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Structure-Based Drug Design of ADRA2A Antagonists Derived from Yohimbine
Artem Chayka ; Michal Česnek ; Erika Kužmová , et al. JMC,2024,67(12):10135-10151. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00323 PubMed ID: 38857067
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Abstract: Yohimbine, a natural indole alkaloid and a nonselective adrenoceptor antagonist, possesses potential benefits in treating inflammatory disorders and sepsis. Nevertheless, its broader clinical use faces challenges due to its low receptor selectivity. A structure–activity relationship study of novel yohimbine analogues identified amino esters of yohimbic acid as potent and selective ADRA2A antagonists. Specifically, amino ester 4n, in comparison to yohimbine, showed a 6-fold higher ADRA1A/ADRA2A selectivity index (SI > 556 for 4n) and a 25-fold higher ADRA2B/ADRA2A selectivity index. Compound 4n also demonstrated high plasma and microsomal stability, moderate-to-low membrane permeability determining its limited ability to cross the blood–brain barrier, and negligible toxicity on nontumor normal human dermal fibroblasts. Compound 4n represents an important complementary pharmacological tool to study the involvement of adrenoceptor subtypes in pathophysiologic conditions such as inflammation and sepsis and a novel candidate for further preclinical development to treat ADRA2A-mediated pathologies.
Purchased from AmBeed: 25952-53-8 ; 36805-97-7 ; 6674-22-2
CAS No. : | 36805-97-7 | MDL No. : | MFCD00015002 |
Formula : | C11H25NO2 | Boiling Point : | - |
Linear Structure Formula : | (C4H9O)2CHN(CH3)2 | InChI Key : | DBNQIOANXZVWIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
M.W : | 203.32 | Pubchem ID : | 547712 |
Synonyms : |
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Signal Word: | Danger | Class: | 3 |
Precautionary Statements: | P501-P240-P210-P233-P243-P241-P242-P264-P280-P370+P378-P337+P313-P305+P351+P338-P362+P364-P303+P361+P353-P332+P313-P403+P235 | UN#: | 1993 |
Hazard Statements: | H225-H315-H319 | Packing Group: | Ⅲ |
GHS Pictogram: |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
In DMF (N,N-dimethyl-formamide); at 20℃; for 1h; | This monomer was generated in situ (during library synthesis) from 4-aza-oxindole and dimethylformamide di-t-butylacetal in DMF.Monomer 9 and Monomer 10 were generated in situ by preparing stock solutions of the corresponding aza-oxindole. For example, 20.1 mg of 4-aza-oxindole was dissolved in 4.0 mL of ethanol. Both of the precursors for monomers 9 and 10 were transferred (0.20 ml/well) to a 96-well dry heating block (vwrBRAND Dry Block Heater, cat No.13259-066) according to the map below where M represents the monomer and A represents the amine. The ethanol was evaporated off at 50 C. until it was clear that there was no solvent remaining. DMF (0.20 mL) was added followed by the addition of dimethylformamide di-t-butylacetal (0.003 mL) and this remained at room temperature for 1 h. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; | Monomer 9: 3-Dimethylaminomethylene-<strong>[5654-97-7]7-azaoxindole</strong> This monomer was generated in situ (during library synthesis) from <strong>[5654-97-7]7-azaoxindole</strong> and dimethylformamide di-t-butylacetal in DMF. | |
In DMF (N,N-dimethyl-formamide); at 20℃; for 1h; | This monomer was generated in situ (during library synthesis) from 7-aza-oxindole and dimethylformamide di-t-butylacetal in DMF.Monomer 9 and Monomer 10 were generated in situ by preparing stock solutions of the corresponding aza-oxindole. For example, 20.1 mg of 4-aza-oxindole was dissolved in 4.0 mL of ethanol. Both of the precursors for monomers 9 and 10 were transferred (0.20 ml/well) to a 96-well dry heating block (vwrBRAND Dry Block Heater, cat No.13259-066) according to the map below where M represents the monomer and A represents the amine. The ethanol was evaporated off at 50 C. until it was clear that there was no solvent remaining. DMF (0.20 mL) was added followed by the addition of dimethylformamide di-t-butylacetal (0.003 mL) and this remained at room temperature for 1 h. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
44% | In toluene; at 80℃; for 2h; | A solution of 4-iodo phenyl acetic acid (Lancaster, 1. 31g, 5mmmmol) in anhydrous toluene (10mL) was heated to 80C and treated with a solution of N, N- dimethyl fonnamide di-t-butyl acetal. After 2 h the reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and subjected to flash column chromatography on silica gel (23-400 mesh) using 10% ethyl acetate in hexane as the eluent to afford the title compound (0.7g, 44%). 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) : 8 7.62 (d, 2H, J= 8.2Hz), 7.01 (d, 2H, J= 8.2Hz), 3. 45 (s, 2H), 1.43 (s, 9H). |
44% | In toluene; at 80℃; for 2h; | 4-Iodo-tert-butyl phenvl acetate (Reagent 10); A solution of 4-iodo phenyl acetic acid (Lancaster, 1. 31g, 5mmmol) in anhydrous toluene (lOmL) was heated to 80C and treated with a solution of N, N- dimethyl formamide di-t-butyl acetal. After 2 h the reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and subjected to flash column chromatography on silica gel (23-400 mesh) using 10% ethyl acetate in hexane as the eluent to afford the title compound (0.7g, 44%). IH NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) : 8 7.62 (d, 2H, J= 8. 2Hz), 7.01 (d, 2H, J= 8. 2Hz), 3.45 (s, 2H), 1.43 (s, 9H). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; | 3-[(Dimethylamino)methylidene]-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridin-2-one This monomer was generated in situ (during library synthesis) from <strong>[32501-05-6]1,3-dihydro-2H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridin-2-one</strong> and dimethylformamide di-t-butylacetal in DMF. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
36 mg (21%) | With methanesulfonic acid; sodium hydrogencarbonate; In methanol; ethanol; water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide; | Example 3A 4-[(2-Oxo-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-ylidene)methyl]amino}benzenesulfonamide Dimethylformamide di-tert-butyl acetal (180 mg, 0.89 mmol) was added to a solution of 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-2-one (70 mg, 0.52 mmol) in 0.25 ml DMF, and the reaction mixture was slowly warmed to 100 C. The cooled solution was then diluted with 5 ml of ethanol. Sulfanilamide (172 mg, 1.00 mmol) and methanesulfonic acid (60 mg, 0.63 mmol) were added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at reflux for 2 hours. The cooled solution was diluted with 4 ml of water, treated with NaHCO3 (70 mg, 0.83 mmol) and stirred 10 min. The resulting solid was filtered, washed with water and ethanol, and then suspended in boiling methanol and filtered upon cooling. Inorganics were removed by filtration through a short silica gel column, eluding with DMF. The resulting solution was diluted with an equal volume of ice water, and the suspension was refrigerated overnight. The solid was isolated by filtration and dried to give 36 mg (21%) of the title compound as a yellow solid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) (4:1 ratio of Z:E isomers): delta (Z) 11.07 (s, 1H), 10.76 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 1H), 8.67 (d, J=12.5 Hz, 1H), 7.92 (d, J=5.1 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (d, J=7.3 Hz, |
36 mg (21%) | With methanesulfonic acid; sodium hydrogencarbonate; In methanol; ethanol; water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide; | EXAMPLE 3 4-[(2-oxo-1,2-Dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-ylidene)methyl]amino}benzenesulfonamide Dimethylformamide di-tert-butyl acetal (180 mg, 0.89 mmol) was added to a solution of 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-2-one (70 mg, 0.52 mmol) in 0.25 ml DMF, and the reaction mixture was slowly warmed to 100 C. The cooled solution was then diluted with 5 ml of ethanol. Sulfanilamide (172 mg, 1.00 mmol) and methanesulfonic acid (60 mg, 0.63 mmol) were added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at reflux for 2 h. The cooled solution was diluted with 4 ml of water, treated with NaHCO3 (70 mg, 0.83 mmol) and stirred 10 min. The resulting solid was filtered, washed with water and ethanol, and then suspended in boiling methanol and filtered upon cooling. Inorganics were removed by filtration through a short silica gel column, eluding with DMF. The resulting solution was diluted with an equal volume of ice water, and the suspension was refrigerated overnight. The solid was isolated by filtration and dried to give 36 mg (21%) of the title compound as a yellow solid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) (4:1 ratio of Z:E isomers): delta (Z) 11.07 (s, 1H), 10.76 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 1H), 8.67 (d, J=12.5 Hz, 1H), 7.92 (d, J=5.1 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.77 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.55 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.25 (s, 2H), 6.93 (dd, J=7.3, 5.1 Hz, 1H); (E) 10.79 (s, 1H), 9.70 (d, J=13.4 Hz, 1H), 8.23 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H). ESI-MS m/z 315 (M-H). Anal. Calcd. for C14H12N4O3S. 0.5 H2O: C, 51.68; H, 4.03; N, 17.03. Found: C, 51.75; H, 3.95; N, 17.26. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; | 3-[(Dimethylamino)methylidene]-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-2-one This compound was prepared in situ (during library synthesis) from <strong>[5654-97-7]1,3-dihydro-2H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-2-one</strong> and dimethylformamide di-t-butylacetal in DMF. |
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