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| Type | HazMat fee for 500 gram (Estimated) | 
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| Inaccessible (Haz class 6.1), Domestic | USD 80+ | 
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                            The BI-3802 was designed by Boehringer Ingelheim and could be obtained free of charge through the Boehringer Ingelheim open innovation portal opnMe.com, associated with its negative control.
 
                
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    							Batch number can be found on the product's label following the word 'Batch'.
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Search for reports by entering the product batch number.
    							Batch number can be found on the product's label following the word 'Batch'.
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| CAS No. : | 63128-51-8 | 
| Formula : | C9H16O4 | 
| M.W : | 188.22 | 
| SMILES Code : | O=C(O)CCCC(OC(C)(C)C)=O | 
| MDL No. : | MFCD09759103 | 
| InChI Key : | VZHNAVSRNGLHRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N | 
| Pubchem ID : | 11424021 | 
| GHS Pictogram: |   | 
| Signal Word: | Danger | 
| Hazard Statements: | H318 | 
| Precautionary Statements: | P280-P305+P351+P338 | 
| Class: | 8 | 
| UN#: | 3265 | 
| Packing Group: | Ⅱ | 
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.

| Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment | 
|---|---|---|
| 46% | With zinc(II) chloride; at 60℃;Inert atmosphere; | ZnCl2 (4.77 mmol, 0.65 g) and glutaric anhydride (30.93 mmol, 3.53 g) were added to dried and freshly distilled tert-butyl alcohol (186 mmol, 17.8 mL) under an argon atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at 60C overnight and then poured into saturated aqueous solution of NaHCO3 (60 mL) and washed with CH2Cl2 (2x40 mL). The aqueous phase was acidified with conc. H2SO4 (pH = 1) and extracted with CH2Cl2 (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (15 mL), dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated give 5-tert-butoxy-5-oxopentanoic acid (2.67 g, 46%) as a colourless oil; 1H NMR (CDCl3): delta = 1.45 (s, 3H), 1.92 (m, 2H), 2.31 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.42 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H). | 
| 27% | With dmap; 1-hydroxy-pyrrolidine-2,5-dione; triethylamine; In toluene; at 20℃; for 8.5h; | A mixture of glutaric anhydride (10 g, 87.6 mmol), N-hydroxysuccinimide (3 g, 2.1 mmol), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (1.07 g, 8.8 mmol), anhydrous tert-butanol (24 mL, 262 mmol), and triethylamine (3.6 mL, 25.8 mmol) in dry toluene was mixed at room temperature for 30 min, then boiled for 8 hours, and allowed to stand over night at room temperature. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (250 mL), washed with a 10% solution of citric acid (3×100 mL), then with a saturated salt solution (2×50 mL), and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent was removed under vacuum. The product was isolated by flash chromatography on silica gel with an elution mixture of ethyl acetate-hexane (1:1). The yield of ether (1) in the form of colorless oil was 4.5 g (27%), [M+H]+=187.49. | 
| Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment | 
|---|---|---|
| 95% | With benzotriazol-1-ol; 1-ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine; In dichloromethane; at 20℃; for 2h; | EXAMPLE 40; Weinreb amide S2[00250] Weinreb amide S2: Prepared by a modification of a literature method. The starting carboxylic acid Sl (4.4 g, 23.4 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (100 mL). N,O- dimethylhydroxylamineetaCl (2.51 g, 25.7 mmol), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (3.93 g, <n="53"/>25.7 mmol), diisopropylethylamine (9.0 mL, 51.7 mmol), and EDCetaC1 (4.93 g, 25.7 mmol) were added sequentially to the reaction mixture. The solution was allowed to stir at room temperature for 2 h and then concentrated under vacuum to remove most of the CH2CI2. The crude material was diluted with EtOAc (300 mL), and washed successively with 5% aqueous NaHSO4 (3x), 5% aqueous NaHCtheta3 (3x), and brine. The organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated to afford 5.14 g (95% yield) of the product as a pale yellow oil which was used without further purification. TLC Rf = 0.44 (EtOAc/hexanes, v/v, 1:2). 1HNMR (300MHz, CDCl3) delta 3.68 (s, 3H), 3.18 (s, 3H), 2.48 (t, J= 7.4 Hz, 2H), 2.30 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 1.92 (m, 2H), 1.45 (s, 9H), FIG. 57. 13CNMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) delta 174.0, 172.7, 80.2, 77.5, 61.3, 35.0, 32.3, 31.0, 28.2, 20.2, FIG. 58. ESI-TOF-MS: [M+H]+ calculated 232.2, found 232.4. | 
| Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment | 
|---|---|---|
| 27% | With dmap; 1-hydroxy-pyrrolidine-2,5-dione; triethylamine; In toluene; at 115℃; for 16h; | EXAMPLE 39; Carboxylic acid SlO O>k O ^ ^ OH S1[00248] Carboxylic acid Sl: Prepared as previously described in the literature. Glutaric anhydride (10.0 g, 87.6 mmol) was weighed into a dry flask and purged with N2. Dry toluene (50 mL) was added followed by N-hydroxysuccinimide (3.0 g, 26.1 mmol), 4- dimethylaminopyridine (1.07 g, 8.8 mmol), anhydrous tert-butanol (24.3 mL, 262.3 mmol), and triethylamine (3.6 ml, 25.8 mmol). The flask was fitted with a reflux condenser, heated to 115C, and allowed to stir for 16 h under N2. The solution was cooled to room temperature, diluted with 300 mL EtOAc, and washed with 5% aqueous NaHSO4 (3x) followed by brine. The organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude material was purified by chromatography eluting with 1: 1 hexanes/EtOAc to yield 4.48 g (27% yield) of the product as a colorless oil. TLC Rf = 0.34 (EtOAc/hexanes, v/v, 1 : 1). 1HNMR (300MHz, CDCl3): delta 10.83 (br s, IH), 2.42 (t, J= 7.4 Hz, 2H), 2.31 (t, J= 2.31 Hz, 2H), 1.92 (m, 2H), 1.45 (s, 9H). FIG. 55. 13CNMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): delta 179.2, 172.3, 80.5, 34.4, 33.0, 28.0, 20.0. FIG. 56. ESI-TOF-MS: [M-H]" calculated 187.1, found 187.4. | 
 [ 63128-51-8 ]
                                                    
                                                    [ 63128-51-8 ]
 [ 63128-51-8 ]
                                                    
                                                    [ 63128-51-8 ]
 [ 63128-51-8 ]
                                                    
                                                    [ 63128-51-8 ]
 [ 63128-51-8 ]
                                                    
                                                    [ 63128-51-8 ]
| Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment | 
|---|---|---|
| 15% | 65.7 g (325 mmol) 2-c in 200 ml methanol were treated with 235 ml (970 mmol) 10% LiOH solution and stirred under ice cooling for 4 h. Using 2N HCl the reaction mixture was neutralized to a pH of 6.8. Methanol was distilled off and the aqueous residue was diluted with dichloromethane. At 0 C. the pH was brought to 3.8 with 10% citric acid. Standard work up yielded 8.9 g (15%) 2-d. ES-(-)MS (M-H)-187 | 
| Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment | 
|---|---|---|
| 60% | With 1-[bis(dimethylamino)methylen]-1-H-benzotriazolim-tetrafluoroborate-3-oxide; benzotriazol-1-ol; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine; In tetrahydrofuran; at 20℃; | 16.0 g (57.0 mmol) 2-b, 10.8 g (57.2 mmol) 2-d were dissolved in 320 ml THF, 14.9 ml (115.0 mmol) DIPEA, 18.6 g (58.0 mmol) TBTU and 7.7 g (57.0 mmol) HOBt were added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature over night. The mixture was evaporated and extracted with ethylacetate and saturated bicarbonate solution. The combined organic phases were concentrated. The residue was purified by MPLC (silica gel, cyclohexane/ethylacetate=7:3) to yield 14.2 g (60%) of 2-e. ES-MS (M+H)+415 | 
| Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment | 
|---|---|---|
| The synthesis of example 21 involves the preparation of a protected peptide fragment on solid phase and afterwards an acylation at the C-terminus in solution phase (see scheme B) The protected peptide fragment was synthesized by solid phase synthesis on a commercially available chlorotrityl-polystyrene resin (TCP resin, PepChem NMI TT GmbH)(10 g, 14 mmol). The first amino acid Fmoc-Statine (5.7 g, 28 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (50 ml) and Dipea (15 ml) and was added to the resin. The suspension was shaken for 2 hours and methanol (20 ml) was added. After additional 20 minutes of agitation the resin was filtered and washed with dichloromethane (10×) and DMF (5×). Fmoc deprotections were performed by treatment of the resin with 30% piperidine in DMF for 2 and 20 minutes followed by washing the resin with DMF (10×). The acylation reactions were effected by treatment of the resin with a solution of TBTU (4 equiv.), HOBT (4 equiv.), Dipea (12 equiv.) and the corresponding Fmoc-amino acid or carboxylic acid (4 equiv.) in DMF at a concentration of 0.5 mol/l. In case of example 21 Fmoc-Nva, Fmoc-Ile and glutaric acid mono-tert.-butylester were coupled according to the peptide sequence. After completion of the peptide assembly the resin was treated with a solution of 30% hexafluoroisopropanol in dichloromethane (50 ml) for 3 hours. The resin was filtered, washed with dichloromethane and the filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by preparative reversed phase HPLC. The coupling of the protected peptide fragment (44.6 mg; 0.08 mmol) with amines (1.1 equiv., 0.088 mmol) was performed with TBTU (1.1 equiv., 0.088 mmol) in DMF with Dipea (2.5 equiv.) as base for 4 hours. In case of example 21 benzyl amine was applied. The solution was evaporated under reduced pressure, dissolved in methanol and again evaporated. The deprotection of the tBu-ester was performed with 90% TFA/water (2 ml) within 2 hours. The solution was evaporated and the residue was treated with saturated aq. LiOH solution (1 ml) and methanol (1 ml) for 1 hour. 95% TFA/water (300 mul) was added and the solution was evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by preparative reversed phase HPLC applying an acetonitrile/water gradient. The product gave satisfactory analytical data. ES-MS: m/z=591.8 ([M+H]+) | 
| Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment | 
|---|---|---|
| With potassium tert-butylate; In tetrahydrofuran; water; ethyl acetate; | EXAMPLE 31 1-[N-(3-tert-Butoxycarbonylpropyl)carbamoyl]-5-fluorouracil Glutaric anhydride (11.41 g.) was added portion-wise to a solution of potassium tert-butoxide (14.02 g.) in tetrahydrofuran (100 ml.) at ambient temperature. After the exothermic reaction was ceased, the reaction mixture was stirred at 40 C. for 15 minutes. Tetrahydrofuran was distilled off under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in water. After ethyl acetate was added, the solution was adjusted to pH 9 with aqueous potassium carbonate solution under ice-cooling. The separated water layer was washed with ethyl acetate, treated with activated charcoal, overlapped with ethyl acetate, and then adjusted to pH 4.0 with 10% hydrochloric acid under ice-cooling. The ethyl acetate layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, treated with activated charcoal, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give glutaric acid mono-tert-butyl ester (10 g.). | 
| Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment | 
|---|---|---|
| 40% | EXAMPLE 13 Synthesis of Mono-t-butyl Glutarate Glutaric acid anhydride (5.0 g, 44 mmol) and dimethylaminopyridine (5.4 g, 44 mmol) were dissolved in 70 ml of dichloromethane. To this, under cooling at 0 C., was added t-butyl alcohol (3.3 g, 44 mmol). Being intact, stirring continued at room temperature overnight, and then, a majority of methylene chloride was recovered and 100 ml of water was added. The aqueous phase was acidified with citric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate. After the organic phase was washed with saturated brine and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, solvent was removed to afford 3.3 g of the t-butyl ester (yield: 40%). | 
| Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment | 
|---|---|---|
| 75% | A 1M aqueous solution of lithium hydroxide (12.72 ml, 12.72 mmol) was added to a solution of diester (A8) (2.57 g, 12.72 mmol) in dioxane (20 ml) at 0 C. The solution was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and stirred for sixteen hours. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure and aqueous saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate (20 ml) was added. The resultant solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (2*10 ml). The combined organic extracts were washed with aqueous saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate (10 ml). The aqueous extracts were combined and acidified to pH 4 with 10% aqueous citric acid. The acidified solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (5*20 ml). The combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO4), filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to afford mono-tert-butylglutarate acid (A9) as a clear liquid (1.80 g, 75%), RF 0.6 (Ethyl acetate, KMnO4). |