| 77% |
With C57H45N6P2Ru(1+)*CF3O3S(1-); hydrogen In tetrahydrofuran; water at 20 - 130℃; for 25h; Autoclave; Schlenk technique; |
|
| 67% |
With hydrogen In water High Pressure; heating at 320°C, 260 atm total pressure;; |
|
| 40.49% |
With sodium tetrahydroborate; zinc(II) oxide In water at 90℃; for 6h; |
5
The reduction of sodium bicarbonate was performed using sodium borohydride as reducing agent in the presence of various metal oxide catalyst such as Aeroxide P90 Ti02 CuO and ZnO as catalyst. Initially known quantities of sodium bicarbonate (10 g/l), reducing agent sodium borohydride (10 g/l) and metal oxide catalyst (0.23 w/v%) added into the water (350 ml). The reaction solution was stirred at 650 rpm andsubsequently solution was heated at 90 C & atmospheric pressure for 6 hrs. When the desired reaction temperature (90 C) was reached, then it was considered as the zero reaction time and sample was withdrawn through the sample tube as a zero time sample. Subsequently samples were withdrawn at specific time intervals through the sample tube. Table 5 shows the amount of sodium formate formed during the reduction reaction. |
| 28.6% |
With 5% Pd/C; hydrogen In water at 20℃; for 1h; |
|
| 28.6% |
With 5%-palladium/activated carbon; hydrogen In water for 1h; |
1
General procedure: The hydrogenation of bicarbonate was carried out in the Parr micro-reactor, the dehydrogenation of formate was carried out in the reactor illustrated in FIG. 1. The fresh catalyst system after one cycle reaction (bicarbonate hydrogenation and formate dehydrogenation) was noted as spent 1 cycle. After every reaction, the spent catalyst system was separated by centrifugation and washed with water and ethanol 5 times, then dried at 50° C. in N2. The hydrogenation reaction conditions were: 20 mL H2O, 1M concentration of ammonium bicarbonate, 20° C. reaction temperature, 400 psi (H2) reaction pressure, 0.1 g fresh and spent catalyst system loading, 1 hour reaction time. Dehydrogenation reaction conditions were: 20 mL H2O, 1M concentration of ammonium formate, 80° C. reaction temperature, 1 atm (N2) reaction pressure, 0.1 g catalyst system loading, one hour reaction time. In the hydrogenation reaction system using a Pd/AC (5 wt % Pd) nano-catalyst system and 20 mmol NH4HCO3 in 20 ml H2O (NH4HCO3 concentration=1 mol/L), the ability to produce formate was determined. A high yield of ammonium formate, 59.6%, with a TON of 1103 was gained after reacting for 1 hour when the initial H2 pressure was 5.5 MPa. By extending the reaction time to 2 hours, a 90.4% formate yield with a TON of 1672 was obtained. As a side-by-side comparison, a [{RuCl2(benzene)}2] homogeneous catalyst was used under the similar reaction conditions (5 MPa initial H2 pressure and a 2-hour reaction time). Using the [{RuCl2(benzene)}2] homogeneous catalyst a yield of formate 35% with a TON of 807 was gained from 24 mmol NaHCO3 in the solution of 25 ml H2O and 5 ml THF solvent (reagent concentration<1 mol/L). These results indicate that the hydrogen storage process based on the reduction of ammonium bicarbonate over the Pd/AC heterogeneous catalyst system is more efficient than a homogeneous catalyst. |
| 15% |
With [bis(2-methylallyl)cycloocta-1,5-diene]ruthenium(II); (dicyclohexylphosphanyl)(naphthalen-1-yl)methanone; hydrogen In methanol at 20 - 80℃; for 20h; Autoclave; |
|
|
With hydrogen In not given High Pressure; catalyst: Ruffert-Ni on wax, 200°C, 190 atm H2;; |
|
|
With hydrogen In water High Pressure; at temp. <270°C, high pressure;; |
|
|
With hydrogen In water High Pressure; at temp. <270°C, high pressure;; |
|
|
With hydrogen In water High Pressure; at temp. <270°C, high pressure;; |
|
|
With hydrogen In water High Pressure; heating aq. NaHCO3 soln. with H2 in the presence of Ni on coke (catalyst) in autoclave at 300°C, 300 atm;; |
|
|
With hydrogen In water Pd catalyst suspended in aq. soln. of NaHCO3, H2 purged slowly; |
|
|
With H2; catalyst: Fe(BF4)2/P(CH2CH2P(C6H5)2)3 In methanol byproducts: H2O; High Pressure; in autoclave, 30-90 bar H2; stirred (400 rpm) for 20 h at 60-100°C, autoclave cooled with ice water and pressure slowly released, soln. fully evapd. in rotary evaporator; detected by NMR (D2O/THF); |
|
| 0% |
With H2; cat.: Fe(BF4)2/tris(2-aminoethyl)amine In methanol High Pressure; in autoclave, 60 bar H2; stirred (400 rpm) for 20 h at 80°C, autoclave cooled with ice water and pressure slowly released, soln. fully evapd. in rotary evaporator; |
|
| 0% |
With H2; cat.: Fe(BF4)2/tris[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine In methanol High Pressure; in autoclave, 60 bar H2; stirred (400 rpm) for 20 h at 80°C, autoclave cooled with ice water and pressure slowly released, soln. fully evapd. in rotary evaporator; |
|
| 0% |
With H2; catalyst: Fe(BF4)2/1,1,1-tris((C6H5)2P)methane In methanol High Pressure; in autoclave, 60 bar H2; stirred (400 rpm) for 20 h at 80°C, autoclave cooled with ice water and pressure slowly released, soln. fully evapd. in rotary evaporator; |
|
| 0% |
With H2; catalyst: Fe(BF4)2/1,1,1-tris((C6H5)2PCH2)ethane In methanol High Pressure; in autoclave, 60 bar H2; stirred (400 rpm) for 20 h at 80°C, autoclave cooled with ice water and pressure slowly released, soln. fully evapd. in rotary evaporator; |
|
| 0% |
With H2; catalyst: Fe(BF4)2/1,1-bis(2-(C6H5)2PC2H4)P(C6H5) In methanol High Pressure; in autoclave, 60 bar H2; stirred (400 rpm) for 20 h at 80°C, autoclave cooled with ice water and pressure slowly released, soln. fully evapd. in rotary evaporator; |
|
|
With H2; catalyst: FeCl2/P(CH2CH2P(C6H5)2)3 In methanol byproducts: H2O; High Pressure; in autoclave, 60 bar H2; stirred (400 rpm) for 20 h at 80°C, autoclave cooled with ice water and pressure slowly released, soln. fully evapd. in rotary evaporator; detected by NMR (D2O/THF); |
|
|
With H2; catalyst: [(RuCl2(benzene))2]/P(CH2CH2P(C6H5)2)3 In methanol byproducts: H2O; High Pressure; in autoclave, 60 bar H2; stirred (400 rpm) for 20 h at 80°C, autoclave cooled with ice water and pressure slowly released, soln. fully evapd. in rotary evaporator; detected by NMR (D2O/THF); |
|
|
With H2; catalyst: [Fe(acetylacetonyl)3]/P(CH2CH2P(C6H5)2)3 In methanol byproducts: H2O; High Pressure; in autoclave, 60 bar H2; stirred (400 rpm) for 20 h at 80°C, autoclave cooled with ice water and pressure slowly released, soln. fully evapd. in rotary evaporator; detected by NMR (D2O/THF); |
|
| 0% |
With H2; catalyst: [HFe3(CO)11](1-)/P(CH2CH2P(C6H5)2)3 In methanol High Pressure; in autoclave, 60 bar H2; stirred (400 rpm) for 20 h at 80°C, autoclave cooled with ice water and pressure slowly released, soln. fully evapd. in rotary evaporator; |
|
| 88 %Spectr. |
With FeH(P(CH2CH2P(C6H5)2)3)(1+)*BF4(1-)=[FeH(P(CH2CH2P(C6H5)2)3)]BF4; hydrogen In methanol at 80℃; for 20h; Autoclave; |
|
|
With H2; catalyst: (RuCl2(benzene))2/dppm In tetrahydrofuran; water 2 h at 70°C at 50 bar H2 or 50 bar H2 and 30 bar CO or at 80 bar H2 and room temp. for 24 h; detd. by NMR; |
|
| 77 %Spectr. |
With [iron(II)-fluoro-tris(2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl)phosphino]tetrafluoroborate; hydrogen In methanol at 100℃; for 20h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; Autoclave; |
|
|
With mercury In water Electrochemical reaction; |
|
|
With (2,6-bis[(di-t-butylphosphino)methyl]phenyl)hydridonickel; hydrogen In methanol at 150℃; for 20h; |
|
| 44.7 %Spectr. |
With triscarbonyl‐(η4–3,4‐bis(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐2,5‐diphenylcyclopenta‐2,4‐dienone)iron; hydrogen In ethanol; water at 120℃; for 24h; Autoclave; |
|
| 100 %Spectr. |
With (1,4-dimethyl-5,7-diphenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6H-cyclopenta[b]pyrazin-6-one) irontricarbonyl complex3; hydrogen In water; dimethyl sulfoxide at 100℃; for 20h; Autoclave; |
|
|
With {RuCl2(m-triphenylphosphine trisulfonate)2}2; hydrogen; tris-(m-sulfonatophenyl)phosphine In water at 80℃; Autoclave; |
|
|
With [Fe(H)(Cl)(CO)(2,6-bis(di-tert-butylphosphinomethyl)pyrazine)]; potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate; hydrogen In tetrahydrofuran; water at 45℃; for 16h; Inert atmosphere; |
|
| 98 %Spectr. |
With [Fe(PNP-iPr)(H)(Br)(CO)]; hydrogen In tetrahydrofuran; water at 80℃; for 24h; |
|
|
With hydrogen at 80℃; for 24h; |
|
|
With hydrogen In water High Pressure; heating aq. NaHCO3 soln. with H2 in the presence of Ni on coke (catalyst) in autoclave at 300°C, 300 atm;; |
|
| 98 %Spectr. |
With (OC-6-52)-[2-[bis(1-methylethyl)phosphino-κP]-N-[2-[bis(1-methylethyl)phosphino-κP]ethyl]ethanamine-κN](carbonyl)(chloro)(hydrido)ruthenium(II); hydrogen In 2-methyltetrahydrofuran; water at 80℃; for 1.63333h; |
|
|
With C89H75N9O2P6Ru2(2+)*2Cl(1-); hydrogen In tetrahydrofuran; water at 130℃; for 0.5h; Autoclave; |
|
|
With (1,4-dimethyl-5,7-diphenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6H-cyclopenta[b]pyrazin-6-one) irontricarbonyl complex3; Cr(3+)*HO(1-)*C8H4O4(2-)*H2O; hydrogen In water; dimethyl sulfoxide at 100℃; for 20h; Autoclave; Inert atmosphere; |
|
|
With hydrogen In water at 99.84℃; |
|
|
With C12H32N4NiO(2+)*2NO3(1-); hydrogen In water at 120℃; for 12h; High pressure; |
2.4.6. Hydrogenation reaction procedure
Hydrogenation reactions were performed in a high-pressurereactor (250 mL). The solution of NaHCO3 was added into the reactoralong with the catalyst. The reactor was then purged with N2before the introduction of H2 (60 bar at room temperature), andthen heated to the chosen temperature accompanied by stirringat 300 rpm. After a specific period of time, the reactor was cooleddown to room temperature and the pressure released. The productwas analyzed using an Agilent 1200 series (Agilent Technologies,Germany) LC system. The product separation was performed at50 C on a BIORAD AmineX HPX-87H Ion Exclusion Column(300 mm 7.8 mm). The flow rate was maintained at 0.75mL/min, run time was 20 min, and the UV detector was set at220 nm. The injection volume of the sample was 10 lL. The calibrationcurve with R2 of 0.999 was obtained with a series of formatesolutions (0.001 to 0.050 M). |
|
With nickel(II) ferrite; hydrogen at 80℃; for 2h; |
Catalytic conversion of sodium hydrogen carbonate to sodium formate through hydrogenation in the presence of nickel ferrite catalyst
To produce the sodium formate (NaHCO2) from sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3), the reaction was carried out in a reactor attached with a round bottom flask. Hydrogen gas was produced in the flask by the reaction of zinc metal rings with sulfuric acid. Sodium hydrogen carbonate (100 mL, 1 M) was put into the reactor. Two hundred milligrams of nickel ferrite catalyst was introduced into the reactor; then, the hydrogen gas was bubbled into the sodium hydrogen carbonate solution for 2 h at a temperature of 80° C and at the atmospheric pressure. The solution was stirred at 100 rpm, and after the completion of the reaction, the left solution was evaporated at 105° C for 24 h to obtain the sodium formate attached over the nickel ferrite catalyst surface. This material was then stored in air tight bags until further use. |
|
With methanol In water at 180℃; for 16h; |
|
| 60.3 %Spectr. |
With [RuHCl(CO)(2,6-bis[(di-tertbutylphosphino)methyl]pyridine)]; hydrogen; Aliquat 336 In water; toluene at 90℃; for 4.5h; Autoclave; Inert atmosphere; Glovebox; Schlenk technique; |
|
Chemistry
Pharmaceutical Intermediates
Inhibitors/Agonists
Material Science
For Research Only
110K+ Compounds
Competitive Price
1-2 Day Shipping
