CAS No. :	552-41-0
Formula :	C₉H₁₀O₃
M.W :	166.17
SMILES Code :	CC(C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1O)=O
Synonyms :	2'-Hydroxy-4'-methoxyacetophenone; Peonol; NSC 401442
MDL No. :	MFCD00008730
InChI Key :	UILPJVPSNHJFIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Pubchem ID :	11092

GHS Pictogram:
Signal Word:	Warning
Hazard Statements:	H302+H312+H332-H315-H319-H335-H412
Precautionary Statements:	P261-P273-P280-P305+P351+P338

HCT116 cells	7.8125, 15.625, 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250 and 500 µg/ml	12, 24, 48 and 72 hours	To assess the inhibitory effect of Paeonol on HCT116 cell viability, the results showed that Paeonol significantly inhibited the proliferation of HCT116 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner.	Int J Mol Med. 2020 Aug;46(2):675-684.
SKOV3 cells	1.2 mM	24 and 48 hours	To evaluate the inhibitory effect of Paeonol on cell proliferation, results showed that Paeonol significantly inhibited the proliferation of SKOV3 cells.	Cell Death Dis. 2019 Aug 13;10(8):609.
A2780 cells	1.2 mM	24 and 48 hours	To evaluate the inhibitory effect of Paeonol on cell proliferation, results showed that Paeonol significantly inhibited the proliferation of A2780 cells.	Cell Death Dis. 2019 Aug 13;10(8):609.
NSC-34/hSOD1G93A (MT)	100 µM	24 hours	Evaluate the protective effect of Paeonol against glutamate, LPS, and H2O2-induced cytotoxicity, results showed Paeonol significantly improved cell viability	Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Jul 18;11(7):1392.
NSC-34/hSOD1WT (WT)	100 µM	24 hours	Evaluate the protective effect of Paeonol against glutamate, LPS, and H2O2-induced cytotoxicity, results showed Paeonol significantly improved cell viability	Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Jul 18;11(7):1392.
Cardiomyocytes	50 µM	24 hours	Paeonol promotes Mfn2-mediated mitochondrial fusion, restores mitochondrial function and cell viability, and inhibits Dox-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and oxidative stress.	J Adv Res. 2023 May;47:151-162.
Primary microglial cells	0.5 to 1 mM	24 hours	Paeonol inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced nitrite release and reduced the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1β.	Neural Regen Res. 2013 Jun 25;8(18):1637-43.
RAW 264.7 cells	25, 50 µM	24 hours	Evaluate the effect of paeonol on LPS-induced MAPK protein expression in RAW 264.7 cells. Results showed that paeonol significantly reduced the protein expression levels of COX-2 and NF-κB and affected the phosphorylation of p-p38.	Biomolecules. 2022 Nov 3;12(11):1634.
RAW 264.7 cells	6.3, 12.5, 25, 50 µM	24 hours	Evaluate the effect of paeonol on LPS-induced IL-6 and TNF-α production in RAW 264.7 cells. Results showed that paeonol inhibited the release of IL-6 and TNF-α in a concentration-dependent manner.	Biomolecules. 2022 Nov 3;12(11):1634.
GMI-R1 cells	4 µM	24 hours	Paeonol promotes the transformation of LPS-treated GMI-R1 microglia from the M1 phenotype to the M2 phenotype.	CNS Neurosci Ther. 2023 Sep;29(9):2666-2679.
Human primary umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC)	10 µM	24 hours	To evaluate the effect of Paeonol on HUVEC cell viability, results showed that Paeonol treatment significantly enhanced HUVEC viability.	Drug Des Devel Ther. 2023 May 24;17:1567-1582.
Aspergillus flavus	0.625 mg/mL	24 hours	Paeonol significantly destroyed both the outer amorphous layer and the inner fibrous layer of A. flavus cell walls, leading to thinner cell walls and chaotic cytoplasm.	Foods. 2021 Dec 1;10(12):2951.
Human umbilical vein/vascular endothelial cell line (HUVEC-C)	10 µM	24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours	To evaluate the effect of Paeonol on HUVEC-C cell numbers, results showed that Paeonol treatment significantly increased cell numbers.	Drug Des Devel Ther. 2023 May 24;17:1567-1582.
RAW264.7 macrophages	32, 64, 128 µg/mL	3 hours pretreatment or 4 hours treatment	To assess the anti-infection activity and mechanism of paeonol against P. aeruginosa infection in vitro, results showed paeonol downregulated the expression of QS-related virulence genes and reduced PAO1-induced cell damage	Front Immunol. 2022 May 24;13:896874.
BV-2 microglial cells	10 or 30 µM	30 min pretreatment followed by 24 hours stimulation	To investigate the effects of Paeonol on ATP-induced cell migratory activity. Results showed that Paeonol effectively reduced ATP-enhanced migratory activity.	Int J Mol Sci. 2015 Apr 21;16(4):8844-60.
BV-2 microglial cells	3, 10, or 30 µM	30 min pretreatment followed by 24 hours stimulation	To investigate the inhibitory effects of Paeonol on LPS/IFN-γ-induced inflammatory responses. Results showed that Paeonol significantly inhibited the release of NO and the expressions of iNOS and COX-2.	Int J Mol Sci. 2015 Apr 21;16(4):8844-60.
Primary cardiomyocytes	25, 50, 100, 200 µM	48 hours	To evaluate the effects of Paeonol on mitochondrial fusion and function in high glucose-treated cardiomyocytes. Results showed that 100 μmol/L Paeonol significantly increased mitochondrial volume, decreased mitochondrial number, inhibited mitochondrial oxidative stress, and improved ATP production and mitochondrial respiratory capacity.	Redox Biol. 2021 Oct;46:102098.
SW1353 cells	3, 10, 30 µM	48 hours	Evaluate the effect of Paeonol on the viability of SW1353 cells, showing no effect on cell viability at 3–30 μM	Int J Mol Sci. 2014 Jul 2;15(7):11760-72.
JJ012 cells	3, 10, 30 µM	48 hours	Evaluate the effect of Paeonol on the viability of JJ012 cells, showing no effect on cell viability at 3–30 μM	Int J Mol Sci. 2014 Jul 2;15(7):11760-72.
NSC-34/hSOD1G93A (MT)	347 nM	5 min	Evaluate the uptake characteristics of [3H]Paeonol, results showed time-, concentration-, and pH-dependent uptake	Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Jul 18;11(7):1392.
NSC-34/hSOD1WT (WT)	347 nM	5 min	Evaluate the uptake characteristics of [3H]Paeonol, results showed time-, concentration-, and pH-dependent uptake	Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Jul 18;11(7):1392.
RAW 264.7 cells	6.3, 12.5, 25, 50 µM	6 hours	Evaluate the effect of paeonol on LPS-induced mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in RAW 264.7 cells. Results showed that paeonol reduced the mRNA expression levels of these inflammatory cytokines in a concentration-dependent manner.	Biomolecules. 2022 Nov 3;12(11):1634.
Organotypic hippocampal slice cultures	0.5 and 1 mM	72 hours	Paeonol pretreatment markedly blocked lipopolysaccharide-induced hippocampal cell death and inhibited the release of nitrite and interleukin-1beta.	Neural Regen Res. 2013 Jun 25;8(18):1637-43.
3T3-L1 cells	1000 µM	8 days	Paeonol inhibits the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells into mature adipocytes and reduces lipid accumulation.	Nutrients. 2020 Jan 24;12(2):309.

ICR mice	LPS-induced neuroinflammation model	Intraperitoneal injection	10 or 30 mg/kg	Once daily for three consecutive days, followed by a single LPS injection	To investigate the effects of Paeonol on LPS-induced motor coordination dysfunction and microglial activation. Results showed that Paeonol significantly improved motor coordination in LPS-injected mice and reduced microglial activation.	Int J Mol Sci. 2015 Apr 21;16(4):8844-60.
Sprague-Dawley rats	Chronic constrictive injury (CCI) model	Intragastric administration	100 mg/kg	Twice daily for 21 days	Paeonol alleviates neuropathic pain by modulating microglial M1 and M2 polarization via the RhoA/p38MAPK signaling pathway.	CNS Neurosci Ther. 2023 Sep;29(9):2666-2679.
Wistar rats	Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury model	Oral	100 mg/kg	Once daily for 7 days	To evaluate the protective effect of paeonol against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury, results showed that paeonol attenuated liver injury by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.	Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Aug 29;11(9):1687
Sprague-Dawley rats	Dox-induced cardiotoxicity model	Oral gavage	150 mg/kg	Once daily for two weeks	Paeonol activates the PKCε-Stat3-Mfn2 signaling pathway to promote mitochondrial fusion, alleviating Dox-induced cardiotoxicity and myocardial injury.	J Adv Res. 2023 May;47:151-162.
BALB/c mice	IMQ-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation model	Oral	20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg	Once daily for 7 days	To evaluate the therapeutic effect of compound B12 on IMQ-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation. Results showed that compound B12 significantly alleviated skin inflammation symptoms and PASI score.	J Orthop Translat. 2024 Nov 24;50:1-13
BALB/c mice	IMQ-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation model	Oral	20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg	Once daily for 7 days	To evaluate the therapeutic effect of compound B12 on IMQ-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation. Results showed that compound B12 significantly alleviated skin inflammation symptoms and PASI score.	J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2022 Dec;37(1):817-831
SPF mice	PAO1 acute infection model	Intragastric administration	25, 50, 100 mg/kg	3 consecutive days	To evaluate the anti-infection activity of paeonol in vivo, results showed paeonol decreased the bacterial load in the lung and inhibited the mRNA expression of inflammation cytokines	Front Immunol. 2022 May 24;13:896874.
BALB/c mice	Lincomycin-induced antibiotic-associated diarrhea model	Oral	25, 50, 100 mg/kg	Twice daily for 7 days	Evaluate the effect of paeonol on lincomycin-induced diarrhea in mice. Results showed that paeonol significantly improved diarrhea symptoms, reduced weight loss and water intake, and decreased serum levels of TNF-α and IL-4.	Biomolecules. 2022 Nov 3;12(11):1634.
ApoE−/− mice	Murine carotid artery catheter guide wires injury model	Intraperitoneal injection	30 mg/kg	Pretreated for 7 consecutive days, continued treatment after surgery until tissue collection	To evaluate the effect of Paeonol on vascular stenosis after vascular injury, results showed that Paeonol treatment significantly suppressed vascular neointima formation.	Drug Des Devel Ther. 2023 May 24;17:1567-1582.
BALB/c nude mice	A2780 xenograft model	Intraperitoneal injection	40 mg/kg	Once every 2 days, total of 6 times (12 days)	To evaluate the antitumor activity of Paeonol in vivo, results showed that Paeonol significantly inhibited tumor growth, and the effect was enhanced when combined with the autophagy inhibitor HCQ.	Cell Death Dis. 2019 Aug 13;10(8):609.
Sprague-Dawley rats	Diabetic cardiomyopathy model	Oral gavage	75, 150, 300 mg/kg	Once daily for 12 weeks	To evaluate the protective effects of Paeonol on diabetic cardiomyopathy. Results showed that Paeonol (150 or 300 mg/kg/day) significantly improved cardiac function, reduced myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis and oxidative stress, and promoted mitochondrial fusion and functional recovery.	Redox Biol. 2021 Oct;46:102098.

Bio Calculators
Preparing Stock Solutions		1mg	5mg	10mg
Preparing Stock Solutions	1 mM 5 mM 10 mM	6.02mL 1.20mL 0.60mL	30.09mL 6.02mL 3.01mL	60.18mL 12.04mL 6.02mL
Dissolving Methods	Animal experiment Please choose the appropriate dissolution scheme according to your animal administration guide.For the following dissolution schemes, clear stock solution should be prepared according to in vitro experiments, and then cosolvent should be added in turn: in order to ensure the reliability of the experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be properly preserved according to the storage conditions; The working fluid for in vivo experiment is recommended to be prepared now and used on the same day; The percentage shown in front of the following solvent refers to the volume ratio of the solvent in the final solution; If precipitation or precipitation occurs in the preparation process, it can be assisted by heating and/or ultrasound. Protocol 1 Protocol 2

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CAS No.: 552-41-0

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CAS No.: 552-41-0

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Precautionary Statements-General
Code	Phrase
P101	If medical advice is needed,have product container or label at hand.
P102	Keep out of reach of children.
P103	Read label before use
Prevention
Code	Phrase
P201	Obtain special instructions before use.
P202	Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.
P210	Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. - No smoking.
P211	Do not spray on an open flame or other ignition source.
P220	Keep/Store away from clothing/combustible materials.
P221	Take any precaution to avoid mixing with combustibles
P222	Do not allow contact with air.
P223	Keep away from any possible contact with water, because of violent reaction and possible flash fire.
P230	Keep wetted
P231	Handle under inert gas.
P232	Protect from moisture.
P233	Keep container tightly closed.
P234	Keep only in original container.
P235	Keep cool
P240	Ground/bond container and receiving equipment.
P241	Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/equipment.
P242	Use only non-sparking tools.
P243	Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
P244	Keep reduction valves free from grease and oil.
P250	Do not subject to grinding/shock/friction.
P251	Pressurized container: Do not pierce or burn, even after use.
P260	Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P261	Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P262	Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing.
P263	Avoid contact during pregnancy/while nursing.
P264	Wash hands thoroughly after handling.
P265	Wash skin thouroughly after handling.
P270	Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P271	Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
P272	Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.
P273	Avoid release to the environment.
P280	Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P281	Use personal protective equipment as required.
P282	Wear cold insulating gloves/face shield/eye protection.
P283	Wear fire/flame resistant/retardant clothing.
P284	Wear respiratory protection.
P285	In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection.
P231 + P232	Handle under inert gas. Protect from moisture.
P235 + P410	Keep cool. Protect from sunlight.
Response
Code	Phrase
P301	IF SWALLOWED:
P304	IF INHALED:
P305	IF IN EYES:
P306	IF ON CLOTHING:
P307	IF exposed:
P308	IF exposed or concerned:
P309	IF exposed or if you feel unwell:
P310	Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P311	Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P312	Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.
P313	Get medical advice/attention.
P314	Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell.
P315	Get immediate medical advice/attention.
P320
P302 + P352	IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water.
P321
P322
P330	Rinse mouth.
P331	Do NOT induce vomiting.
P332	IF SKIN irritation occurs:
P333	If skin irritation or rash occurs:
P334	Immerse in cool water/wrap n wet bandages.
P335	Brush off loose particles from skin.
P336	Thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water. Do not rub affected area.
P337	If eye irritation persists:
P338	Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P340	Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P341	If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P342	If experiencing respiratory symptoms:
P350	Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.
P351	Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
P352	Wash with plenty of soap and water.
P353	Rinse skin with water/shower.
P360	Rinse immediately contaminated clothing and skin with plenty of water before removing clothes.
P361	Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
P362	Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.
P363	Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
P370	In case of fire:
P371	In case of major fire and large quantities:
P372	Explosion risk in case of fire.
P373	DO NOT fight fire when fire reaches explosives.
P374	Fight fire with normal precautions from a reasonable distance.
P376	Stop leak if safe to do so. Oxidising gases (section 2.4) 1
P377	Leaking gas fire: Do not extinguish, unless leak can be stopped safely.
P378
P380	Evacuate area.
P381	Eliminate all ignition sources if safe to do so.
P390	Absorb spillage to prevent material damage.
P391	Collect spillage. Hazardous to the aquatic environment
P301 + P310	IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P301 + P312	IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell.
P301 + P330 + P331	IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting.
P302 + P334	IF ON SKIN: Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages.
P302 + P350	IF ON SKIN: Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.
P303 + P361 + P353	IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower.
P304 + P312	IF INHALED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.
P304 + P340	IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and Keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P304 + P341	IF INHALED: If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P305 + P351 + P338	IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P306 + P360	IF ON CLOTHING: Rinse Immediately contaminated CLOTHING and SKIN with plenty of water before removing clothes.
P307 + P311	IF exposed: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P308 + P313	IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.
P309 + P311	IF exposed or if you feel unwell: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P332 + P313	IF SKIN irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P333 + P313	IF SKIN irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
P335 + P334	Brush off loose particles from skin. Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages.
P337 + P313	IF eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.
P342 + P311	IF experiencing respiratory symptoms: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P370 + P376	In case of fire: Stop leak if safe to Do so.
P370 + P378	In case of fire:
P370 + P380	In case of fire: Evacuate area.
P370 + P380 + P375	In case of fire: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion.
P371 + P380 + P375	In case of major fire and large quantities: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion.
Storage
Code	Phrase
P401
P402	Store in a dry place.
P403	Store in a well-ventilated place.
P404	Store in a closed container.
P405	Store locked up.
P406	Store in corrosive resistant/ container with a resistant inner liner.
P407	Maintain air gap between stacks/pallets.
P410	Protect from sunlight.
P411
P412	Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/ 122 oF.
P413
P420	Store away from other materials.
P422
P402 + P404	Store in a dry place. Store in a closed container.
P403 + P233	Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
P403 + P235	Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool.
P410 + P403	Protect from sunlight. Store in a well-ventilated place.
P410 + P412	Protect from sunlight. Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/122oF.
P411 + P235	Keep cool.
Disposal
Code	Phrase
P501	Dispose of contents/container to ...
P502	Refer to manufacturer/supplier for information on recovery/recycling

Physical hazards
Code	Phrase
H200	Unstable explosive
H201	Explosive; mass explosion hazard
H202	Explosive; severe projection hazard
H203	Explosive; fire, blast or projection hazard
H204	Fire or projection hazard
H205	May mass explode in fire
H220	Extremely flammable gas
H221	Flammable gas
H222	Extremely flammable aerosol
H223	Flammable aerosol
H224	Extremely flammable liquid and vapour
H225	Highly flammable liquid and vapour
H226	Flammable liquid and vapour
H227	Combustible liquid
H228	Flammable solid
H229	Pressurized container: may burst if heated
H230	May react explosively even in the absence of air
H231	May react explosively even in the absence of air at elevated pressure and/or temperature
H240	Heating may cause an explosion
H241	Heating may cause a fire or explosion
H242	Heating may cause a fire
H250	Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air
H251	Self-heating; may catch fire
H252	Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire
H260	In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously
H261	In contact with water releases flammable gas
H270	May cause or intensify fire; oxidizer
H271	May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidizer
H272	May intensify fire; oxidizer
H280	Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated
H281	Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury
H290	May be corrosive to metals
Health hazards
Code	Phrase
H300	Fatal if swallowed
H301	Toxic if swallowed
H302	Harmful if swallowed
H303	May be harmful if swallowed