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Wen Ren ; Yuling Deng ; Jacob D. Ward , et al. Eur. J. Med. Chem.,2024,263,115794. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115794
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Abstract: The synthesis and evaluation of small-molecule inhibitors of tubulin polymerization remains a promising approach for the development of new therapeutic agents for cancer treatment. The natural products colchicine and combretastatin A-4 (CA4) inspired significant drug discovery campaigns targeting the colchicine site located on the beta-subunit of the tubulin heterodimer, but so far these efforts have not yielded an approved drug for cancer treatment in human patients. Interest in the colchicine site was enhanced by the discovery that a subset of colchicine site agents demonstrated dual functionality as both potent antiproliferative agents and effective vascular disrupting agents (VDAs). Our previous studies led to the discovery and development of a 2-aryl-3-aroyl-indole analogue (OXi8006) that inhibited tubulin polymerization and demonstrated low nM IC50 values against a variety of human cancer cell lines. A water-soluble phosphate prodrug salt (OXi8007), synthesized from OXi8006, displayed promising vascular disrupting activity in mouse models of cancer. To further extend structure-activity relationship correlations, a series of 6-aryl-3-aroyl-indole analogues was synthesized and evaluated for their inhibition of tubulin polymerization and cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines. Several structurally diverse molecules in this small library were strong inhibitors of tubulin polymerization and of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. One of the most promising analogues (KGP591) caused significant G2/M arrest of MDA-MB-231 cells, disrupted microtubule structure and cell morphology in MDA-MB-231 cells, and demonstrated significant inhibition of MDA-MB-231 cell migration in a wound healing (scratch) assay. A phosphate prodrug salt, KGP618, synthesized from its parent phenolic precursor, KGP591, demonstrated significant reduction in bioluminescence signal when evaluated in vivo against an orthotopic model of kidney cancer (RENCA-luc) in BALB/c mice, indicative of VDA efficacy. The most active compounds from this series offer promise as anticancer therapeutic agents.
Keywords: Inhibitors of tubulin polymerization ; Vascular disrupting agents ; Indole synthesis ; Molecular docking ; Antiproliferative agents ; Inhibitors of cell migration
Purchased from AmBeed: 128796-39-4 ; 10365-98-7 ; 98-80-6 ; 98437-24-2 ; 5720-05-8 ; 64-86-8 ; 13331-27-6 ; 206551-43-1 ; 63139-21-9 ; 622864-48-6 ; 5720-07-0 ; 87199-18-6 ; 30418-59-8 ; 4521-61-3 ; 4521-61-3 ; 87199-18-6 ; 64-86-8 ; 64-86-8 ; 128796-39-4 ; 5720-05-8 ; 64-86-8 ...More
CAS No. : | 10365-98-7 | MDL No. : | MFCD00161359 |
Formula : | C7H9BO3 | Boiling Point : | - |
Linear Structure Formula : | (HO)2BC6H4OCH3 | InChI Key : | NLLGFYPSWCMUIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
M.W : | 151.96 | Pubchem ID : | 2734370 |
Synonyms : |
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Chemical Name : | 3-Methoxyphenylboronic acid |
Signal Word: | Warning | Class: | N/A |
Precautionary Statements: | P261-P305+P351+P338 | UN#: | N/A |
Hazard Statements: | H315-H319-H335 | Packing Group: | N/A |
GHS Pictogram: |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
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25% | With copper diacetate; triethylamine; In dichloromethane; | Intermediate 25: 2-Chloro-5-(3-methoxyphenoxy)pyrimidine A mixture of <strong>[4983-28-2]2-chloro-5-hydroxypyrimidine</strong> (l .Og, 7.66mmol), 3-methoxyphenyl boronic acid (1.16g, 7.66mmol), copper (II) acetate (1.39g, 7.66mmol), triethylamine(5.34mL, 7.66mmol) and powdered 4A molecular sieves in dichloromethane (30mL) was stirred under air for 3 days. A calcium chloride guard tube was used to protect the reaction from moisture. The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane, filtered and washed with water and brine. The organic phase was dried (MgS04), the solvent removed under reduced pressure and the crude product was purified by flash chromatography, using 0-15percent ethyl acetate:hexane as eluent, to provide 2-chloro-5- (3-methoxyphenoxy)-pyrimidine (0.448g, 25percent) as yellow oil.Mass: (ES+) 237 (M+H)+ NMR: deltaEta (CDC13) 3.82 (3H, s), 6.63 (2H, m), 6.81 (IH, br d), 7.33 (IH, t) and 8.39 (2H, s). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
44.15% | With tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0); caesium carbonate; In ethanol; toluene; at 120℃; for 0.25h;Microwave irradiation; | 6-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-pyrazin-2ylamine To a solution of <strong>[33332-28-4]2-amino-6-chloropyrazine</strong> (0.5 g, 3.85 mmol) in a mixture of toluene/ethanol (4:1 , 10 ml), 3-methoxyphenylboronic acid (0.64 g, 4.24 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphino)palladium(0) (0.13 g, 0.11 mmol) and cesium carbonate (2.51 g, 7.71 mmol) are added, degassed briefly and irradiated in microwave at 120°C for 15 minutes. The reaction mixture is passed through celite, washed with dichloromethane, the filterate is concentrated and purified by column using silica gel (60-120) mesh to get the product as yellow solid (0.34 g, 44.15 percent); TLC: Pet ether/Ethylacetate(7/3) Rf - 0.2; 1H NMR: 400 MHz, DMSO-d6: delta [ppm] 8.27 (s, 1 H), 7.83 (s, 1H), 7.57-7.52 (m, 2H), 7.37 (t, J = 7.88 Hz, 1 H), 7.00-6.97 (m, 1 H), 6.51 (br s, 2H), 3.80 (s, 3H); LCMS: Mass found (M+, 202.3) Method: A-0.1 percent TFA in H20, B-0.1 percent TFA in ACN: Flow - 2.0ml/min. Column: XBridge C8 (50 X 4.6 mm, 3.5 pm), +ve mode Rt (min): 2.48 area percent -98.79 (Max), 99.35 (254 nm). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
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General procedure: A suspension of 3-bromobenzaldehyde (200 mg; commercial) and (3-cyanophenyl)boronic acid neopentyl glycol ester (325 mg; commercial) in toluene/EtOH (2.3 mL; 1 : 1) was treated with sat. aq. Na2C03 (2.3 mL) and degassed by bubbling with nitrogen for 5 min. The suspension was treated with Pd(PPh3)4 (28 mg) and refluxed overnight in a sealed tube. The reaction mixture was allowed to reach rt and diluted with water and EA. The aq. layer was extracted with EA and the combined org. layers were washed with brine, dried over MgS04, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. After purification by CC (Hept/EA 2: 1 to 1 : 1), the title compound was obtained as an off-white solid (325 mg; quantitative yield). Starting from 3-methoxyphenylboronic acid (50 mg), 2-bromoisonicotinaldehyde (61 mg), tetrakis-(triphenylphosphine)-palladium (15 mg) and K2C03 (136 mg), and proceeding in analogy to Preparation A, 2-(3-methoxyphenyl)isonicotinaldehyde was obtained. The latter was reacted without purification with (R)-5-(2-aminoethyl)-3-(3-oxo-3,4-dihydro- 2H-benzo[£][l,4]thiazin-6-yl)oxazolidin-2-one (77 mg; prepared according to WO 2009/104147), in analogy to Example 1, affording after purification by prep-HPLC (Method 1), the title compound as a colourless powder (39 mg; 24percent yield). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
360 mg | With tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0); sodium carbonate; In ethanol; water; at 85.0℃; for 16.0h;Inert atmosphere; | A. 5-Chloro-6-(3-methoxyphenyl)pyridazin-3(2H)-one. To a 50-mL round-bottom flask was placed a solution of <strong>[17285-36-8]5,6-dichloro-2,3-dihydropyridazin-3-one</strong> (990 mg, 6.00 mmol) and (3- methoxyphenyl)boronic acid (900 mg, 5.91 mmol) in EtOH (45 mL) and water (9 mL) then Na2C03 (1062 mg, 10.02 mmol) and Pd(PPh3)4 (288 mg, 0.24 mmol) were added under nitrogen. The reaction was stirred for 16 h at 85°C, cooled to rt, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography eluting with EtO Ac/petroleum ether (2: 1) affording 360 mg of the title compound as a white solid. Mass Spectrum (LCMS, ESI pos): Calcd. for CiiH10ClN2O2+: 237.0 (M+H); Found: 237.0. |
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