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Chemical Structure| 448906-42-1 Chemical Structure| 448906-42-1

Structure of ITE
CAS No.: 448906-42-1

Chemical Structure| 448906-42-1

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ITE is an AhR agonist with Ki value of 3nM, and also inhibits TGF-β-induced human myofibroblast differentiation.

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Zhao, Ying-jie ; Zhang, Si-yan ; Wei, Ying-ying ; Li, Hui-hui ; Lei, Wei ; Wang, Kai , et al.

Abstract: We have reported that an endogenous aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand, , inhibits functions of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and induces preeclampsia (PE)-like symptoms in rats. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that impairs endothelial functions via disturbing transcriptome and phosphoproteome in HUVECs. We measured activity in human maternal and umbilical vein sera from PE and normotensive (NT) pregnancies. The serum-induced changes in CYP1A1/B1 mRNA (indexes of AhR activation) in HUVECs were quantified using RT-qPCR. ITE’s effects on endothelial proliferation and monolayer integrity in female and male HUVECs were determined. We profiled ITE-induced changes in transcriptome and phosphoproteome in HUVECs using RNA-seq and bottom-up phosphoproteomics, respectively. After 12 hr of treatment, umbilical vein sera from PE increased CYP1A1 mRNA (1.7-fold of NT) in HUVECs, which was blocked by CH223191, an antagonist. dose-dependently inhibited endothelial proliferation (76%-87% of control) and time-dependently reduced endothelial integrity with a maximum inhibition (~ 10%) at 40 hr. induced 140 and 80 differentially expressed genes in female and male HUVECs, respectively. ITE altered phosphorylation of 92 and 105 proteins at 4 and 24 hr, respectively, in HUVECs. These ITE-dysregulated genes and phosphoproteins were enriched in biological functions and pathways that are relevant to heart, liver, and kidney diseases, vascular functions, and inflammatory responses. Thus, endogenous ligands may impair endothelial functions by disturbing transcriptome and phosphoproteome. These ligand-dysregulated genes and phosphoproteins may be therapeutic and cell sex-specific targets for PE-induced endothelial dysfunction.

Keywords: ligand ; Endothelial cells ; Sexual dimorphism ; Transcriptome ; Phosphoproteome

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Zhao, Ying‐Jie ; Zhou, Chi ; Zhang, Si‐Yan ; Mishra, Jay S ; Li, Hui‐Hui ; Lei, Wei , et al.

Abstract: Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disorder during human pregnancy. Aryl hydro-carbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor. Exogenous and endogenous AhR ligands can induce hypertension in male rats and mice. Herein, using rats as a model, we tested the hypothesis that over-regulation of endogenous AhR ligands during pregnancy impairs vascular functions by disrupting the transcriptome in the placenta, contributing to the development of PE. Pregnant rats were injected daily with an endogenous AhR ligand, 2-(1'H-indole-3'-carbonyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (ITE), from gestational day (GD) 10 to 19. Maternal mean blood pressure was measured on GD16–20. Proteinuria and uteroplacental blood flow were monitored on GD20. Placentas collected on GD20 were used to determine changes in vascular density and transcriptome. Compared with the vehicle control, ITE elevated maternal mean blood pressure by 22% and 16% on GD16 and 17, respectively. ITE increased proteinuria by 50% and decreased uteroplacental blood flow by 26%. ITE reduced the placental vascular density by 18%. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that ITE induced 1316 and 2020 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in female and male placentas, respectively. These DEGs were enriched in pathways relevant to heart diseases, vascular functions and inflammation. Bioinformatics analysis also predicted that ITE altered immune cell infiltration in placentas depending on fetal sex. These data suggest that over-regulation of endogenous AhR ligands may lead to PE with impaired vascular functions and disrupted fetal sex-specific transcriptomes and immune cell infiltration in placentas. These AhR ligand-induced DEGs and pathways may represent promising therapeutic targets for PE-induced cardiovascular dysfunctions.

Keywords: AhR ligand ; placentas ; preeclampsia ; sexual dimorphism ; trans_x005f_x0002_criptomics ; vasculature

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Alternative Products

Product Details of ITE

CAS No. :448906-42-1
Formula : C14H10N2O3S
M.W : 286.31
SMILES Code : O=C(C1=CSC(C(C2=CNC3=C2C=CC=C3)=O)=N1)OC
MDL No. :MFCD06411597
InChI Key :KDDXOGDIPZSCTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Pubchem ID :4668801

Safety of ITE

GHS Pictogram:
Signal Word:Warning
Hazard Statements:H315-H319-H335
Precautionary Statements:P261-P305+P351+P338

Isoform Comparison

Biological Activity

In Vitro:

Cell Line
Concentration Treated Time Description References
MDA-MB-157 cells 10 μM 3 days ITE reduced JAG1 protein expression. Biochem Pharmacol. 2020 Apr;174:113845
MDA-MB-436 cells 10 μM 3 days ITE reduced JAG1 protein expression. Biochem Pharmacol. 2020 Apr;174:113845
MCF7 cells 10 μM 3 days ITE reduced JAG1 protein expression. Biochem Pharmacol. 2020 Apr;174:113845
BV2 microglia 1 μM 4 hours pretreatment followed by 20 hours co-culture with LPS To investigate the mechanisms by which ITE protects against retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury through AhR activation. Results showed that ITE pretreatment significantly reduced LPS-induced expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and iNOS, and this anti-inflammatory effect could be inhibited by AhR antagonist CH223191. Cell Death Dis. 2023 Feb 8;14(2):92
PBMCs 100 nM ITE, 10 nM IL-11 5 days To examine the effect of ITE on IL-11-induced differentiation of PBMCs into M-MDSCs. Results showed that ITE alone had a trend of reducing M-MDSCs but did not reach statistical significance; when combined with IL-11, ITE significantly reduced the percentage of M-MDSCs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025 Mar 27;18(4):471
GL261 cells 0.1 nM, 10 nM, 10,000 nM 20 hours To examine the effect of ITE on IL6 and IL11 mRNA and protein levels in GL261 cells. Results showed that ITE significantly down-regulated IL6 and IL11 mRNA levels and IL11 protein levels, but IL6 protein levels remained unchanged. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025 Mar 27;18(4):471
GL261 cells 0.1 nM, 10 nM, 10,000 nM 20 hours To examine the effect of ITE on AHR protein levels in GL261 cells. Results showed that ITE treatment slightly increased AHR protein levels in GL261 cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025 Mar 27;18(4):471
MDA-MB-231 cells 10 μM Days 1, 3 and 5 ITE reduces the expression of JAG1, the amount of Notch 1 intracellular domain (NICD1), and the phosphorylation of STAT3 (at tyrosine 705). Biochem Pharmacol. 2020 Apr;174:113845
Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells 1 µmol/L 4 hours ITE inhibited the expression of costimulatory molecules such as CD40, CD80, CD86, and PD-L1 in LPS-induced dendritic cells and promoted the expansion of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells J Am Heart Assoc. 2021 Jul 6;10(13):e020502
C3A cells 0.2, 0.5, 1 µM 24 and 48 hours Enhanced the protein levels and metabolic activities of major cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes, including CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP3A4, and CYP1B1, and slightly increased albumin secretion and urea synthesis. Int J Mol Med. 2017 Jan;39(1):101-112
Huh7 cells 0.2, 0.5, 1 µM 24 and 48 hours Enhanced the protein levels and metabolic activities of major cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes, including CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP3A4, and CYP1B1, and slightly increased albumin secretion and urea synthesis. Int J Mol Med. 2017 Jan;39(1):101-112

In Vivo:

Species
Animal Model
Administration Dosage Frequency Description References
C57BL/6J mice Retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury model Intraperitoneal injection 10 mg/kg Once daily until the end of the experiment (day 1, 3, or 7) To evaluate the protective effects of ITE on retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Results showed that ITE treatment significantly alleviated IR-induced retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss and apoptosis, reduced the expression of retinal local inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL6), and these protective effects could be inhibited by AhR antagonist CH223191. Cell Death Dis. 2023 Feb 8;14(2):92
C57BL/6J wild-type female mice Orthotopic mouse glioma model Intraperitoneal injection 100 mg/kg ITE, 80 µg PD1 antibody ITE every other day, PD1 antibody twice with a three-day interval To evaluate the effect of ITE combined with PD1 antibody on tumor growth and survival in a mouse glioma model. Results showed that although the tumor growth curve difference did not reach statistical significance, the survival of mice in the ITE+PD1 group was significantly extended. Additionally, the combination therapy significantly reduced MDSCs in the tumor and increased CD8+ T cell infiltration. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025 Mar 27;18(4):471
C57BL/6J mice CCl4-induced liver fibrosis model Intraperitoneal injection 10 mg/kg Every other day for 4 weeks To investigate the effect of ITE on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis, results showed that ITE ameliorated liver fibrosis, reducing collagen deposition and fibrogenic gene expression. Gastroenterology. 2019 Sep;157(3):793-806. e14
C57BL/6 mice Myocardial infarction model Intraperitoneal injection 200 µg/mouse Once daily for 1 week ITE treatment significantly improved systolic function, reduced infarct size, and increased the number of regulatory T cells and the proportion of M2 macrophages in myocardial infarction mice J Am Heart Assoc. 2021 Jul 6;10(13):e020502
Mice Pentobarbital-induced sleep model Oral 20 mg/kg Single dose, 45 minutes before pentobarbital injection Evaluate the effects of ITE on sleep duration and blood melatonin levels. Results showed that ITE significantly increased sleep duration (38.8 ± 4.8 min) and blood melatonin levels (186.0 ± 42.9 pg/mL). ACS Omega. 2024 Oct 15;9(43):43875-43883

Clinical Trial:

NCT Number Conditions Phases Recruitment Completion Date Locations
NCT00386100 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Phase 4 Completed - -
NCT01243424 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Phase 3 Completed - -
NCT03108768 Hearing Loss, Bilateral Sensor... More >>ineural, Progressive Less << Not Applicable Completed - Switzerland ... More >> Sonova AG Stafa, Zürich, Switzerland, 8712 Less <<
NCT03569228 Hearing Loss Not Applicable Not yet recruiting October 29, 2022 United States, Tennessee ... More >> Mountain Home VA Medical Center James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Mountain Home, TN Not yet recruiting Mountain Home, Tennessee, United States, 37684 Contact: Sherri L Smith, PhD    423-926-1171 ext 7569    sherri.smith@va.gov    Principal Investigator: Sherri L. Smith, PhD Less <<
NCT00386100 - Completed - -
NCT02545569 Hearing Loss, Bilateral or Uni... More >>lateral Less << Not Applicable Not yet recruiting December 2020 Switzerland ... More >> Sonova AG Recruiting Staefa, Zürich, Switzerland, 8712 Contact: Jana-Kosima Schwarzlos    0041 58 928 0101    JanaKosima.Schwarzlos@sonova.com Less <<
NCT02709486 Osteoarthritis, Hip ... More >> Osteoarthritis, Knee Less << Phase 3 Active, not recruiting December 2018 -
NCT01619345 Diabetes Heal... More >>thy Less << Phase 1 Completed - United Kingdom ... More >> Nottingham, United Kingdom, NG11 6JS Less <<
NCT02436629 High Intensity Intermittent Sp... More >>orts Performance Less << Phase 4 Completed - Netherlands ... More >> Maastricht University Medical Centre+ Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands, 6200MD Less <<
NCT01746992 ALK-negative Anaplastic Large ... More >>Cell Lymphoma Peripherial T Cell Lymphoma,Not Otherwise Specified Angioimmunoblastic T Cell Lymphoma Enteropathy Associated T Cell Lymphoma Hepatosplenic T Cell Lymphoma Subcutaneous Panniculitis Like T Cell Lymphoma Less << Phase 4 Active, not recruiting December 2018 China, Shanghai ... More >> Ruijin hospital Shanghai, Shanghai, China, 200025 Less <<
NCT03596346 Food Safety Not Applicable Completed - Finland ... More >> Satucon Oy/Pihlajalinna Ite Kuopio, Finland, 70100 Less <<
NCT03770754 Necrosis Not Applicable Enrolling by invitation January 20, 2019 Mexico ... More >> Jorge Paredes Vieyra Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico, 22000 Jorge Paredes Vieyra Tijuana, Baja Califronia, Mexico, 22000 Jose Clemente Orozco Tijuana, BC, Mexico, 22000 Jose Clemente Tijuana, BC, Mexico, 22000 Less <<

Protocol

Bio Calculators
Preparing Stock Solutions 1mg 5mg 10mg

1 mM

5 mM

10 mM

3.49mL

0.70mL

0.35mL

17.46mL

3.49mL

1.75mL

34.93mL

6.99mL

3.49mL

References

 

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