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CAS No. : | 4254-14-2 | MDL No. : | MFCD00066248 |
Formula : | C3H8O2 | Boiling Point : | - |
Linear Structure Formula : | - | InChI Key : | DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N |
M.W : | 76.09 | Pubchem ID : | 259994 |
Synonyms : |
|
Num. heavy atoms : | 5 |
Num. arom. heavy atoms : | 0 |
Fraction Csp3 : | 1.0 |
Num. rotatable bonds : | 1 |
Num. H-bond acceptors : | 2.0 |
Num. H-bond donors : | 2.0 |
Molar Refractivity : | 18.86 |
TPSA : | 40.46 Ų |
GI absorption : | High |
BBB permeant : | No |
P-gp substrate : | No |
CYP1A2 inhibitor : | No |
CYP2C19 inhibitor : | No |
CYP2C9 inhibitor : | No |
CYP2D6 inhibitor : | No |
CYP3A4 inhibitor : | No |
Log Kp (skin permeation) : | -7.42 cm/s |
Log Po/w (iLOGP) : | 0.93 |
Log Po/w (XLOGP3) : | -0.92 |
Log Po/w (WLOGP) : | -0.64 |
Log Po/w (MLOGP) : | -0.63 |
Log Po/w (SILICOS-IT) : | -0.54 |
Consensus Log Po/w : | -0.36 |
Lipinski : | 0.0 |
Ghose : | None |
Veber : | 0.0 |
Egan : | 0.0 |
Muegge : | 2.0 |
Bioavailability Score : | 0.55 |
Log S (ESOL) : | 0.33 |
Solubility : | 164.0 mg/ml ; 2.16 mol/l |
Class : | Highly soluble |
Log S (Ali) : | 0.55 |
Solubility : | 272.0 mg/ml ; 3.58 mol/l |
Class : | Highly soluble |
Log S (SILICOS-IT) : | 0.56 |
Solubility : | 275.0 mg/ml ; 3.61 mol/l |
Class : | Soluble |
PAINS : | 0.0 alert |
Brenk : | 0.0 alert |
Leadlikeness : | 1.0 |
Synthetic accessibility : | 1.18 |
Signal Word: | Warning | Class: | N/A |
Precautionary Statements: | P305+P351+P338 | UN#: | N/A |
Hazard Statements: | H319 | Packing Group: | N/A |
GHS Pictogram: |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
90% | at 105 - 110℃; for 8 h; Large scale | R - Preparation of propylene carbonate,R-1,2-propanediol was added to a glass-lined reactor(38.05 kg, 500Mol),Diethyl carbonate(70.88 kg, 600 mol) and (3.4 kg, 50 mol) of sodium ethoxide,Heated to 105-110 ° C,Reaction for 8 hours,The reaction is terminated,The unreacted diethyl carbonate was distilled off under reduced pressure,Cooled to room temperature,Filter insoluble matter,The filtrate was evaporated to remove the solvent of product R - propylene carbonate 34.24 kg,Purity ≥ 99percentThe yield was 90percent. |
81.2% | With sodium methylate In ethanol at 80℃; | Example 1 Preparation of (R)-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one To the mixture of diethyl carbonate (380 ml, 15.1 mol) and 200 g of (R)-1,2-propanediol was added 40 ml of denatured ethanol (the solution of 9 g sodium methoxide dissolved in 50 ml of anhydrous ethanol), the resulting solution was heated to 80° C., then ethanol was distilled off slowly. The reaction process was monitored by TLC, after TLC showed that only trace amount of (R)-1,2-propanediol remained or (R)-1,2-propanediol was undetectable, ethanol was distilled under vacuum by water pump at 120° C. until no ethanol dropped out. The residue was distilled under vacuum to give the title compound as a colorless transparent liquid (111 g, 81.2percent yield, purity 97percent by GC) |
44.5 g | With sodium ethanolate In ethanol at 80℃; | The 1000 ml hydrogenation vessel was evacuated and then passed through nitrogen,Then add 500ml ethanol, 2g5percent Pd / C, 2.5g caustic soda, cool to -10 ,Slowly add 50g of S-glycidol,Then, hydrogen gas (about 2 atmospheres) was passed for 4 hours,To no longer consume hydrogen so far, filtered and concentrated to give 48 g of a colorless oil. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
86% | With dmap; triethylamine; In dichloromethane; at 0 - 20℃; | Dimethylaminopyridine (82 mg, 0.67 mmol) was added to a solution of (R)-propane- 1 ,2-diol (5.17 g, 67.9 mmol) and trityl chloride (19.2 g 68.9 mmol) in DCM (200 mL) at 0 C. Triethylamine (23.5 mL, 168.6 mmol) was then added dropwise to this mixture. The solution was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was washed with 1.0 N aq HCl (50 mL), washed with brine (50 mL), dried over Na2S04, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography to give (R)-l-(trityloxy)propan-2-ol (18.6 g, 86%) as a white solid. 'H NMR (DMSO-d6): delta 7.43-7.22 (m, 15H), 4.64 (d, 1H), 3.78 (m, 1H), 2.94 (dd, 1H), 2.70 (dd, 1H), 1.06 (d, 3H). |
84% | With dmap; triethylamine; In dichloromethane; at 0 - 20℃; | Dimethylaminopyridine (165 mg, 1.35 mmol) was added to a solution of (R)propane-1,2-diol (10.3 g, 135.4 mmol) and trityl chloride (38.1 g 136.7 mmol) in DCM (400 mL) at 0 C. Triethylamine (47.2 mL, 338.4 mmol) was then added dropwise to the reaction mixture. The solution was allowed to warm to room temperature and stuffed overnight. The reaction mixture was washed with 1.0 N aq HC1 (200 mL), washed with brine, dried(Na2504), and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography to give the title compound (36.4 g, 84%) as a white solid. ?HNMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): 7.76-7.21 (m, 15H), 4.69 (d, J= 5.6 Hz, 1H), 3.82-3.76 (m, 1H), 2.94 (dd, J= 8.7, 5.7 Hz, 1H), 2.69 (dd, J= 8.7, 5.7 Hz, 1H), 1.06 (d, J= 6.4 Hz, 3H). |
With dmap; triethylamine; In toluene; at 0 - 20℃; for 20h; | ii) (2/?)-l-(triphenylmethoxy)-2-propanol; To a suspension of (2/?)-l,2-propanediol (1.9mL) in toluene (20mL) was added triethylamine(8.3mL) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (32mg). The mixture was ice-cooled and 1,1',."-(chloromethylidyne)tris-benzene (6.6g) was added and the mixture stirred at ambienttemperature for 20h. The reaction mixture was diluted with toluene then extracted withammonium chloride solution (x2), then brine (xl) and the organic layer was dried (MgSO4),filtered and evaporated. The resulting oil was triturated with iso-hexane to give subtitlecompound as a white solid. Yield: 4g'H NMR: 6 (CDC13) 1.09 (d, 3H), 2.34 (d, 1H), 2.97 (dt, 1H), 3.15 (dd, 1H), 3.97 (m, 1H),7.23 (m, 3H), 7.28 (m, 6H), 7.45 (m, 6H) |
With 2-(Dimethylamino)pyridine; triethylamine; In dichloromethane; at 20℃;Cooling with ice; | In a 1000ml bottle, 24.0g (0.315moL) of (R)-1,2-propylene glycol, 0.25g of N,N-dimethylaminopyridine, 350mL of dichloromethane and 46.0g (0.45moL) of triethylamine were added, the mixture was cooled in ice-bath, and stirred with a magnetic agitator. 88.7g (0.315moL) of triphenylchloromethane was added in portions within about 1 h, the ice-bath was removed after 1.5 h, and the temperature was elevated to room temperature at which the reaction was performed for about 15 h (until triphenylchloromethane was disappeared by TLC detection). Distilled water (100mL) was added to dissolve the triethylamine hydrochloride yielded during the reaction, and the mixture was then transferred into a separatory funnel for layering. The oil phase was washed in order with 5% sodium bicarbonate (2x100ml) and distilled water (100ml), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate was distilled at a reduced pressure to remove the solvent to obtain 96.6g of (R)-1-O-triphenylmethyl-1,2-propylene glycol, which was directly used in the next reaction step. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With sodium perchlorate; hydrogen; chloro[(1S,2S)-N-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine]-(mesitylene) ruthenium (II); In methanol; at 30℃; under 76005.1 Torr; for 17h;Product distribution / selectivity; | An example of synthesizing optically active 1,2-propanediol by hydrogenation of acetol is described below. A 50 mL stainless steel autoclave was charged with RuCl[(S,S)-Tsdpen](mesitylene) (0.93 mg, 0.0015 mmol) and NaClO4 (9.2 mg, 0.075 mmol) under argon. Then acetol (111 mg, 1.5 mmol) and methanol (3.0 mL) were added thereto. After pressurization with hydrogen, substitution was conducted five times. Hydrogen was charged to 100 atm to initiate reaction. After stirring for 17 hours at 30C, the reaction pressure was reduced to normal. The product was analyzed by 1H-NMR and HPLC reporting synthesis of (R)-1,2-propanediol in 63% ee and 97% yield. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
>= 99.9%Chromat. | With potassium tert-butylate; hydrogen;[tris(mu-chloro)bis((triphos)ruthenium(II))] chloride; In methanol; at 100℃; under 30003 Torr; for 12h;Inert atmosphere; Autoclave;Product distribution / selectivity; | Example 27 Hydrogenation of methyl D-(+)-lactate [Ru2(mu-Cl)3(triphos)2]Cl (8.4 mg), potassium tert-butoxide (18.6 mg), and methyl D-(+)-lactate (optical purity: 99.2% ee) (0.85 g) were added into a 100-ml autoclave equipped with a glass inner tube, and the autoclave was purged with hydrogen. 3.0 ml of methanol was added thereto under an argon atmosphere, the autoclave was purged with hydrogen, and then hydrogen was further included in the autoclave up to 4.0 MPa. The contents of the autoclave were heated and stirred at 100C for 12 hours. After cooling, the reaction liquid was analyzed by gas chromatography, and it was found that (2R) -1, 2-propanediol was produced at a yield of 99. 9% or more. The product was further induced to a bis-benzoate form and was analyzed, and as a result, the optical purity was found to be 93.6% ee. |
With hydrogen;C40H39BN2P2Ru; In tetrahydrofuran; at 80℃; under 34503.5 - 37503.8 Torr; for 5h;Product distribution / selectivity; | Example 16 Hydrogenation of methyl (R)-2-hydroxypropionate A ruthenium complex 1 (0.125 mmol) was charged into a 100-mL autoclave equipped with a stirrer, and air inside the autoclave was replaced with nitrogen. Tetrahydrofuran (40 ml) and methyl (R)-2-hydroxypropionate (25 mmol, 99.3% ee) were added thereinto. Then, the mixture was subjected to hydrogenation at a hydrogen pressure of 4.6 MPa to 5 MPa at 80 C. for 5 hours. The reaction liquid was analyzed by gas chromatography. As a result, (R)-1,2-propanediol was obtained at a conversion rate of 98.6% and a selectivity of 98.4%. The obtained alcohol had an optical purity of 96.6% ee. | |
With hydrogen; sodium methylate;[carbonylchlorohydrido{bis[2-(diphenylphosphinomethyl)ethyl]amino}ethylamino] ruthenium(II); In methanol; at 30℃; under 37503.8 Torr; for 16h;Product distribution / selectivity; | Example 2Hydrogenation of methyl(R)-lactate was carried out according to the following reaction scheme. A solution of methyl(R)-lactate (10 mmol) having optical purity of 99.3% ee, the complex 1a (0.01 mmol) produced in Example 1, methanol (7.6 mL), and 0.5 M of sodium methoxide in methanol (0.4 mL) was added to a 100 mL autoclave equipped with a stirrer, and the hydrogenation-reduction was carried out at 30 C. for 16 hrs with hydrogen pressure of 5 MPa. As a result of the analysis of the reaction solution according to gas chromatography, the conversion rate was 96.3%. Optical purity of the alcohol obtained was 99.1% ee. |
1.97 g | With sodium tetrahydroborate; at -5℃; for 3.5h; | Example: 4 Preparation of 2-(R)-hydroxypropanol (XII) Sodium borohydride (1 .81 g) was added to a stirred, cold solution of methyl (D)-lactate (5 g) in methanol (25 ml) at -5C in divided portions over a period of 0.5 h. The reaction mixture was stirred at this temperature for 3 h when the reaction was complete as indicated by TLC. The reaction mixture was neutralized with concentrated hydrochloric acid until the pH of the mixture attained the range 6- 7, and then concentrated under reduced pressure at 40C. The residue thus obtained was dissolved in ethyl acetate (30 ml) and filtered. The filtrate was washed with water (1 X 20 ml), brine (1 X 5 ml), dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure at 40C to give the product XII; yield: 1 .97 g. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
The catalytic resolution of 1,2-propanediol involvedtwo reactions by hydrogen transfer. The fi rst step(a) was the catalytically oxidative kinetic resolutionof 1,2-propanediol, and the second step (b) was thecatalytically AH of acetol (Scheme 2). In the catalytically oxidized kinetic resolution and AHof acetol, all reactions were conducted under a nitrogenatmosphere using analogous Schlenk-type techniques.Typically, 0.5 mg (S)-Cat, 28 mL acetone, 0.56 mg KOHin 10 mL water, and 7 mL 1,2-propanediol were orderlyadded into 100 mL fl asks, and the mixture was stirredat 40C for 20 h. After the reaction, the catalyst wasfi ltered from the mixture, and 5 muL fi ltrate was extractedby syringe for further gas chromatography (GC)analysis. Other liquids were separated by miniaturevacuum distillation from the solution of acetone andwater. The remainder liquid, containing (R)-1,2-propanediol and acetol, was introduced into the step (b)reaction. The liquid, as substrate, and a supplemental 5mL isopropaneol and 10 mL 5.6 g L-1 KOH aqueous solution were orderly placed in 100 mL fl asks. Themixture was degassed thrice, and 0.5 mg (R)-Cat wasadded. The reaction system was stirred while beingheated to 40C until reaction completion. The workup ofstep (b) was conducted by the analogous method of step(a). Obtained samples were analyzed by GC (GC4011Achromatograph equipped with a fl ame ionizationdetector and CP-Chirasil-Dex CB capillary column),and 1-butaneol was added as internal standard. Productquality was assessed on a GC-MS spectrometer (GCQ,Thermo Finnigan). The collected (R)- and (S)-Cat weretested for the next run without further modifi cation. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
90% | With sodium ethanolate; at 105 - 110℃; for 8h;Large scale; | R - Preparation of propylene carbonate,R-1,2-propanediol was added to a glass-lined reactor(38.05 kg, 500Mol),Diethyl carbonate(70.88 kg, 600 mol) and (3.4 kg, 50 mol) of sodium ethoxide,Heated to 105-110 C,Reaction for 8 hours,The reaction is terminated,The unreacted diethyl carbonate was distilled off under reduced pressure,Cooled to room temperature,Filter insoluble matter,The filtrate was evaporated to remove the solvent of product R - propylene carbonate 34.24 kg,Purity ? 99%The yield was 90%. |
81.2% | With sodium methylate; In ethanol; at 80℃; | Example 1 Preparation of (R)-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one To the mixture of diethyl carbonate (380 ml, 15.1 mol) and 200 g of (R)-1,2-propanediol was added 40 ml of denatured ethanol (the solution of 9 g sodium methoxide dissolved in 50 ml of anhydrous ethanol), the resulting solution was heated to 80 C., then ethanol was distilled off slowly. The reaction process was monitored by TLC, after TLC showed that only trace amount of (R)-1,2-propanediol remained or (R)-1,2-propanediol was undetectable, ethanol was distilled under vacuum by water pump at 120 C. until no ethanol dropped out. The residue was distilled under vacuum to give the title compound as a colorless transparent liquid (111 g, 81.2% yield, purity 97% by GC) |
44.5 g | With sodium ethanolate; In ethanol; at 80℃; | The 1000 ml hydrogenation vessel was evacuated and then passed through nitrogen,Then add 500ml ethanol, 2g5% Pd / C, 2.5g caustic soda, cool to -10 ,Slowly add 50g of S-glycidol,Then, hydrogen gas (about 2 atmospheres) was passed for 4 hours,To no longer consume hydrogen so far, filtered and concentrated to give 48 g of a colorless oil. |
With sodium methylate; at 105 - 108℃; for 8h; | (1) adding R-1,2-propanediol to the reactor,Diethyl carbonate and sodium ethoxide, heated to 105-108 C,The reaction was stopped for 8 hours and the reaction was terminated.The unreacted diethyl carbonate was distilled off under reduced pressure and cooled to room temperature.Insoluble matter is filtered off, concentrated under reduced pressure,Obtaining R-propylene carbonate;The molar ratio of the R-1,2-propanediol to the diethyl carbonate and the sodium ethoxide is 1:1.15:0.82; | |
With sodium ethanolate; In ethanol; at 80 - 150℃; | Sodium ethoxide in diethyl carbonate (1.78 kg, 15.1 moles) and denatured ethyl alcohol (210 g of sodium ethoxide in 21% w / w ethanol) was added to a solution of (R) -1,2-propanediol Theoretically 1.0 kg based on the amount of (S) -glycidol) and the solution is heated to 80-150 C. and the ethanol is distilled off. Additional diethyl carbonate (0.16 kg) is added to the reaction mixture if necessary to achieve reaction completion, then distilled to remove ethanol. Reaction completion is monitored by TLC indicating that there is no detectable (R) -1,2-propanediol or a trace amount. Fractional distillation of the residue at 120 C. and 10-17 mm Hg gave the title compound as a colorless liquid. The purity of the product is the purity by GC analysis, typically at least 96%. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
86% | With 1H-imidazole; In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 20℃; | Imidazole (1.86 g, 27.4 mmol) was added to a mixture of (R)-propane-1,2-diol (1 mL, 13.7 mmol) and TBSCl (4.1 mL, 16.44 mmol) in DMF (13 mL) at RT. The reaction was stirred at RT overnight, then was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was extracted with DCM (25 mL) and washed with water (20 mL). The aqueous layer was re-extracted with DCM (25 mL), and the combined organic extracts were washed with brine (20 mL), dried (MgSO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude oily product (6 g) was chromatographed (120 g SiO2; continuous gradient from 0-20%, EtOAc in hexane) to afford Part A compound (3.69 g, 86% yield) as a colorless oil. [M+H]+ not observed in LC/MS. 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 7.67 (m, 4H), 7.41 (m, 6H), 3.91 (m, 1H), 3.61 (dd, 1H), 3.45 (dd, 1H), 2.58 (d, 1H), 1.10 (d, 3H), 1.07 (s, 9H). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With hydrogen;ruthenium on silica; In Dimethyl ether; at 150℃; for 0.666667h;Product distribution / selectivity; | Hydrogenation of methyl lactate Experiments 4-7:; Table : List of performed experiments Samples are taken at regular intervals after the substrate feed is started. Substrate feed rate = 100P1/MIN Results : | |
With hydrogen;Ru/C; In Dimethyl ether; at 150℃; for 0.833333h;Product distribution / selectivity; | Hydrogenation of methyl lactate Experiments 4-7:; Table : List of performed experiments Samples are taken at regular intervals after the substrate feed is started. Substrate feed rate = 100P1/MIN Results : |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
63% | Benzoyl chloride (10.98 mL, 94.62 mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of <strong>[4254-14-2](R)-(-)-1,2-propanediol</strong> (6.00 g, 78.85 mmol) and 2,4,6-collidine (7.22 mL, 54.67 mmol) in 100 mL of anhydrous dichloromethane at-78 C. The reaction was stirred at-78 C for three hours and at room temperature for 1 hr, before quenching with water (10 mL) for 15 minutes. The quenched mixture was washed with 0.5N HCI (4 x 50 mL) until the dark color diminished, and then with saturated NaHC03 solution (4 x 50 mL) and brine. The organic layer was separated, dried over Na2S04 and concentrated. Chromatography (silica gel 230- 400 Mesh, 1: 9 ethyl acetate/Hexane) of the residue afforded 8.9 g (63%) of (2R)- 2-Hydroxypropyl benzoate as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): No. 1.13 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 3H), 3.93 (m, 1H), 4.10 (m, 2H), 4.95 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.64 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H) ; MS (ESI) m/z 181 (M+H) +. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
84.3% | Triisopropylchlorosilane (11.1 mL, 52.6 mmol) was added to a solution of (2R)-propane-1 ,2-diol (4000 mg, 52.6 mmol) anddiisopropylethylamine (12.8 mL, 73.6 mmol) in dichloromethane (90 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. TLC indicated and LCMS of an aliquot indicated substantial amount of the starting material was not consumed. 2 equivalents of imidazole followed by N,N- dimethylformamide (10 mL) were added. The mixture was stirred for another day. TLC and LCMS of an aliquot indicated the desired product was produced. The mixture was quenched with 1 N hydrochloric acid (50 mL) and extracted with diethyl ether (200 mL x 2). The organic layers were combined, washed with brine and concentrated. Purification by column chromatography eluting with 0 - 30% ethyl acetate in hexane gave the title compound (R)-1-(triisopropylsilyloxy)propan-2-ol (10.3 g, 84.3%) as a colorless liquid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) delta ppm 3.85 (m, 1 H), 3.69 (dd, J = 9.6, 3.4 Hz, 1 H), 3.44 (dd, J = 9.6, 7.9 Hz, 1 H), 2.57 (d, J = 3.0 Hz, 1 H), 1.12 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 3 H), 1.06-1.04 (m, 21 H). MS (M+1): 233.5. | |
With 1H-imidazole; In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 0 - 20℃; for 20.25h; | Triisopropylsilyl chloride (83.8 mL, 390 mmol) was added slowly over 15 minutes to a solution of (2i?)-prorhoane-l,2-diol (29.7 g, 390 mmol) in DMF at 00C (100 mL) keeping the internal temperature below 150C. This was followed by addition of imidazole (66.4 g, 975 mmol) and the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to RT and stirred under argon for 20 hours. The reaction was quenched with IM hydrochloric acid/diethyl ether (300 mL/800 mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with IM hydrochloric acid followed by saturated brine solution. The organic layer was dried (MgSO4), filtered and evaporated. Purification by distillation at lOmmHg, 90-104C, afforded the title compound as colourless oil (69.5 g). 1H NMR delta (CDCl3): 1.05 (s, 18H), 1.05-1.1 (m, 3H), 1.05 (d, 3H), 2.55 (s, 1H), 3.45 (dd, 1H), 3.7 (dd, 1H), 3.85 (m, 1H). | |
93%Chromat. | With 1H-imidazole; In acetonitrile; at 0 - 20℃; for 7h; | To a solution of (R)-1,2-propanediol (100 g, 1.314 mol) and imidazole (116 g, 1.708 mol) in acetonitrile (600 mL) at 0 C. was added triisopropylchlorosilane (TIPSCl, 266 g, 1.380 mol) dropwise over 3 h while maintaining the batch temperature at 0-5 C. The resulting slurry was stirred for additional 1 h at 0-5 C. and 3 h at ambient temperature. The reaction was quenched by addition of 15% NaCl aqueous solution (1 L) and toluene (800 mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with 15% NaCl aqueous solution (500 mL). 282.8 g of the desired product (93% yield GC assay).GC Method Column: Agilent 19091Z-413E, 30 m × 0.32 mm × 0.25 um Const flow 1.5 mL/min Oven temp: 60 C., hold 2 min, ramp 25 C./min to 220 C. then 40 C./min to 280 C. Retention times: 2.85 min (R)-1,2-propanediol 6.06 min TIPSCl Product 7.56 min |
Triisopropylsilyl chloride (83.8 mL, 390' mmol) was added slowly over 15 minutes to a solution of <strong>[4254-14-2](2R)-propane-1,2-diol</strong> g, 390 mmol) in DMF at 0C (100 mL) keeping the internal temperature below 15C. This was followed by addition of imidazole (66.4 g, 975 mmol) and the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to RT and stirred under argon for 20 hours. The reaction was quenched with 1M hydrochloric acid/diethyl ether (300 mL/800 mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with 1 M hydrochloric acid followed by saturated brine solution. The organic layer was dried (MgS04), filtered and evaporated. Purification by distillation at 10mmHg, 90-104C, afforded the title compound as colourless oil (69.5 g). ¹H NMR No. (CDCl3): 1.05 (s, 18H), 1.05-1.1 (m, 3H), 1.05 (d, 3H), 2.55 (s, 1H), 3.45 (dd, 1H), 3.7 (dd, 1H), 3.85 (m, 1H). | ||
Triisopropylsilyl chloride (83.8 mL, 390 mmol) was added slowly over 15 minutes to a solution of (2i?)-propane-l,2-diol (29.7 g, 390 mmol) in DMF at O0C (100 mL) keeping the internal temperature below 15C. This was followed by addition of imidazole (66.4 g, 975 mmol) and the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to RT and stirred under argon for 20 hours. The reaction was quenched with IM hydrochloric acid/diethyl ether (300 mL/800 mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with IM hydrochloric acid followed by saturated brine solution. The organic layer was dried (MgSO4), filtered and evaporated. Purification by distillation at lOmmHg, 90-104C, afforded the title compound as colourless oil (69.5 g). 1H NMR delta (CDCl3): 1.05 (s, 18H), 1.05-1.1 (m, 3H), 1.05 (d, 3H), 2.55 (s, IH), 3.45 (dd, IH), 3.7 (dd, IH), 3.85 (m, IH). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With triethylamine; In dichloromethane; | Example 1a (R)-1-(Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl(oxy))-propan-2-ol A solution of 5 g (65.70 mmol) of R-1,2-propanediol, 6.15 ml (68 mmol) of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran and 0.2 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid-pyridinum salt in 100 ml of dichloromethane is stirred for 20 hours at 25 C. Then, it is neutralized by adding triethylamine, and then the reaction solution is concentrated by evaporation in a vacuum. After column chromatography on silica gel with a mixture that consists of ethyl acetate/hexane, 7.08 g (44.18 mmol; 67%) of 1a is obtained. 1H-NMR (CDCl3): delta 1.13 (3H), 1.48-1.59 (4H), 1.70-1.90 (2H), 3.40-4.00 (5H), 4.55 (1H) ppm. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
EXAMPLE 20 (R)-1,2-Propanediol The title compound can be prepared from (R)-lactic acid using a procedure similar to that of C. Melchiorre (Chem. Ind., 1976, 218). [alpha]D20: -17.3 (neat). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
EXAMPLE 2 R(-)-prop-an-1,2-diol is prepared analogously to Example 1 but using D(+)-lactide instead of L(-)-lactide as the starting material. 31.3 g (69% of theory) of the R(-)-propane diol are isolated in the form of a colourless oil with a rotation of [alpha]D 20=-17.2. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
78.9% | With hydrogenchloride; In methanol; toluene; | Example 20 (R)-(-)-1,2-propanediol In 250 ml of toluene were placed 61.5 g (0.42 mole) of isobutyl (R)-(+)-lactate and 11.5 g (0.305 mole) ofsodium borohydride. Thereto was dropwise added 54 g (1.69 moles) of methanol at room temperature with stirring so that the internal temperature of the reaction system could be kept at 40C or less. Stirring was conducted at room temperature and, after 2 hours, the disappearance of the raw material was confirmed by GC. To the reaction mixture was added 50 ml of methanol, and stirring was conducted at room temperature for 1 hour to deactivate the remaining sodium borohydride. To the reaction mixture was dropwise added a 35% aqueous hydrochloric acid solution for neutralization to pH 7.3. The resulting material was filtered through Celite. The toluene layer as filtrate was subjected to vacuum distillation. The residue was subjected to distillation at a boiling point of 111C/5.3 KPa to obtain 18.3 g (yield: 78.9%) of (R)-(-)-1,2-propanediol. [alpha]D26: -21.9 (c=7.5, H2O) [Reference Value in Synthesis, 142 (1984), [alpha]D25: -20.1 (c=8, H2O)] |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid; In benzene; for 8h;Heating / reflux; | Step B: (1R)-2-Bromo-1-methylethyl Benzoate A solution of <strong>[4254-14-2](2R)-propylene glycol</strong> (20.0 g, 262.8 mmol), benzaldehyde (33.4 mL, 328.6 mmol, 1.25 eq) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (2.5 g, 0.05 eq) in benzene (200 mL) was refluxed for 8 h with removal of water via a Dean-Stark apparatus. The cooled solution was diluted with diethyl ether (100 mL), washed with aqueous NaOH (15%, 100 mL), brined (100 mL) and dried over Na2SO4. After filtration, removal of solvent under reduced pressure gave 44 g of crude benzldehyde <strong>[4254-14-2](2R)-propylene glycol</strong>acetal as an oil. | |
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid; In benzene; for 8h;Reflux; | Step B: (1R)-2-Bromo-1-methylethyl benzoate (1b)A solution of <strong>[4254-14-2](2R)-propylene glycol</strong> (20.0 g, 262.8 mmol), benzaldehyde (33.4 mL, 328.6 mmol, 1.25 eq) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (2.5 g, 0.05 eq) in benzene (200 mL) was refluxed for 8 h after which water was removed using a Dean-Stark apparatus. The cooled solution was diluted with diethyl ether (100 mL), washed with aqueous NaOH (15%, 100 mL), brined (100 mL) and dried over Na2SO4. After filtration, removal of solvent under reduced pressure gave 44 g of crude benzaldehyde <strong>[4254-14-2](2R)-propylene glycol</strong>acetal as an oil.To a solution of the above crude benzaldehyde <strong>[4254-14-2](2R)-propylene glycol</strong>acetal (10.0 g, 60.9 mmol) in hexane (100 mL) was added N-bromosuccinamide (NBS) (11.9 g, 67 mmol, 1.1 eq). The resulting mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The suspension was filtered through Celite and the filtrate was diluted with hexane (300 mL), washed with saturated NaHCO3 (100 mL) and brine (100 mL), and dried over Na2SO4. After filtration, removal of the solvent under reduced pressure gave the title compound 1b (quantitative yield) as an oil. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): delta 1.48 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H), 3.58 (m, 2H), 5.31 (m, 1H), 7.43 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.53 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 8.05 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H). | |
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid; In benzene; for 8h;Reflux; | A solution of <strong>[4254-14-2](2R)-propylene glycol</strong> (20.0 g, 262.8 mmol), benzaldehyde (33.4 mL, 328.6 mmol, 1.25 eq) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (2.5 g, 0.05 eq) in benzene (200 mL) was refluxed for 8 h after which water was removed using a Dean-Stark apparatus. The cooled solution was diluted with diethyl ether (100 mL), washed with aqueous NaOH (15%, 100 mL), brined (100 mL) and dried over Na2SO4. After filtration, removal of solvent under reduced pressure gave 44 g of crude benzaldehyde <strong>[4254-14-2](2R)-propylene glycol</strong>acetal as an oil. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
In Isopropyl acetate; water; at 55 - 60℃; for 8 - 10h;Product distribution / selectivity; | EXAMPLE 8; Preparation of atorvastatin calcium (R)-propylene glycol solvateAtorvastatin calcium (1 g) was dissolved in 2 mL of (R)-propylene glycol followed by the addition of 7 mL of isopropyl acetate and 0.6 mL of water. The resulting mixture was warmed to 55-60 C. and stirred for 8-10 hours to afford a white suspension. The suspension was cooled to 20-25 C. and filtered and dried under vacuum at 50-60 C. to give 0.7 g Atorvastatin calcium (R)-propylene glycol solvate. (R)-Propylene glycol content: 6.3% by NMR, KF=0.2%. The DSC and IR of this material are shown as FIGS. 13 and 14 respectively. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
at 130 - 140℃; under 1 - 1.5 Torr;Product distribution / selectivity; | EXAMPLE 7; Desolvation of atorvastatin calcium propylene glycol solvateAtorvastatin calcium propylene glycol solvate was desolvated by distillation using Kugelrohr distillation. Thus, a Kugelrohr distillation flask (500 mL) was charged with 30 g of atorvastatin calcium propylene glycol solvate (as prepared according to the processes described in examples 1 to 6) was distilled at 130-140 C. under vacuum (11.5 mmHg). The propylene glycol was collected in the chilled receiver to afford 1.1 g propylene glycol (purity 100% by NMR). The resulting specific rotation of the propylene glycol was -8.36 (c=7.5 in water) indicating that it is enriched in the R-enantiomer and confirming the preferential formation of atorvastatin R-propylene glycol solvate. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Example 3. Separation of rac.-1,2-propanediol using the chiral selector generated from (4R,5R)-bis(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane and Ti(O-isopropyl)4 6.5 mmol (3.0 g) of (4R,5R)-bis(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane and 6.5 mmol (1.83 g) of titanium tetraisopropoxide are put into 20 ml of diphenyl ether in a glove box. The resulting yellow solution is stirred under protective gas at 90 C. for 60 min. This is followed by addition of 13 mmol (0.98 g) of rac.-1,2-propanediol and stirring for a further 10 min, and then the resulting isopropanol is distilled out under about 20 mbar. Subsequently, about 0.75 g of a mixture of diphenyl ether and 1,2-propanediol is distilled out at 1 mbar and 90 C. The enantiomeric excess determined by gas chromatography (Chirasil Dex CB, TFA derivatization) for (S)-1,2-propanediol is 16%. Example 4. Separation of rac.-1,2-propanediol using the chiral selector generated from (4R,5R)-bis(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane and Ti(O-isopropyl)4 6.5 mmol (3.0 g) of (4R,5R)-bis(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane and 6.5 mmol (1.83 g) titanium tetraisopropoxide are put into 20 ml of diphenyl ether in a glove box. The resulting yellow solution is stirred under protective gas at 90 C. for 60 min. This is followed by addition of 26 mmol (1.96 g) of rac.-1,2-propanediol and stirring for a further 10 min, and then the resulting isopropanol is distilled out under about 20 mbar. Subsequently, about 0.75 g of a mixture of diphenyl ether and 1,2-propanediol is distilled out at 1 mbar and 90 C. The enantiomeric excess determined by gas chromatography (Chirasil Dex CB, TFA derivatization) for (S)-1,2-propanediol is 7.4%. | ||
Example 25. Separation of rac.-1,2-propanediol using a chiral selector generated from (4R,5R)-bis(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane and Ti(O-isopropyl)4 in the presence of didodecylamine6.5 mmol (3.0 g) of (4R,5R)-bis(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane, 6.5 mmol (1.83 g) of titanium tetraisopropoxide and 13 mmol (4.6 g) of didodecylamine are put into 20 ml of diphenyl ether in a glove box. The resulting clear solution is stirred under protective gas at 90 C. for 60 min. This is followed by addition of 26 mmol (1.98 g) of rac.-1,2-propanediol and stirring for a further 10 min. The resulting isopropanol is then distilled out under about 20 mbar. Subsequently, about 3.15 g of a mixture of diphenyl ether and 1,2-propanediol is distilled out at 1 mbar and 90 C. The (S)-1,2-propanediol enantiomeric excess determined by gas chromatography (BGB-174S, TFA derivatization) was 17.6%. | ||
Example 24. Separation of rac.-1,2-propanediol using a chiral selector generated from (4R,5R)-bis(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane and Ti(O-isopropyl)4 in the presence of 2-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol and 3-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol6.5 mmol (3.0 g) of (4R,5R)-bis(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane, 6.5 mmol (1.83 g) of titanium tetraisopropoxide and 13 mmol (2.32 g) of a mixture of 2-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol and 3-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol are put into 20 ml of diphenyl ether in a glove box. The resulting orange solution is stirred under protective gas at 90 C. for 60 min. This is followed by addition of 13 mmol (0.99 g) of rac.-1,2-propanediol and stirring for a further 10 min. The resulting isopropanol is then distilled out under about 20 mbar. Subsequently, about 1.0 g of a mixture of diphenyl ether and 1,2-propanediol is distilled out at 1 mbar and 90 C. The enantiomeric excess determined by gas chromatography (BGB-174S, TFA derivatization) for (S)-1,2-propanediol was 9.2%. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Put 5.648 g (74.23 mmol) <strong>[4254-14-2](2R)-propane-1,2-diol</strong> in 30 ml THF. Add 4.165 g (37.11 mmol) potassium tert.-butylate and stir for a further 15 min at RT. Then cool to 0 C. and add a solution of 5.00 g (14.85 mmol) 4-chloro-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-phenylfuro[2,3-d]pyrimidine in 15 ml THF dropwise over a time of 30 min. Then leave to return to RT and stir for a further 3 h. Then dilute with dichloromethane, add water and acidify with 10% citric acid solution. Separate the phases, extract the aqueous phase once with dichloromethane, combine the organic phases, wash once with satd. sodium chloride solution, dry over magnesium sulphate and concentrate by evaporation. Purify by chromatography on silica gel (solvent: cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 7:3). According to 1H-NMR, the isolate is a mixture of the two title compounds. A total of 3.56 g (63.7% of theor.) is obtained. LC-MS (Method 8): Rt=2.71 min (single peak); m/z=377 (M+H)+ 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): delta=8.50 (2*s, 2*1H), 7.62 (m, 2*2H), 7.42 (m, 2*2H), 7.31 (m, 2*3H), 6.97 (m, 2*2H), 5.31 (m, 1*1H), 4.48 (dd, 1*1H), 4.14 (dd, 1*1H), 4.01 (m, 1*1H), 3.39 (2*s, 2*3H), 3.72 (m, 1*1H), 3.55 (m, 1*1H), 1.31 (d, 1*3H), 1.15 (d, 1*3H). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
82.5%Chromat. | With hydrogen;dihydridotetrakis(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium; [2-((diphenylphospino)methyl)-2-methyl-1,3-propanediyl]bis[diphenylphosphine]; In methanol; at 80℃; under 37503.8 Torr; for 13h;Inert atmosphere; Autoclave; | Example 43 Hydrogenation of methyl D-(+)-lactate Methyl D- (+) -lactate (optical purity: 99.2% ee) (0.52g), RuH2(PPh3)4 (11.5 mg), triphos (6.2 mg), and 3 ml of methanol were added into a 100-ml autoclave having a stirrer placed inside, under a nitrogen atmosphere. The autoclave was purged with hydrogen, and then hydrogen was further included in the autoclave up to 5.0 MPa. The contents of the autoclave were heated and stirred at 80C for 13 hours. After cooling, the reaction liquid was analyzed by gas chromatography, and it was found that (2R)-1,2-propanediol was produced at a yield of 82.5%. The product was further induced to a carbonate form and was analyzed, and as a result, the optical purity was found to be 88.9% ee. |
With hydrogen;carbonylhydrido(tetrahydroborato)[bis(2-diphenylphosphinoethyl)amino]ruthenium(II); In isopropyl alcohol; at 80℃; under 37503.8 Torr; for 16h;Product distribution / selectivity; | Example 14Hydrogenation of methyl(R)-lactate was carried out according to the following reaction scheme. Methyl(R)-lactate (10 mmol) with optical purity of 99.3% ee, the complex 1b (0.01 mmol) produced in Example 1, and isopropanol (7.6 mL) were added to a 100 mL autoclave equipped with a stirrer, and the hydrogenation-reduction was carried out at 80 C. for 16 hrs with hydrogen pressure of 5 MPa. As a result of the analysis of the reaction solution according to gas chromatography, it was found that the conversion rate was 98.4%. Optical purity of the alcohol thus obtained was 81.8% ee. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With benzaldehyde; toluene-4-sulfonic acid; In hexane; benzene; | Step B (1R)-2-Bromo-1-methylethyl benzoate (1b) A solution of <strong>[4254-14-2](2R)-propylene glycol</strong> (20.0 g, 262.8 mmol), benzaldehyde (33.4 mL, 328.6 mmol, 1.25 eq) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (2.5 g, 0.05 eq) in benzene (200 mL) was refluxed for 8 h after which water was removed using a Dean-Stark apparatus. The cooled solution was diluted with diethyl ether (100 mL), washed with aqueous NaOH (15%, 100 mL), brined (100 mL) and dried over Na2SO4. After filtration, removal of solvent under reduced pressure gave 44 g of crude benzaldehyde <strong>[4254-14-2](2R)-propylene glycol</strong>acetal as an oil. To a solution of the above crude benzaldehyde <strong>[4254-14-2](2R)-propylene glycol</strong>acetal (10.0 g, 60.9 mmol) in hexane (100 mL) was added N-bromosuccinamide (NBS) (11.9 g, 67 mmol, 1.1 eq). The resulting mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The suspension was filtered through Celite and the filtrate was diluted with hexane (300 mL), washed with saturated NaHCO3 (100 mL) and brine (100 mL), and dried over Na2SO4. After filtration, removal of the solvent under reduced pressure gave the title compound 1b (quantitative yield) as an oil. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): delta 1.48 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H), 3.58 (m, 2H), 5.31 (m, 1H), 7.43 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.53 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 8.05 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
In dichloromethane; at 0 - 20℃;Industry scale;Product distribution / selectivity; | To a 10 liter mini pilot plant was added 3133 g (21.04 mol) of N,N-dimethylbenzamide 4 followed by 3,624 g (23.7 mol) of phosphorus oxychloride. The resulting suspension was stirred under nitrogen and slowly warmed. The suspension cleared as the reaction was warmed. When the temperature reached 40 C. an exotherm occurred which brought the temperature up to 83 C. over a few minutes. The reaction was stirred at 83 C.The formation of the intermediate Vilsmeier salt was complete in 15 minutes at 85 C. as determined by 1H-NMR. The reaction was stirred an additional 1.5 hrs. The resulting clear, yellow solution was transferred to another 10 liter pilot plant and cooled to 0 C., and then diluted with two liters of dichloromethane (DCM). Two (2) kg (26.3 mole) of (R)-1,2-propanediol was slowly added to the reaction mixture over 2 hours while maintaining the temperature between 0 C. and 10 C.Upon completion of the diol addition, the external cooling was removed and the reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 16 hours.Two (2) L of the reaction mixture was added to 2 L of ice cold water with vigorous stirring to thoroughly mix the two phases. The phases were then separated and the process repeated with the remaining reaction mixture (total 5 times). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (500 mL), dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), and concentrated to yield 3,850 g of a dark-orange oil. The oil was dissolved in heptane (8 L) and the organic phase washed with water (2 L) followed by brine (3×500 mL). The product was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) and concentrated to provide 3,590 g of crude (1R)-2-chloro-isopropyl benzoate 5 as a dark, yellow-orange oil. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): delta 1.47 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H), 3.71 (m, 2H), 5.35 (m, 1H), 7.42 (m, 2H), 7.54 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
To a solution of (R)-propane- 1 ,2-diol (2.82 g, 37.1 mmol) and trityl chloride (10.5 g, 37.7 mmol) in DCM (100 mL) at 0 C, dimethylaminopyridine (53 mg, 0.43 mmol) was added followed by dropwise addition of triethylamine (13.0 mL, 93.3 mmol). The solution was allowed to warm to room temperature, stirred overnight, and re-cooled to 0 C. Methanesulfonyl chloride (3.2 mL, 41.2 mmol) was added to the reaction, and the mixture was stirred for 4 h at 0 C. The reaction was quenched (50 mL IN HC1), and the layers were separated. The organic phase was washed (50 mL IN HC1 and 50 mL brine), dried (Na2S04) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified on a silica gel column to give (R)-l-(trityloxy)propan-2-yl methanesulfonate (13.1 g) as a thick oil which solidified over time. ¾ NMR (DMSO-de): delta 7.50-7.20 (m, 15H), 4.85 (m, 1H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.12 (m, 2H), 1.28 (d, 3H). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
80% | With palladium 10% on activated carbon; hydrogen; In methanol; | (a) (R)-1-(9H-Fluoren-9-yloxy)propan-2-ol (300 mg, 1.25 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (10 mL) and 10% palladium-on-charcoal (25 mg) was added. The mixture was stirred magnetically and the flask evacuated under reduced pressure. Hydrogen was introduced and the flask stirred overnight. The TLC (Hex/EtOAc 1:1) showed complete reaction and the product was purified on a column of silica gel (Et2O/MeOH 9:1) giving (R)-propane-1,2-diol (76 mg, 80%). (c 1.73, CHCl3). 1H and 13C NMR spectra were identical to the (R)-enantiomer prepared earlier.17(b) (S)-1-(9H-Fluoren-9-yloxy)propan-2-ol (305 mg, 1.27 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (10 mL) and 10% palladium-on-charcoal (25 mg) was added. The mixture was stirred magnetically and the flask evacuated under reduced pressure. Hydrogen was introduced and the flask stirred overnight. The TLC (Hex/EtOAc 1:1) showed complete reaction and the product was purified on a column of silica gel (Et2O/MeOH 9:1) giving (S)-propane-1,2-diol (70 mg, 73%). (c 1.38, CHCl3). 1H and 13C NMR spectra were identical to the (S)-enantiomer prepared earlier.17 |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With hydrogen; In methanol; at 125℃; under 111011 - 114761 Torr; for 12h;Autoclave; | To derivatise the propane-1,2-diol produced by the hydrogenation processes 0.28 g (3.7 mmol) propane-1,2-diol were added to 1.2 ml phenylisocyanate (11 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated for 30 mins at 100 C. and then cooled to room temperature. Diethyl ether (5 ml) was then added. The white crystals produced were filtered off and washed with 50 ml hexane. The resulting product was used for analysing the entantiomers, to which end it was separated in a CHIRALCELOD-H chiral HPLC column into heptane/EtOH 80:20. [0043] The results obtained when using L,L-lactide, which was produced according to the instructions in Example 2, are shown in Table 2. [TABLE-US-00002] Starting Quantity Time Temperature Yield e.e. Run Substrate [g] [h] [ C.] [%] [%] 1 L,L-lactide 1.0 12 125 90 88 2 L,L-lactide 0.5 12 150 100 0 [0044] Table 2 shows that the enantiomeric purity of the propanediol resulting from the hydrogenation process is dependent upon the temperature. At a temperature of 150 C. only a racemic mixture is obtained. At 125 C. the e.e. value is 88%. Therefore, a racemic mixture of propane-1,2-diol occurs during the hydrogenation of the lactides. If the temperature is lowered any further there is a risk that the hydrogenation reaction will come to a standstill. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With 1H-imidazole; In dichloromethane; at 0℃; | Example 35A (R)-1-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)propan-2-ol (R)-propane-1,2-diol (5 g) and imidazole (4.5 g) were dissolved in dichloromethane (200 mL). The mixture was cooled to 0 C., and a solution of tert-butylchlorodiphenylsilane (18.1 g) in dichloromethane (50 mL) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was maintained at 0 C. under a drying tube overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered through diatomaceous earth, and concentrated. The crude material was chromatographed on silica gel with 9/1 heptanes/ethyl acetate to afford the title compound. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With acetone; potassium hydroxide; In water; at 40℃; for 20h;Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; | The catalytic resolution of 1,2-propanediol involvedtwo reactions by hydrogen transfer. The fi rst step(a) was the catalytically oxidative kinetic resolutionof 1,2-propanediol, and the second step (b) was thecatalytically AH of acetol (Scheme 2). In the catalytically oxidized kinetic resolution and AHof acetol, all reactions were conducted under a nitrogenatmosphere using analogous Schlenk-type techniques.Typically, 0.5 mg (S)-Cat, 28 mL acetone, 0.56 mg KOHin 10 mL water, and 7 mL 1,2-propanediol were orderlyadded into 100 mL fl asks, and the mixture was stirredat 40C for 20 h. After the reaction, the catalyst wasfi ltered from the mixture, and 5 muL fi ltrate was extractedby syringe for further gas chromatography (GC)analysis. Other liquids were separated by miniaturevacuum distillation from the solution of acetone andwater. The remainder liquid, containing (R)-1,2-propanediol and acetol, was introduced into the step (b)reaction. The liquid, as substrate, and a supplemental 5mL isopropaneol and 10 mL 5.6 g L-1 KOH aqueous solution were orderly placed in 100 mL fl asks. Themixture was degassed thrice, and 0.5 mg (R)-Cat wasadded. The reaction system was stirred while beingheated to 40C until reaction completion. The workup ofstep (b) was conducted by the analogous method of step(a). Obtained samples were analyzed by GC (GC4011Achromatograph equipped with a fl ame ionizationdetector and CP-Chirasil-Dex CB capillary column),and 1-butaneol was added as internal standard. Productquality was assessed on a GC-MS spectrometer (GCQ,Thermo Finnigan). The collected (R)- and (S)-Cat weretested for the next run without further modifi cation. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With acetone; potassium hydroxide; In water; at 40℃; for 20h;Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; | The catalytic resolution of 1,2-propanediol involvedtwo reactions by hydrogen transfer. The fi rst step(a) was the catalytically oxidative kinetic resolutionof 1,2-propanediol, and the second step (b) was thecatalytically AH of acetol (Scheme 2). In the catalytically oxidized kinetic resolution and AHof acetol, all reactions were conducted under a nitrogenatmosphere using analogous Schlenk-type techniques.Typically, 0.5 mg (S)-Cat, 28 mL acetone, 0.56 mg KOHin 10 mL water, and 7 mL 1,2-propanediol were orderlyadded into 100 mL fl asks, and the mixture was stirredat 40C for 20 h. After the reaction, the catalyst wasfi ltered from the mixture, and 5 muL fi ltrate was extractedby syringe for further gas chromatography (GC)analysis. Other liquids were separated by miniaturevacuum distillation from the solution of acetone andwater. The remainder liquid, containing (R)-1,2-propanediol and acetol, was introduced into the step (b)reaction. The liquid, as substrate, and a supplemental 5mL isopropaneol and 10 mL 5.6 g L-1 KOH aqueous solution were orderly placed in 100 mL fl asks. Themixture was degassed thrice, and 0.5 mg (R)-Cat wasadded. The reaction system was stirred while beingheated to 40C until reaction completion. The workup ofstep (b) was conducted by the analogous method of step(a). Obtained samples were analyzed by GC (GC4011Achromatograph equipped with a fl ame ionizationdetector and CP-Chirasil-Dex CB capillary column),and 1-butaneol was added as internal standard. Productquality was assessed on a GC-MS spectrometer (GCQ,Thermo Finnigan). The collected (R)- and (S)-Cat weretested for the next run without further modifi cation. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
66.5% | To a vial containing <strong>[10320-42-0]2-chloro-5-nitropyrimidine</strong> (300 mg, 1.9 mmol) was added DMF (3 mL) followed by (R)-propane-1,2-diol (0.5 mL, 6.81 mmol). Potassium carbonate (520 mg, 3.76 mmol) was then added to the reaction mixture which was allowed to stir vigorously at 65 °C for 1 h. The reaction mixture was then quenched with acetic acid (0.323 mL, 5.64 mmol), diluted with EtOAc and filtered over a pad of silicagel. The filtrate was concentrated before being purified by ISCO (40g Gold Column,0-100percent EtOAc/Hex) to afford Intermediate I-106A as a mixture of regioisomers (64 mg,0.32 mmol, 17percent yield). LC-MS: Method H, MS (ESI) m/z: 199.6 (M+H).; Intermediate I-106A (64.0 mg, 0.321 mmol) was dissolved in THF (5 mL) along with TEA (0.224 mL, 1.607 mmol) and DMAP (7.85 mg, 0.064 mmol). TBS-C1 (242 mg, 1.607 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture which was allowed to stir for 18 h atroom temperature. The reaction mixture was then concentrated and the resulting residue was dissolved in a small amount of methylene chloride and charged to a 24 g silica gel cartridge which was eluted with a 15 mm gradient from 0-100percent EtOAc in hexane. Fractions containing the desired product concentrated to yield Intermediate I-106B (67 mg, 0.214 mmol, 66.5 percent yield). LC-MS: Method H, MS (ESI) m/z: 314.1 (M+H) ?HNMR (400MHz, CDC13) 9.22 (s, 2H), 5.38 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 3.83-3.64 (m, 2H),0.80-0.77 (m, 9H), 0.00 (s, 3H), -0.03 (s, 3H). MS (ESI) m/z 314.1 (M+H). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With potassium carbonate; In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 65℃; for 1h; | To a vial containing <strong>[10320-42-0]2-chloro-5-nitropyrimidine</strong> (300 mg, 1.9 mmol) was added DMF (3 mL) followed by (R)-propane-1,2-diol (0.5 mL, 6.81 mmol). Potassium carbonate (520 mg, 3.76 mmol) was then added to the reaction mixture which was allowed to stir vigorously at 65 °C for 1 h. The reaction mixture was then quenched with acetic acid (0.323 mL, 5.64 mmol), diluted with EtOAc and filtered over a pad of silicagel. The filtrate was concentrated before being purified by ISCO (40g Gold Column,0-100percent EtOAc/Hex) to afford Intermediate I-106A as a mixture of regioisomers (64 mg,0.32 mmol, 17percent yield). LC-MS: Method H, MS (ESI) m/z: 199.6 (M+H). |
Tags: 4254-14-2 synthesis path| 4254-14-2 SDS| 4254-14-2 COA| 4254-14-2 purity| 4254-14-2 application| 4254-14-2 NMR| 4254-14-2 COA| 4254-14-2 structure
Precautionary Statements-General | |
Code | Phrase |
P101 | If medical advice is needed,have product container or label at hand. |
P102 | Keep out of reach of children. |
P103 | Read label before use |
Prevention | |
Code | Phrase |
P201 | Obtain special instructions before use. |
P202 | Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. |
P210 | Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. - No smoking. |
P211 | Do not spray on an open flame or other ignition source. |
P220 | Keep/Store away from clothing/combustible materials. |
P221 | Take any precaution to avoid mixing with combustibles |
P222 | Do not allow contact with air. |
P223 | Keep away from any possible contact with water, because of violent reaction and possible flash fire. |
P230 | Keep wetted |
P231 | Handle under inert gas. |
P232 | Protect from moisture. |
P233 | Keep container tightly closed. |
P234 | Keep only in original container. |
P235 | Keep cool |
P240 | Ground/bond container and receiving equipment. |
P241 | Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/equipment. |
P242 | Use only non-sparking tools. |
P243 | Take precautionary measures against static discharge. |
P244 | Keep reduction valves free from grease and oil. |
P250 | Do not subject to grinding/shock/friction. |
P251 | Pressurized container: Do not pierce or burn, even after use. |
P260 | Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. |
P261 | Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. |
P262 | Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. |
P263 | Avoid contact during pregnancy/while nursing. |
P264 | Wash hands thoroughly after handling. |
P265 | Wash skin thouroughly after handling. |
P270 | Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. |
P271 | Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. |
P272 | Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace. |
P273 | Avoid release to the environment. |
P280 | Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. |
P281 | Use personal protective equipment as required. |
P282 | Wear cold insulating gloves/face shield/eye protection. |
P283 | Wear fire/flame resistant/retardant clothing. |
P284 | Wear respiratory protection. |
P285 | In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection. |
P231 + P232 | Handle under inert gas. Protect from moisture. |
P235 + P410 | Keep cool. Protect from sunlight. |
Response | |
Code | Phrase |
P301 | IF SWALLOWED: |
P304 | IF INHALED: |
P305 | IF IN EYES: |
P306 | IF ON CLOTHING: |
P307 | IF exposed: |
P308 | IF exposed or concerned: |
P309 | IF exposed or if you feel unwell: |
P310 | Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. |
P311 | Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. |
P312 | Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell. |
P313 | Get medical advice/attention. |
P314 | Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell. |
P315 | Get immediate medical advice/attention. |
P320 | |
P302 + P352 | IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water. |
P321 | |
P322 | |
P330 | Rinse mouth. |
P331 | Do NOT induce vomiting. |
P332 | IF SKIN irritation occurs: |
P333 | If skin irritation or rash occurs: |
P334 | Immerse in cool water/wrap n wet bandages. |
P335 | Brush off loose particles from skin. |
P336 | Thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water. Do not rub affected area. |
P337 | If eye irritation persists: |
P338 | Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. |
P340 | Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. |
P341 | If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. |
P342 | If experiencing respiratory symptoms: |
P350 | Gently wash with plenty of soap and water. |
P351 | Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. |
P352 | Wash with plenty of soap and water. |
P353 | Rinse skin with water/shower. |
P360 | Rinse immediately contaminated clothing and skin with plenty of water before removing clothes. |
P361 | Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. |
P362 | Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. |
P363 | Wash contaminated clothing before reuse. |
P370 | In case of fire: |
P371 | In case of major fire and large quantities: |
P372 | Explosion risk in case of fire. |
P373 | DO NOT fight fire when fire reaches explosives. |
P374 | Fight fire with normal precautions from a reasonable distance. |
P376 | Stop leak if safe to do so. Oxidising gases (section 2.4) 1 |
P377 | Leaking gas fire: Do not extinguish, unless leak can be stopped safely. |
P378 | |
P380 | Evacuate area. |
P381 | Eliminate all ignition sources if safe to do so. |
P390 | Absorb spillage to prevent material damage. |
P391 | Collect spillage. Hazardous to the aquatic environment |
P301 + P310 | IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. |
P301 + P312 | IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell. |
P301 + P330 + P331 | IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. |
P302 + P334 | IF ON SKIN: Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages. |
P302 + P350 | IF ON SKIN: Gently wash with plenty of soap and water. |
P303 + P361 + P353 | IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower. |
P304 + P312 | IF INHALED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell. |
P304 + P340 | IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and Keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. |
P304 + P341 | IF INHALED: If breathing is difficult, remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. |
P305 + P351 + P338 | IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. |
P306 + P360 | IF ON CLOTHING: Rinse Immediately contaminated CLOTHING and SKIN with plenty of water before removing clothes. |
P307 + P311 | IF exposed: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. |
P308 + P313 | IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention. |
P309 + P311 | IF exposed or if you feel unwell: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. |
P332 + P313 | IF SKIN irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention. |
P333 + P313 | IF SKIN irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention. |
P335 + P334 | Brush off loose particles from skin. Immerse in cool water/wrap in wet bandages. |
P337 + P313 | IF eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. |
P342 + P311 | IF experiencing respiratory symptoms: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. |
P370 + P376 | In case of fire: Stop leak if safe to Do so. |
P370 + P378 | In case of fire: |
P370 + P380 | In case of fire: Evacuate area. |
P370 + P380 + P375 | In case of fire: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion. |
P371 + P380 + P375 | In case of major fire and large quantities: Evacuate area. Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion. |
Storage | |
Code | Phrase |
P401 | |
P402 | Store in a dry place. |
P403 | Store in a well-ventilated place. |
P404 | Store in a closed container. |
P405 | Store locked up. |
P406 | Store in corrosive resistant/ container with a resistant inner liner. |
P407 | Maintain air gap between stacks/pallets. |
P410 | Protect from sunlight. |
P411 | |
P412 | Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/ 122 oF. |
P413 | |
P420 | Store away from other materials. |
P422 | |
P402 + P404 | Store in a dry place. Store in a closed container. |
P403 + P233 | Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed. |
P403 + P235 | Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool. |
P410 + P403 | Protect from sunlight. Store in a well-ventilated place. |
P410 + P412 | Protect from sunlight. Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/122oF. |
P411 + P235 | Keep cool. |
Disposal | |
Code | Phrase |
P501 | Dispose of contents/container to ... |
P502 | Refer to manufacturer/supplier for information on recovery/recycling |
Physical hazards | |
Code | Phrase |
H200 | Unstable explosive |
H201 | Explosive; mass explosion hazard |
H202 | Explosive; severe projection hazard |
H203 | Explosive; fire, blast or projection hazard |
H204 | Fire or projection hazard |
H205 | May mass explode in fire |
H220 | Extremely flammable gas |
H221 | Flammable gas |
H222 | Extremely flammable aerosol |
H223 | Flammable aerosol |
H224 | Extremely flammable liquid and vapour |
H225 | Highly flammable liquid and vapour |
H226 | Flammable liquid and vapour |
H227 | Combustible liquid |
H228 | Flammable solid |
H229 | Pressurized container: may burst if heated |
H230 | May react explosively even in the absence of air |
H231 | May react explosively even in the absence of air at elevated pressure and/or temperature |
H240 | Heating may cause an explosion |
H241 | Heating may cause a fire or explosion |
H242 | Heating may cause a fire |
H250 | Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air |
H251 | Self-heating; may catch fire |
H252 | Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire |
H260 | In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously |
H261 | In contact with water releases flammable gas |
H270 | May cause or intensify fire; oxidizer |
H271 | May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidizer |
H272 | May intensify fire; oxidizer |
H280 | Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated |
H281 | Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury |
H290 | May be corrosive to metals |
Health hazards | |
Code | Phrase |
H300 | Fatal if swallowed |
H301 | Toxic if swallowed |
H302 | Harmful if swallowed |
H303 | May be harmful if swallowed |
H304 | May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways |
H305 | May be harmful if swallowed and enters airways |
H310 | Fatal in contact with skin |
H311 | Toxic in contact with skin |
H312 | Harmful in contact with skin |
H313 | May be harmful in contact with skin |
H314 | Causes severe skin burns and eye damage |
H315 | Causes skin irritation |
H316 | Causes mild skin irritation |
H317 | May cause an allergic skin reaction |
H318 | Causes serious eye damage |
H319 | Causes serious eye irritation |
H320 | Causes eye irritation |
H330 | Fatal if inhaled |
H331 | Toxic if inhaled |
H332 | Harmful if inhaled |
H333 | May be harmful if inhaled |
H334 | May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled |
H335 | May cause respiratory irritation |
H336 | May cause drowsiness or dizziness |
H340 | May cause genetic defects |
H341 | Suspected of causing genetic defects |
H350 | May cause cancer |
H351 | Suspected of causing cancer |
H360 | May damage fertility or the unborn child |
H361 | Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child |
H361d | Suspected of damaging the unborn child |
H362 | May cause harm to breast-fed children |
H370 | Causes damage to organs |
H371 | May cause damage to organs |
H372 | Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure |
H373 | May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure |
Environmental hazards | |
Code | Phrase |
H400 | Very toxic to aquatic life |
H401 | Toxic to aquatic life |
H402 | Harmful to aquatic life |
H410 | Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects |
H411 | Toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects |
H412 | Harmful to aquatic life with long-lasting effects |
H413 | May cause long-lasting harmful effects to aquatic life |
H420 | Harms public health and the environment by destroying ozone in the upper atmosphere |
Sorry,this product has been discontinued.
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