflavone is an inhibitor of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases with anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and neuroprotective effects and it can be isolated from the seeds of Ginkgo biloba L. Amentoflavone inhibited SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) with IC50 value of 8.3μM.

Synonyms: Didemethyl-ginkgetin; NSC 295677; 38Biapigenin

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Product Citations

Product Citations

Scott, Jared Lee ;

Abstract: Breast cancer (BC) is the second greatest contributor to the death of women, second only to heart disease, and is the most common type of cancer. BC treatments involve the administration of adjuvant chemotherapies which often have side effects that prevent patients from completing the full course of drugs or the refusal to take these potentially lifesaving treatments. Many chemotherapy drugs are developed from plants, and some plant extracts can exhibit significant anticancer activities while also having less toxic side effects. However, these potential "plant therapeutics" suffer from poor oral bioavailability. The Apiaceae plant family consists of several species that are used as culinarily spices including anise, celery, cumin, and coriander, all of which have demonstrated antioxidant, chemopreventive, and anticancer activities. One method to improve the systemic distribution of anticancer phytochemicals is their encapsulation in naturally produced membrane bound nanoparticles known as exosomes. Exosomes are produced by most eukaryotic organisms, as well as some prokaryotes, and are involved in cell-to-cell communication through the delivery of proteins, nucleic acids, and small molecules from one cell to another. Exosomes are found in many extracellular fluids including blood, urine, and milk. Bovine milk exosomes represent a scalable source of exosomes that are already present in the human diet and have been explored as a drug delivery system that can increase effectiveness and improve bioavailability. To enhance the loading potential and anticancer bioactivity of Apiaceae phytochemicals, an acid hydrolysis (AH) of the glycoside compounds present in ethanolic spice extracts was performed on eight ethanolic spice extracts. The antiproliferative effects of AH extracts and exosomal formulations were assayed with three model types of BC cells. Cumin was characterized in greater detail as these extracts had the highest concentration of terpenoids and alkaloids while also having significant concentrations of phenolics and responded well to AH with increased antiproliferative activity and exosomal loading. Extracts and exosomal formulations exhibited broad antiproliferative effects with lower IC50s in the extracts delivered with exosomes. The phytochemical contents of AH-cumin extracts and exosomal formulations were assayed with HPLC-DAD, LC-MS/MS, and GC-MS, while the potential anticancer mechanisms of these treatments were investigated in triple negative BC (TNBC). AHcumin extracts were determined to have numerous phenolic compounds, many of which have known anticancer mechanisms, in addition to several alkaloids and lipid compounds, some of which have activities that could contribute to the anticancer effects observed. Mechanistically, AH-cumin extracts and exosomal formulations were shown to interact with multidrug resistance proteins and inhibit lipid metabolism in TNBC cells. These results indicate that acid hydrolyzed cumin extracts delivered through exosome nanoparticles represent a possible avenue towards the development of novel treatments for TNBC, the hardest type of BC to treat.

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Product Details of Amentoflavone

CAS No. :1617-53-4
Formula : C30H18O10
M.W : 538.46
SMILES Code : O=C1C=C(C2=CC=C(O)C=C2)OC3=C(C4=CC(C5=CC(C6=C(O)C=C(O)C=C6O5)=O)=CC=C4O)C(O)=CC(O)=C13
Synonyms :
Didemethyl-ginkgetin; NSC 295677; 38Biapigenin
MDL No. :MFCD00017470
InChI Key :YUSWMAULDXZHPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Pubchem ID :5281600

Safety of Amentoflavone

GHS Pictogram:
Signal Word:Warning
Hazard Statements:H302-H315-H319-H335
Precautionary Statements:P261-P280-P301+P312-P302+P352-P305+P351+P338

Isoform Comparison

Biological Activity

In Vitro:

Cell Line
Concentration Treated Time Description References
3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes 1-10 µg/ml 0-8, 0-2, 2-4, 4-8 days AMF inhibited 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation, reduced oil droplet accumulation, and suppressed the expression of C/EBPβ, PPARγ, and C/EBPα. Int J Mol Med. 2016 Dec;38(6):1759-1767.
BV2 microglial cells 10 µM 1 hour Amentoflavone inhibited LPS-induced microglial activation, migration, and inflammatory response by regulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and enhanced Nrf2/HO-1 levels Mediators Inflamm. 2022 Dec 6;2022:5184721.
A549 cells 30 μg/mL 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, and 6 hours To evaluate the cellular uptake of AMF and AMF-loaded TPGS/soluplus mixed micelles in A549 cells. The results showed that the cellular uptake of AMF monomer increased significantly with time, while that of AMF-loaded mixed micelles increased in 1-4 hours and remained almost unchanged in 4-6 hours. The cellular uptake of AMF-loaded mixed micelles was significantly lower than that of AMF monomer (p<0.05). Drug Deliv. 2020 Dec;27(1):137-150.
A549 cells 0.5-4 µg/mL 2 hours To evaluate the protective effect of AMF against AerA-mediated cytotoxicity, results showed that AMF significantly reduced AerA-mediated cell death. Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Mar 6;26(5):2370.
A549 cells 2000 μg/mL to 15.6 μg/mL 24 hours To evaluate the cytotoxicity of AMF and AMF-loaded TPGS/soluplus mixed micelles on A549 cells. The results showed that the IC50 value of AMF-loaded mixed micelles (6.11 ± 0.74 μg/mL) was significantly lower than that of AMF monomer (83.09 ± 0.65 μg/mL), indicating that the mixed micelles had stronger toxicity to A549 cells. Drug Deliv. 2020 Dec;27(1):137-150.
A549 cells 0, 10, 25, 50 µM 24 hours Evaluate the inhibitory effect of AF on influenza virus infection, results showed AF dose-dependently inhibited GFP expression. Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Nov 19;25(22):12426.
RAW 264.7 cells 0, 10, 25, 50 µM 24 hours Evaluate the inhibitory effect of AF on influenza virus infection, results showed AF dose-dependently inhibited GFP expression. Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Nov 19;25(22):12426.
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) 18.587 µM 24 hours To evaluate the cytoprotective effects of Amentoflavone on LPS-induced injury in HUVECs. Results showed that Amentoflavone significantly reduced NO and MDA levels and increased SOD activity, indicating its protective effects against inflammation and oxidative damage. Int J Mol Sci. 2016 Sep 9;17(9):1514.
HK-2 cells 1 or 2 µM 24 hours AME significantly suppressed the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin on HK-2 cells and protected cells from oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway. Front Pharmacol. 2025 Mar 5;16:1508047.
MHCCLM3 cells 100, 200, 300 µM 24 hours Amentoflavone inhibits the migratory and invasive capabilities of HCC cells in a dose-dependent manner J Cell Mol Med. 2024 Jun;28(11):e18442.
MHCC97H cells 100, 200, 300 µM 24 hours Amentoflavone inhibits the migratory and invasive capabilities of HCC cells in a dose-dependent manner J Cell Mol Med. 2024 Jun;28(11):e18442.
Immortalized astrocytes 2, 10 µM 3 hours To evaluate the effect of Amentoflavone on the cellular uptake of Aβ1-40 in astrocytes, results showed that Amentoflavone significantly increased the intracellular accumulation of Aβ1-40. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 May 24;23(11):5885.
HepG2 cells 9.30 µM, 13.94 µM, 18.59 µM 36 hours To explore the mechanism by which AME improves insulin resistance in HepG2 cells. Results showed that AME significantly increased glucose consumption, upregulated the expression of PI3K, Akt, and pAkt, enhanced the activities of PFK-1, GCK, and PK, and reduced the activities of GSK-3, PEPCK, and G-6-Pase as well as the levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and CRP. Molecules. 2016 May 13;21(5):624.
Endometrial carcinoma cells (KLE) 50, 75, 100 µM 48 hours AF inhibited the viability and proliferation of KLE cells but promoted apoptosis and ferroptosis. Bioengineered. 2022 May;13(5):13269-13279.
BV2 microglial cells 10 µM 5.5 hours Amentoflavone alleviates LPS-induced inflammatory response by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome Front Pharmacol. 2019 Jul 30;10:856.
Human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco2) cells 2-16 mg/ml 6 hours Evaluate the protective effect of Amentoflavone on CPA and PFO-mediated cytotoxicity, results showed significant protection against cell injury Front Pharmacol. 2020 Feb 28;11:179.
Human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco2) cells 0 -64 mg/ml 6 hours Evaluate the cytotoxicity of Amentoflavone on Caco-2 cells, results showed no cytotoxicity Front Pharmacol. 2020 Feb 28;11:179.
MDCK cells 0, 10, 50 µM 72 hours Evaluate the inhibitory effect of AF on influenza virus plaque formation, results showed AF significantly inhibited plaque formation. Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Nov 19;25(22):12426.
BALB/c mouse peritoneal macrophages 0–22.3 µM 72 hours Evaluate the cytotoxicity of Amentoflavone, no cytotoxicity was observed, and the selectivity index was greater than 10 Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021 Feb 25;11:615814.
BALB/c mouse peritoneal macrophages 0–11.14 µM 72 hours Evaluate the antileishmanial activity of Amentoflavone on intracellular amastigotes, IC50 was 2.3 ± 0.93 µM Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021 Feb 25;11:615814.

In Vivo:

Species
Animal Model
Administration Dosage Frequency Description References
BALB/c mice Leishmaniasis model Intralesional injection 0.05 mg/kgose Every 4 days, total of 5 doses Evaluate the therapeutic effect of Amentoflavone on leishmaniasis, intralesional treatment significantly reduced lesion size and parasite load Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021 Feb 25;11:615814.
Wistar rats High-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction model Intraperitoneal injection 10 or 50 mg/kg Once daily for 4 months AMF attenuated high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction in a dose-dependent manner, including reductions in fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin levels, HOMA-IR index, body weight, perirenal adipose tissue weight, and serum triglyceride content. Int J Mol Med. 2016 Dec;38(6):1759-1767.
Channel catfish Aeromonas hydrophila infection model Intraperitoneal injection 20 mg/kg Every 12 hours for 3 days To evaluate the protective effect of AMF against A. hydrophila infection, results showed that the mortality rate in the AMF-treated group was reduced by 35% compared to the positive control group. Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Mar 6;26(5):2370.
Mice Diabetic mice induced by high fat diet and streptozotocin Intragastric administration 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg 8 weeks AME exerted anti-diabetic effects by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, perhaps via anti-oxidant effects and activating the PI3K/Akt pathway Molecules. 2019 Jun 11;24(11):2184
C57BL/6 mice PTZ-induced chronic epilepsy model Oral 25 mg/kg Once every other day for a total of 15 injections (29 days) Amentoflavone reduces seizure susceptibility, minimizes cognitive dysfunction, and blocks neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome Front Pharmacol. 2019 Jul 30;10:856.
Kunming mice Epilepsy model Intragastric administration 25 mg/kg Once a day for 3 consecutive days Amentoflavone effectively prevented pilocarpine-induced epilepsy in a Mice kindling model, suppressed nuclear factor-κB activation and expression, inhibited excessive discharge of hippocampal neurons resulting in a reduction in epileptic seizures, shortened attack time, and diminished loss and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons. Neural Regen Res. 2015 Jul;10(7):1125-33
Mice Carrageenan-induced pleurisy and lung injury model Intragastric administration 30 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg Administered at 12-hour intervals for 4 hours AMF ameliorated carrageenan-induced pleurisy and lung injury by activating Nrf2 and inhibiting the NF-κB and STAT3 pathways Front Pharmacol. 2022 Feb 14;13:763608
C57BL/6 mice Cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury model Intraperitoneal injection 5 or 10 mg/kg Daily administration for 72 hours AME significantly improved cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by activating the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway and regulating ferroptosis and PANoptosis. Front Pharmacol. 2025 Mar 5;16:1508047.
BALB/c mice Gas gangrene model Subcutaneous injection 50 mg/kg Three doses at 8-hour intervals Evaluate the therapeutic effect of Amentoflavone on gas gangrene, results showed significant increase in survival rate, reduction in bacterial burden in tissues, and alleviation of histological damage Front Pharmacol. 2020 Feb 28;11:179.

Protocol

Bio Calculators
Preparing Stock Solutions 1mg 5mg 10mg

1 mM

5 mM

10 mM

1.86mL

0.37mL

0.19mL

9.29mL

1.86mL

0.93mL

18.57mL

3.71mL

1.86mL

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