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CAS No. : | 608-28-6 | MDL No. : | MFCD00019012 |
Formula : | C8H9I | Boiling Point : | - |
Linear Structure Formula : | - | InChI Key : | QTUGGVBKWIYQSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
M.W : | 232.06 | Pubchem ID : | 69097 |
Synonyms : |
|
Num. heavy atoms : | 9 |
Num. arom. heavy atoms : | 6 |
Fraction Csp3 : | 0.25 |
Num. rotatable bonds : | 0 |
Num. H-bond acceptors : | 0.0 |
Num. H-bond donors : | 0.0 |
Molar Refractivity : | 49.09 |
TPSA : | 0.0 Ų |
GI absorption : | Low |
BBB permeant : | Yes |
P-gp substrate : | No |
CYP1A2 inhibitor : | Yes |
CYP2C19 inhibitor : | No |
CYP2C9 inhibitor : | No |
CYP2D6 inhibitor : | No |
CYP3A4 inhibitor : | No |
Log Kp (skin permeation) : | -4.91 cm/s |
Log Po/w (iLOGP) : | 2.36 |
Log Po/w (XLOGP3) : | 3.95 |
Log Po/w (WLOGP) : | 2.91 |
Log Po/w (MLOGP) : | 3.83 |
Log Po/w (SILICOS-IT) : | 3.74 |
Consensus Log Po/w : | 3.36 |
Lipinski : | 0.0 |
Ghose : | None |
Veber : | 0.0 |
Egan : | 0.0 |
Muegge : | 1.0 |
Bioavailability Score : | 0.55 |
Log S (ESOL) : | -4.26 |
Solubility : | 0.0127 mg/ml ; 0.0000549 mol/l |
Class : | Moderately soluble |
Log S (Ali) : | -3.65 |
Solubility : | 0.0519 mg/ml ; 0.000224 mol/l |
Class : | Soluble |
Log S (SILICOS-IT) : | -4.13 |
Solubility : | 0.0172 mg/ml ; 0.0000743 mol/l |
Class : | Moderately soluble |
PAINS : | 0.0 alert |
Brenk : | 1.0 alert |
Leadlikeness : | 2.0 |
Synthetic accessibility : | 1.61 |
Signal Word: | Warning | Class: | N/A |
Precautionary Statements: | P305+P351+P338 | UN#: | N/A |
Hazard Statements: | H302-H319 | Packing Group: | N/A |
GHS Pictogram: |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
78% | With iodine; potassium carbonate In acetonitrile at 80℃; for 12 h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; Sealed tube | General procedure: Arylboronic acid 1 (0.5 mmol) and K2CO3 (1 mmol, 138.0mg) were added to a 20 mL Schlenk-tube equipped with amagnetic stir bar. The tube was evacuated twice and backfilledwith N2. MeCN (2 mL) and I2 (0.75 mmol, 191 mg)were added to the tube at r.t. under a stream of N2, and thetube was sealed and placed into a pre-heated oil bath at 80 °Cfor 8–12 h. The resulting solution was cooled to r.t. and H2O(10 mL) was added. The aq layer was extracted with EtOAc (3 × 5 mL). For products 2s and 2t, HCl (1 M) was added tothe aq solution until pH 2 before extraction. The combinedorganic phase was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filteredand concentrated by rotary evaporation. Purification of theresidue by column chromatography on silica gel providedthe desired product 2a–v |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
52% | With potassium permanganate In water; <i>tert</i>-butyl alcohol at 90℃; for 18h; | |
With potassium permanganate |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
67% | General procedure: To a stirring mixture of glacial acetic acid (0.12 mL, 2.1 mmol) and TBN (0.30 mL, ~2.3mmol)inethanol(10mL), Sac -H (0.37g, 2.0 mmol) was slowly added at low temperature (an ice bath). After 5 min, aniline derivative 1(a-l) (2.0 mmol) was added dropwise over 5 minutes into the mixture. The solvent, t -BuOH, and residue TBN were removed under reduced pressure after consuming of aniline derivatives (monitored by a color test of azo coupling with 2-naphthol). Then, 5 mL of 0.4 M TEAI solution was added into stirring as-obtained intermediate 2(a-l) in one portion at low temperature. After confirmation of substrate consumption by a negative test of azo coupling with 2-naphthol, the boiling water was added to the reaction mixture (15 mL) and the aqueous layer was separated. The organic layer was was hed with aq. 10% sodium sulphite (3 ×5 mL), then dried over Na2 SO4 , filtered, and dried under reduced pressure in a rotary evaporator. The purification was conducted by flash chromatography with n-hexane-EtOAc (9:1,v/v) as eluent. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
65% | With potassium phosphate; copper(l) iodide; N,N`-dimethylethylenediamine In dimethyl sulfoxide at 110℃; for 48h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: lithium; diethyl ether / anschliessend Behandeln mit Acetaldehyd 2: activated Al2O3 / 270 - 280 °C / 10 Torr |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: lithium; diethyl ether / anschliessend Behandeln mit Acetaldehyd 2: activated Al2O3 / 270 - 280 °C / 10 Torr 3: KMnO4; aqueous KOH / Erwaermen des Reaktionsprodukts mit H2SO4, Aethanol und Benzol |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
39% | With copper; potassium carbonate;18-crown-6 ether; In tetralin; at 180℃; for 68h; | One 250ml flask was charged with 4-phenyl imidazole (7.08g, 49.12mmole), 2-iodo-m- xylene(9.5g, 40.93mmole), copper (5.721g, 90.046mmole); 18-crown-6 (1.081g, 4.09 mmole), K2CO3 (21.49g, 155.53 mmole) and tetrahydronaphthalene (90ml). Reaction was heated to 180 C for 68hrs. Reaction mixture was then filtered through Celite and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness. The residue was subjected to kugelrohr distillation and 4g of ligand was obtained.(39%). |
39% | With copper; potassium carbonate;18-crown-6 ether; In tetralin; at 180℃; for 68h; | One 250ml flask was charged with 4-phenyl imidazole (7.08g, 49.12mmole), 2- iodo-m-xylene(9.5g, 40.93mmole), copper (5.721g, 90.046mmole); 18-crown-6 (1.08Ig, 4.09 mmole), K2CO3 (21.49g, 155.53 mmole) and tetrahydronaphthalene (90ml). Reaction was heated to 180 C for 68hrs. Reaction mixture was then filtered through Celite and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness. The residue was subjected to kugelrohr distillation and 4g of ligand was obtained.(39%). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine;palladium diacetate; tris-(o-tolyl)phosphine; In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 110℃; | B) (E)-9-(2,6-dimethylstyryl)-2-chloro-/V-(4-(dimethylphosphoryl)phenyl)-9H-purin-6-amine; To an oven-dried 50 mL round-bottom flask were added 2-chloro-Lambda/-(4-(dimethylphosphoryl)phenyl)- 9-vinyl-9/-/-purin-6-amine (0.32 g, 0.93 mmol ), Pd(OAc)2 (10 mg, 0.05 mmol ), tri-o-tolylphosphine (30 mg, 0.1 mmol ), 2-iodo-m-xylene(0.39 g, 1.67 mmol). The mixture was flushed with Ar and then dissolved in -10 mL anhydrous DMF. DIEA (0.39 g, 2.79 mmol) was then added via syringe. The reaction was stirred at 110 0C overnight. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc and filtered through celite, washed with ample -5 % MeOH/EtOAc, the combined organic layer was washed with water twice, dried over Na2SO4. Final product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (4-8 %MeOH/DCM). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
64% | With [1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene](3-chloropyridyl)palladium(ll) dichloride; caesium carbonate; In chlorobenzene; at 80℃; for 24h; | General procedure: The aryl iodide (1.0 mmol), boronic acid (2.0 mmol), PEPPSI-IPr (0.03 mmol), and Cs2CO3 (3.0 mmol) were placed into a 25 mL round-bottomed flask that was fitted with a reflux condenser. Chlorobenzene (5 mL) was added, and the flask was evacuated and backfilled with CO(g) (three cycles). The mixture was heated to 80 C (oil bath) with stirring for 24 h under a balloon of CO(g). The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite, washing with EtOAc. The filtrate was washed with H2O (20 mL), brine (20 mL), dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by flash column chromatography, eluting with the indicated solvent to afford the desired benzophenone. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
93% | With [1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene](3-chloropyridyl)palladium(ll) dichloride; caesium carbonate; In 1,4-dioxane; at 140℃; under 3102.97 Torr; for 24h;Pressure reactor; | General procedure: The aryl iodide (1.0 mmol), boronic acid (2.0 mmol), PEPPSI-IPr (0.03 mmol), and Cs2CO3 (2.5 mmol) were placed into a 10 mL glass sleeve fitted with a rubber septum. The sleeve was then evacuated and backfilled with CO(g) three times. Dioxane (5.0 mL) was added, and the mixture was sparged with CO(g) for 2 min. The rubber septum was then removed, and the glass sleeve was quickly sealed in a stainless steel pressure reactor. The reactor was evacuated and backfilled with CO(g) (three cycles, 60 psi). The reactor was heated at 140 C (oil bath) with stirring for 24 h at 60 psi of CO(g). The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite, washing with EtOAc. The filtrate was washed with H2O (20 mL), brine (20 mL), dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by flash column chromatography, eluting with the indicated solvent to afford the product benzophenone. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
95% | With [1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene](3-chloropyridyl)palladium(ll) dichloride; caesium carbonate; In chlorobenzene; at 80℃; for 24h; | General procedure: The aryl iodide (1.0 mmol), boronic acid (2.0 mmol), PEPPSI-IPr (0.03 mmol), and Cs2CO3 (3.0 mmol) were placed into a 25 mL round-bottomed flask that was fitted with a reflux condenser. Chlorobenzene (5 mL) was added, and the flask was evacuated and backfilled with CO(g) (three cycles). The mixture was heated to 80 C (oil bath) with stirring for 24 h under a balloon of CO(g). The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite, washing with EtOAc. The filtrate was washed with H2O (20 mL), brine (20 mL), dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by flash column chromatography, eluting with the indicated solvent to afford the desired benzophenone. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
95% | With [1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene](3-chloropyridyl)palladium(ll) dichloride; caesium carbonate; In 1,4-dioxane; at 140℃; under 3102.97 Torr; for 24h;Pressure reactor; | General procedure: The aryl iodide (1.0 mmol), boronic acid (2.0 mmol), PEPPSI-IPr (0.03 mmol), and Cs2CO3 (2.5 mmol) were placed into a 10 mL glass sleeve fitted with a rubber septum. The sleeve was then evacuated and backfilled with CO(g) three times. Dioxane (5.0 mL) was added, and the mixture was sparged with CO(g) for 2 min. The rubber septum was then removed, and the glass sleeve was quickly sealed in a stainless steel pressure reactor. The reactor was evacuated and backfilled with CO(g) (three cycles, 60 psi). The reactor was heated at 140 C (oil bath) with stirring for 24 h at 60 psi of CO(g). The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite, washing with EtOAc. The filtrate was washed with H2O (20 mL), brine (20 mL), dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by flash column chromatography, eluting with the indicated solvent to afford the product benzophenone. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
94% | With C20H29Cl2N5O2Pd; potassium carbonate; In ethanol; at 80℃; for 2h; | General procedure: A vial was charged with an aryl halide (0.1 mmol), an aryl or alkylacetylene(0.11 mmol), K2CO3 (0.15 mmol), palladium catalyst (0.05 mol %), and EtOH(2 mL). The mixture was refluxed with stirring for 2 h. After this time, themixture was cooled and CH2Cl2-n-hexane (1:2, 2 mL) and H2O (2 mL) wereadded. The organic layer was separated, filtered through a small amount ofsilica gel and analyzed by GC-MS. The solvent was removed and the residueweighed and analyzed by 1H NMR. |
82% | With C19H25CuN5(1+)*F6P(1-); potassium carbonate; In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 135 - 140℃;Sealed tube; | General procedure: A 20mL scintillation vial was charged with a Teflon stir bar, copper complex (0.1mmol), 76 potassium carbonate (0.75mmol), aryl iodide (0.5mmol), 77 phenylacetylene (0.75mmol) in 5mL non-anhydrous DMF in air. The vial was sealed and placed in an oil bath with pre-adjusted temperature at 135-140C. After the allowed time, the reaction mixture was cooled down, diluted with 25-30mL ethyl acetate, and filtered through a pad of silica gel. The solvent was then removed under vacuum and the residue was purified by column chromatography using mixtures of hexane and ethyl acetate to obtain analytically pure product. |
72% | With bis(cyclohexylisocyanide)palladium(II) chloride; potassium carbonate; benzoic acid hydrazide; In ethanol; at 80℃; for 2h; | General procedure: A solution of comple 1 in ethanol with a required concentrationwas added with stirring to a mixture of iodoarene2a-2g (0.3 mmol), phenylacetylene (3, 0.5 mmol),potassium carbonate (0.7 mmol), and ethanol (2 mL). The mixture was heated for 2 h on an oil bath at a bathtemperature of 80C. After cooling to room temperature,the mixture was diluted with 10 mL of waterand extracted with hexane-methylene chloride (5 : 1,2 × 5 mL), and the combined extracts were dried overanhydrous sodium sulfate and analyzed by GC/MS.The solvent was evaporated, and the product wasisolated by silica gel column chromatography usingn-hexane as eluent.The properties of the isolated compounds were inagreement with the data given in [23-27]. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
88% | With potassium phosphate; C28H47ClN4P2Pd In 1,4-dioxane; ethylene glycol at 140℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
19% | With triethylamine;bis-triphenylphosphine-palladium(II) chloride; copper(l) iodide; at 70℃; for 1.5h; | To a degassed solution of 3-(3-ethynylphenyl)propan-l-ol (11) (0.270 g, 1.7 mmol) and 2-iodo-l,3- dimethylbenzene (0.392 g, 1.7 mmol) in triethylamine (10 mL) was added PdCl2(PPh3)3 (0.036 g, 0.05 mmol) and CuI (0.010 g, 0.05 mmol). The resulting mixture was degassed and stirred under argon at 70 0C for 1.5 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and diluted with EtOAc (30 mL). The solution was filtered through filter paper, washed with water (2x20 mL), dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by flash chromatography (7 to 60% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) gave (3-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)ethynyl)phenyl)propan-l-ol (12) as a light brown oil. Yield (0.085 g, 19%). This material was taken on to the next synthetic step without further purification |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
87% | With copper(l) iodide; cesium hydroxide; butane-2,3-dione dioxime; In water; dimethyl sulfoxide; at 120℃; for 12h; | General procedure: The appropriate aryl halide (1 mmol), CsOH (3 mmol), andH2O (1 mL) were added over 0.1 h, to a stirred solutionof CuI (19.0 mg, 10 mol%) and Dimethylglyoxime (L6;23.2 mg, 20 mol%) in DMSO (1 mL), and the reactionmixture was stirred at 120 C (aryl iodides) or (aryl bromides).The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC(EtOAc-hexane). The reaction mixture was then cooled toroom temperature and acidified with 0.5 M HCl (0.5 mL).The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL)and dried (Na2SO4). Evaporation of the solvent gave a residuethat was purified by column chromatography. |
76% | With water; ethylene glycol; potassium hydroxide; copper dichloride; In dimethyl sulfoxide; at 120℃; for 24h;Inert atmosphere; | To a test tube containing a magnetic bar was added aryl halide (1.0 mmol), CuCl2 (13.4 mg, 0.1 mmol), KOH (336 mg, 6.0 mmol), ethylene glycol(12 muL, 0.2 mmol), and DMSO/H2O (1.0 mL/0.5 mL). After flushing with argon, the mixture was stirred in a preheated oil bath at 120 C for 24 h. After cooled to ambient temperature, the reaction mixture was distributed in aqueous HCl (5 %) and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO4, and concentrated under vacuum. The crude product was further purified by column chromatography (EtOAc/n-Hexane) to provide the phenols. |
65% | With 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)athanol; potassium hydroxide; silver(l) oxide; In water; dimethyl sulfoxide; at 130℃; for 24h; | To a test tube containing a magnetic rod was added 4-iodotoluene, 1.0 mmol, Cu2O (14.3 mg, 0.1 mmol), KOH (169 mg, 3.0 mmol), 2-dimethylaminoethanol , 0.3 mL, 3.0 mmol) and DMSO / H2O (1.5 mL / 0.5 mL). After flushing with argon, the mixture was stirred at 100 & lt; 0 & gt; C for 24 hours in a preheated oil bath. After cooling to ambient temperature, the reaction mixture was distributed in aqueous HCl (5%) and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (EtOAc / n-Hexane) to give phenol. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
59% | With copper(l) iodide; 1,10-Phenanthroline In dimethyl sulfoxide at 60℃; for 16h; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
87 %Spectr. | In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 18h; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
49% | With [1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene](3-chloropyridyl)palladium(ll) dichloride; caesium carbonate; In 1,4-dioxane; at 140℃; under 3102.97 Torr; for 24h;Pressure reactor; | General procedure: The aryl iodide (1.0 mmol), boronic acid (2.0 mmol), PEPPSI-IPr (0.03 mmol), and Cs2CO3 (2.5 mmol) were placed into a 10 mL glass sleeve fitted with a rubber septum. The sleeve was then evacuated and backfilled with CO(g) three times. Dioxane (5.0 mL) was added, and the mixture was sparged with CO(g) for 2 min. The rubber septum was then removed, and the glass sleeve was quickly sealed in a stainless steel pressure reactor. The reactor was evacuated and backfilled with CO(g) (three cycles, 60 psi). The reactor was heated at 140 C (oil bath) with stirring for 24 h at 60 psi of CO(g). The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite, washing with EtOAc. The filtrate was washed with H2O (20 mL), brine (20 mL), dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by flash column chromatography, eluting with the indicated solvent to afford the product benzophenone. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
75% | General procedure: n-BuLi (0.63 mmol, 2.12 M solution in hexanes) was added dropwise to a solution of the alkyne (0.60 mmol) in THF (1.0 mL) at -78 C. The resultant solution was stirred for 30 min, whereupon a solution of ZnBr2 (0.63 mmol) in THF (0.65 mL) was added. The cooling bath was removed, and the solution was warmed to ambient temperature. The aryl iodide (0.30 mmol), PEPPSI-IPr (0.009 mmol), and LiBr (0.90 mmol) were placed into a dry, 10 mL glass sleeve. The sleeve was placed into the metal jacket of the stainless steel pressure reactor, fitted with a rubber septum, and placed under nitrogen. NMP (2 mL) was added, and the mixture was cooled to -78 C, whereupon the previously prepared zinc acetylide solution (2 mL, 0.3 M) was added dropwise. The jacket was removed from the bath, and the pressure reactor was sealed. The reactor was evacuated and backfilled with CO(g) (three cycles, 60 psi). The reactor was heated to 80 C (oil bath) with stirring for 24 h at 60 psi of CO(g). The reaction mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (20 mL) and brine (20 mL). The layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with CH2Cl2 (2×10 mL). The combined organics were dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by flash column chromatography, eluting with the indicated solvent to deliver the desired ketone. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
79% | General procedure: n-BuLi (0.63 mmol, 2.12 M solution in hexanes) was added dropwise to a solution of the alkyne (0.60 mmol) in THF (1.0 mL) at -78 C. The resultant solution was stirred for 30 min, whereupon a solution of ZnBr2 (0.63 mmol) in THF (0.65 mL) was added. The cooling bath was removed, and the solution was warmed to ambient temperature. The aryl iodide (0.30 mmol), PEPPSI-IPr (0.009 mmol), and LiBr (0.90 mmol) were placed into a dry, 10 mL glass sleeve. The sleeve was placed into the metal jacket of the stainless steel pressure reactor, fitted with a rubber septum, and placed under nitrogen. NMP (2 mL) was added, and the mixture was cooled to -78 C, whereupon the previously prepared zinc acetylide solution (2 mL, 0.3 M) was added dropwise. The jacket was removed from the bath, and the pressure reactor was sealed. The reactor was evacuated and backfilled with CO(g) (three cycles, 60 psi). The reactor was heated to 80 C (oil bath) with stirring for 24 h at 60 psi of CO(g). The reaction mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (20 mL) and brine (20 mL). The layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with CH2Cl2 (2×10 mL). The combined organics were dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by flash column chromatography, eluting with the indicated solvent to deliver the desired ketone. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
52% | General procedure: To a reaction tube containing (17alpha-20E)-21-(tri-n-butylstannyl)-19-norpregna-1,3,5(10)20-tetraene-3,17beta-diol, 2a, were added a few crystals of 2,6 di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol and the substituted phenyl/xylyl iodide. The tube was dried under vacuum for 24 h, then exchanged with argon at least four times. Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium (0) (0.024 g, 0.02 mmol) and dried, degassed toluene (5 mL) were added and the reaction was heated at 110 C for 6-18 h. After cooling to room temperature, the reactuib mixture was transferred to a flask with ethyl acetate (50 mL), activated charcoal was added, the mixture heated to boiling, and then filtered through a Celite pad. To the filtrate containing the substituted phenyl vinyl estradiol derivative, fluorsil (4-8 g) was added and then mixture was evaporated to dryness. Hexane was then added to the slurry and the mixture was again evaporated to dryness. The substituted phenyl vinyl estradiol was isolated using flash chromatography and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, elemental analysis |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
40% | With copper(l) iodide; 1,10-Phenanthroline; lithium tert-butoxide; In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 110℃; for 15h;Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: A 10-mL glass vessel equipped with J. Young O-ring tap containing a magnetic stirring bar was flame-dried under vacuum and filled with argon after cooling to room temperature. To this tube were added 2-substituted 2H-indazole (1: 0.40 mmol), CuI (7.6 mg, 0.04 mmol), 1,10-phenanthroline (7.2 mg, 0.04 mmol), LiOt-Bu (64 mg, 0.80 mmol), and haloarene (2: 0.80 mmol), followed by DMF (0.5 mL) under a stream of argon. The tube was sealed with O-ring tap, and then heated at 110 C for 15 h in an eight-well reaction block with stirring. After cooling the reaction mixture to room temperature, the mixture was passed through a short pad of Celite (EtOAc). The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was subjected to preparative HPLC (acetonitrile/water as an eluent) to afford the arylated product 3. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
90% | With bis-triphenylphosphine-palladium(II) chloride; cesium fluoride; In methanol; at 120℃; for 0.333333h;Inert atmosphere; Microwave irradiation; | Bis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(II) chloride (12.10 mg, 0.02 mmol) and methanol (2 mL) were added to a stirred suspension of 2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2H-1,2,3-triazole (21, 96 mg, 0.34 mmol), cesium fluoride (157 mg, 1.03 mmol) and 2-iodo-1,3-dimethylbenzene (0.080 mL, 0.34 mmol) , degazed and under argon. The resulting suspension was heated at 120 C for 20 minutes on the microwaves apparatus.The mixture was adsorbed on silica gel with a methanolic solution of ammonia.The crude product was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel eluting with 10 to 30% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether. The solvent was evaporated to dryness to afford 4-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-2H-1,2,3-triazole (24, 80 mg, 90 %) as a pale colorless gum: UP-LCMS (tR = 0.68 min., purity = 100%), ESI+ m/z, no ion detected; 1H NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz) delta (ppm) 7.60 (s, 1H), 7.20 (dd, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 5.78 (dd, J=8.8, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 4.01 - 4.13 (m, 1H), 3.73 - 3.82 (m, 1H), 2.41 - 2.53 (m, 1H), 2.13 (s, 8H), 1.70 - 1.81 (m, 2H), 1.62 - 1.70 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (CDCl3, 126MHz) delta (ppm) 146.7, 138.2, 135.2, 130.3, 128.9, 127.9, 89.3, 67.7, 29.8, 25.2, 22.1, 21.1; HRMS m/z (ESI+) calculated for C15H19N3O: 174.10257; found: 174.10246 corresponding to M(-C5H8O)+ |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
61% | With tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride; In water; toluene; at 100℃; for 20h; | General procedure: Catalyst 1a22a (43 mg, 0.1 mol % of supported palladium) was added to a solution of aryl iodide (0.40 mmol, 1.0 equiv), aryltrialkoxysilane (0.80 mmol, 2.0 equiv), TBAF·3H2O (252 mg, 0.8 mmol, 2.0 equiv) in a mixture of toluene (5 mL) and H2O (50 muL). The reaction mixture was heated at 100 C for 20 h. After cooling to rt, 1a was filtered under vacuum on a 0.2 mum membrane. The catalyst was successively washed with toluene (10 mL) and Et2O (10 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with H2O (20 mL), dried with MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by flash-chromatography on silica gel. Catalyst 1a was dried under vacuum and can directly be used for another Hiyama coupling. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
22% | With copper(l) iodide; caesium carbonate; N,N`-dimethylethylenediamine; In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 160℃; for 48h;Inert atmosphere; | A pressure flask was charged with 4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1H-imidazole (10.82 g, 60.6 mmol) and 2-iodo-1,3-dimethylbenzene (16.87 g, 72.7 mmol). The reaction mixture was diluted with DMF (60 mL), and copper(I) iodide (1.1 g, 6.1 mmol), N,N-dimethylethane-1,2-diamine (2.6 mL, 24.2 mmol) and cesium carbonate (23.68 g, 72.7 mmol) were added. After degassing with nitrogen, the reaction mixture was stirred in an oil bath at 160 C for 48 h before being diluted with ethyl acetate and filtered through celite. The filtrate was washed with aqueous LiCl, brine and water. The product was purified by chromatography on silica gel with 0-5% EtOAc in DCM to afford 3.8 g (22%) of 4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-1H-imidazole. Synthesis of 3-(1-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-N-(3-(1-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl)phenyl)-N-phenylaniline. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
32% | With copper(l) iodide; tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0); diisopropylamine; In tetrahydrofuran; at 50℃;Inert atmosphere; Reflux; | 3-(2,6-Dimethylphenyl)prop-2-yn-1 -ol (32). A 500 mL 3-neck flask fitted with a stir- bar, condenser, and Ar inlet was charged with <strong>[608-28-6]2,6-dimethyliodobenzene</strong> (21 .6 g, 93.1 mmol), propargyl alcohol (6.78 g, 7.15 mL, 121 mmol), /'Pr2NH (100 mL), and THF (100 mL). The resultant solution was sparged with Ar for 10 min, then Pd(PPh3) (1 .00 g, 0.93 mmol) and Cul (350 mg, 1 .86 mmol) were added. This mixture was heated at 50 C for 1 .5 hr. HPLC analysis showed the reaction to be incomplete. 8 mL more propargyl alcohol was added and the mixture was heated at reflux overnight. The reaction was still incomplete by HPLC analysis. Another 10 mL propargyl alcohol, 500 mg Pd(PPh3) , and 200 mg Cul were added, and the mixture was refluxed for 6 hr. Another 8 mL portion of propargyl alcohol was then added, and the reaction was continued at reflux overnight. The mixture was then cooled, and the solids were filtered off and rinsed with EtOAc (200 mL). The filtrate was concentrated to a dark oil and partitioned with CH2CI2 (500 mL) and saturated NH4CI (250 mL). The organic phase was washed with saturated aqueous NH CI (250 mL) and brine (200 mL) and filtered through phase separation paper. The solution was then filtered through a plug of silica gel. The silica gel was rinsed with CH2CI2 (1 2 L). The combined filtrate was concentrated to 8.5 g of a brown oil. The crude material was chromatographed on silica gel with the product eluting with 10-12% EtOAc in hexanes. The combined fractions were concentrated in vacuo, taken up in CH2CI2 (200 mL), and washed with 5% aqueous Na2S2O3 (200 mL) then brine (200 mL). The solution was filtered through phase separation paper and concentrated in vacuo to give 5.0 g of 32 as an orange solid (32%). 1H NMR (60 MHz, CDCI3): delta 7.3-6.8 (m, 3H), 4.5 (s, 2H), 2.8 (s, 1 H), 2.4 (s, 6H) ppm. HPLC analysis (5:10:85 H2O:A1 :MeOH) showed a purity of greater than 99% with a retention time of 3.7 min |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
77% | With allyl(cyclopentadiene)palladium(II); tetrabutylammomium bromide; triphenylphosphine; potassium hydroxide In water; toluene at 80℃; for 10h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
88% | With tetrabutylammomium bromide; palladium diacetate; triethylamine; 1,3-di-tert-butyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride; In ethanol; water; at 80℃; for 5h; | General procedure: Heck coupling reactions were carried out using aryl iodides (3a-j) (1 mmol), 2-Vinyl-N-Boc-piperidine (2) (1.2 mmol), and Et3N as base (2 mmol) dissolved in 10 ml of aq.ethanol (water/ethanol = 9:1). An appropriate amount of NHC precursor (i) (0.1 mmol), Pd(OAc)2 (0.05 mmol), and TBAB (0.025 mmol) were added to this mixture. The reaction mixture was heated to 80 C for 5 hrs. The coupled product was extracted with DCM (2 x 20 ml). The combined organic layers were dried (anhydrous Na2SO4) and evaporated under reduced pressure to afford a crude product which was subjected to column chromatography to afford pure E-Olefins (4a-j). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
90% | With C20H29Cl2N5O2Pd; potassium carbonate; In ethanol; at 80℃; for 2h; | General procedure: A vial was charged with an aryl halide (0.1 mmol), an aryl or alkylacetylene(0.11 mmol), K2CO3 (0.15 mmol), palladium catalyst (0.05 mol %), and EtOH(2 mL). The mixture was refluxed with stirring for 2 h. After this time, themixture was cooled and CH2Cl2-n-hexane (1:2, 2 mL) and H2O (2 mL) wereadded. The organic layer was separated, filtered through a small amount ofsilica gel and analyzed by GC-MS. The solvent was removed and the residueweighed and analyzed by 1H NMR. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
75% | With C18H33P*CuCl; sodium t-butanolate In toluene at 120℃; for 15h; Inert atmosphere; Glovebox; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
78% | With iodine; potassium carbonate; In acetonitrile; at 80℃; for 12h;Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; Sealed tube; | General procedure: Arylboronic acid 1 (0.5 mmol) and K2CO3 (1 mmol, 138.0mg) were added to a 20 mL Schlenk-tube equipped with amagnetic stir bar. The tube was evacuated twice and backfilledwith N2. MeCN (2 mL) and I2 (0.75 mmol, 191 mg)were added to the tube at r.t. under a stream of N2, and thetube was sealed and placed into a pre-heated oil bath at 80 Cfor 8-12 h. The resulting solution was cooled to r.t. and H2O(10 mL) was added. The aq layer was extracted with EtOAc (3 × 5 mL). For products 2s and 2t, HCl (1 M) was added tothe aq solution until pH 2 before extraction. The combinedorganic phase was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filteredand concentrated by rotary evaporation. Purification of theresidue by column chromatography on silica gel providedthe desired product 2a-v |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
27 %Chromat. | With potassium fluoride; copper(l) iodide; 1,10-Phenanthroline; Trimethyl borate In dimethyl sulfoxide at 60℃; for 5h; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
97% | With copper(l) iodide; potassium tert-butylate; In 1,4-dioxane; at 110℃; for 24h;Sealed tube; Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: A 10 mL flask equipped with a Teflon valve was charged with a magnetic stir bar, CuI (2 mg, 1mol%), Heteroarylamine (1.5 mmol), KOtBu (224 mg, 2.0 mmol), solid aryl halides (1.0 mmol). The tube was evacuated and backfilled with argon. Under a counter flow of argon, dioxane (1.5mL), aryl halides (1.0 mmol, if liquid) were added by syringe. The tube was sealed. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at 110 C (X=I) or 130 C (X= Br) for 24 h. Then the mixture was cooled to room temperature and added 5.0 mL brine. Subsequently, the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layers were collected, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and the solvent was removed under vacuum. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
92% | With potassium carbonate; at 20℃; for 1h; | General procedure: The PdNPs were prepared by using a protocol established from ourgroup.4a A freshly prepared solution of PdNPs (5 mL) was taken up in a25-mL round-bottomed flask. To this solution, K2CO3 (0.138 g, 1mmol was added followed by 4-iodoanisole (0.117 g, 0.5 mmol) or 2-iodo-1,3-dimethylbenzene (0.116 g, 0.5 mmol) and 2-(3-ethynylphenyl)benzofuran (0.109 g, 0.5 mmol). Then, the mixture was stirred atr.t. in an open atmosphere. The reaction was monitored by TLC untilcomplete consumption of the starting materials. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
17.6% | With copper(l) iodide; 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diamine; caesium carbonate; In dimethyl sulfoxide; at 110℃; for 12h;Microwave irradiation; | ER-886137: In a dry microwave reaction vessel was added cesium carbonate (172.5 mg, 0.529 mmol), copper (I) iodide (33.6 mg, 0.176 mmol), 1,1?-binaphthyl-2,2?-diamine (50.2 mg, 0.177 mmol, 2-iodo-1,3-dimethylbenzene (123 mg, 0.53 mmol) in DMSO (0.3 mL) followed by 13 (50 mg, 0.177 mmol). The reaction mixture was microwaved at 110 C. for 12 h after which time the mixture was directly injected on a reverse-phase preparative HPLC column (Water's X-Bridge C18 19×100 mm column; gradient using 0-50% acetonitrile in water containing 0.05% TFA) for purification eluting with, providing a crude product. The crude product was purified over silica gel (Biotage eluting with a gradient from 25% EtOAc in heptane to 100% EtOAc) to provide ER-886137 (12.1 mg, 0.031 mmol, 17.6% yield) after combining the desired collected fractions, concentration and drying in vacuo. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
99% | In glacial acetic acid at 20℃; for 20h; | |
69% | With acetic anhydride; glacial acetic acid at -10 - 20℃; | |
With glacial acetic acid In 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol at 20℃; |
With glacial acetic acid In 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol at 20℃; | Preparation of Aryl(TMP)iodonium(III) Acetate Aryl iodide (30.0 mmol) was dissolved in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE,30.0 mL, 1.0 M), and then AcOOH (60.0 mmol, 9% solution in AcOH, 48.8mL) was added to the reaction mixture. After stirring at roomtemperature for overnight, the reaction mixture was concentrated underreduced pressure. Addition of Et2O to the residue generated aprecipitant, which was collected by filtration to afford the corresponding(diacetoxyiodo)arenes. (Diacetoxyiodo)arene (20.0 mmol) was dissolvedin 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE, 20.0 mL, 1.0 M), and then 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene (TMP-H, 24.0 mmol, 1.2 equiv, 4.04 g) was added tothe reaction mixture at 0 °C. After stirring at room temperature for 24 h,the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. Additionof Et2O to the residue generated a precipitant, which was collected byfiltration to afford the corresponding TMP-iodonium(III) acetate salts |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
60% | With potassium phosphate; copper; In dimethyl sulfoxide; at 100℃; for 24h; | General procedure: A mixture of Cu0 powder (Sigma-Aldrich, <425mum, 99.5% trace metals basis, 0.095mg, 0.015mmol, 3-mol%), anhydrous K3PO4 (0.75mmol), 2-mercaptoimidazole/sulfur-containing azoles (0.5mmol), DMSO (0.2mL) and aryl halide (0.75mmol) were added to a reaction vial and a screw cap was fitted to it. The reaction mixture was stirred under air in a closed system at 100C for 24h. The heterogeneous mixture was subsequently cooled to room temperature and diluted with 4.0mL dichloromethane. The combined organic extracts were dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was loaded onto the column using minimal amounts of dichloromethane and was purified by silica-gel column chromatography to afford the S-arylated product. The identity and purity of products was confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic analys. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
82% | With Pd(tris[2-(diphenylphosphino)ethyl]phosphine tetrasulfide)(dibenzylideneacetone); caesium carbonate; In isopropyl alcohol; at 80℃; for 9h; | General procedure: Iodobenzene (1.2 mmol) and [Pd(pp3S4)(dba)] (1 mol %) were stirred in isopropanol (2.5 ml). Alcohol (1 mmol) followed by Cs2CO3 (5 mol %) were added to the above solution in the atmosphere of air. The mixture was heated to 80 C and the progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. Rest of the procedure is same as described above. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
24% | With dichloro[1,1?-bis[bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phosphino]ferrocene-P,P?]palladium; In 1,4-dioxane; water; at 100.0℃; for 16.0h;Inert atmosphere; | To a so?ution of 5-(4455- tetramethy-1 32-dioxaboroan-2-y)-1 H-benzo[djimidazo-2(3H)-one (ntermediate 28, 100mg 0.38 mmo), potassium phosphate (204 mg, 0.96 mmo), and PdC2(dtbpf) (13 mg0.019 rnrno) in 4:1 dioxane:water (2.0 mL) was added 2,6-dimethyhodobenzene at once(178 mg 0.77 mmo). The mixture was degassed with nitrogen for 10 minutes and then heated at 100 C for 16 h, After cooHg to rt, the reaction mixture was duted wfth water and extracted w[th EtOAc (x 3). The combned organc extracts were dried (Na2SO4), fUtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purficaton (FCC, SO2; 0 - 100% EtOAc/hexanes) afforded the tWe compound as a wh[te sod (22 mg, 24% yed). MS(ES): mass cacd. for C15H14N20, 238.1; m/zfound, 239.0 [M+H]. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 5 713- 7.02 (m, 4H), 6.86- 6.80 (m, 1H), 6.76 (dd, J= 80, 1.4 Hz, 1 H), 2.00 (s, 6H). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
76% | With carbon supported Pd nanoparticles; 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene; In acetonitrile; at 80℃; under 7500.75 Torr; for 12h;Sealed tube; Green chemistry; | In a 20 ml reactor, place 10 ml acetonitrile, 5mmol 1,3-dimethyl-2-iodobenzene, 15mmol PMHS with weight average molecular weight of 2000, 5.5mmol DBU, 0.01mmol palladium carbon catalyst consisting of a mass ratio of 10: 100 palladium nanoparticles and activated carbon carrier. Seal. Heat to 80 C. Place CO2 to 1MPa. React for 12 hours. The results are as follows: 1,3-dimethyl-2-iodobenzene conversion is 100%; main product is 1,3-dimethyl-2-formylbenzene, yield is 76%. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
59% | With 3-chloro-benzenecarboperoxoic acid; In dichloromethane; at 0℃; for 2h;Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; | General procedure: The reaction was generally performed with 2.0 equivalents of TfOH. m-CPBA (65%active oxidant, 2.6 mmol) and aryl iodide (2.3 mmol) were dissolved in DCM (20 mL)in a sealed tube. The arene (2.6 mmol) was added and the solution was cooled to 0 oC,followed by dropwise addition of TfOH (4.6 mmol), and resulted in a colouredsolution. The reaction mixture was stirred for about 2 h, subsequently concentratedunder vacuum. Et2O was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for30 mins to precipitate out an off-white solid. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
81% | With C19H25CuN5(1+)*F6P(1-); potassium carbonate; In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 135 - 140℃;Sealed tube; | General procedure: A 20mL scintillation vial was charged with a Teflon stir bar, copper complex (0.1mmol), 76 potassium carbonate (0.75mmol), aryl iodide (0.5mmol), 77 phenylacetylene (0.75mmol) in 5mL non-anhydrous DMF in air. The vial was sealed and placed in an oil bath with pre-adjusted temperature at 135-140C. After the allowed time, the reaction mixture was cooled down, diluted with 25-30mL ethyl acetate, and filtered through a pad of silica gel. The solvent was then removed under vacuum and the residue was purified by column chromatography using mixtures of hexane and ethyl acetate to obtain analytically pure product. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
33% | With triphenylphosphine; silver carbonate; palladium dichloride; In N,N-dimethyl acetamide; at 155 - 160℃; for 16h;Inert atmosphere; Molecular sieve; | General procedure: A ame-dried tube lled with argon was charge with 2-aminopyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid 2 (0.13 mmol), PdCl2 (5 mol%), PPh3 (10 mol %), Ag2CO3 (0.39 mmol), ArI (0.26 mmol) and 4 Amolecular sieves (100 mg) in DMA (2 mL). The resulting mixturewas stirred at 155e160C for 16 h. After cooling to room temper-ature, the mixture was ltered through Celite pad and washed withEtOAc (25 mL). The ltrate was washed with water (5 mL x 2) andbrine (5 mL), dried over anhydrous MgSO4, ltered, and concen-trated under reduced pressure. The crude product was puried bysilica gel column chromatography (n-hexane/EtOAc 10:1 v/v) toafford the corresponding product. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
94% | 2,2',6-trimethyl-1,1'-biphenyl (89): To a mixture of Ni-Cat.(0.0125 mmol Nil2+0.025 mmol VIa) and Ar-I 87 (0.036mL, 0.058 g, 0.25 mmol) 1.0 mL of CPME was added. Themixture was stirred for 10 mins. Then the water (0.02 mL,0.02 g, 1.11 mmol) was added. To the mixture, boronic acid88 (0.068 g, 0.5 mmol), bases (0.160 g, 0.75 mmol) wereadded. The reaction mixture was stirred at 105 C. (asmentioned) and aliquot was taken after different time intervalto analyze the data by GC/MS. After that the reactionmixture was filtered through neutral alumina, concentratedunder vacuum, purified by flash chromatography withhexane.1 H NMR (CDC13, 400 MHz): o1.99 (s, 6H), 2.01 (s,3H), 7.05-7.08 (m, lH), 7.14-7.35 (m, 6H); 13C NMR(CDC13, 100 MHz): o19.4, 20.3, 126.0, 126.9, 126.9, 127.2,128.8, 130.0, 135.6, 135.8, 140.5, 141.0. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
61% | With rhodium(III) chloride trihydrate; hydrogen; triethylamine; triphenylphosphine; In N,N-dimethyl acetamide; at 90℃; under 7500.75 Torr; for 12h;Autoclave; | General procedure: All reactions were carried out in an 80 mL Teflon-lined stainless steel reactor equipped with a magnetic stirring bar. Typically, in a glovebox, the aryl iodides (1.0 mmol), RhI3(0.025 mmol), PPh3 (0.1 mmol), Et3N (1.2 mmol), and DMA (2 mL) were loaded into the reactor. Then, the autoclave was screwed up, charged with CO and H2 to a total pressure of 10 bar (1:1) and transferred to an oil bath preheated at 90 C, which was controlled by a Haake-D3 temperature controller. After completion of the reaction, the reactor was cooled in iced water and the gas carefully vented. The conversion and yield of the aryl iodides and arylaldehydes were determined by GC analysis using dodecane as an internal standard. For yield determination of the other products, the reaction mixture was first analyzed by GC-MS to determine the structures of the aromatic aldehyde products. Then, CH2Cl2 (5 mL) was added to the reaction mixture, after which deionized water (10 mL) was added to extract the solvent DMA for 5 times. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, concentrated by rotary evaporation and finally purified by column chromatography on silica gel using n-hexane/ethyl acetate as eluent to obtain the pure products and isolated yields. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
64%Chromat. | With 1,4-diaza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane; copper(I) oxide; phenylsilane; ammonia; In 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one; at 130℃; under 2280.15 Torr; for 24h;Sealed tube; | General procedure: Under nitrogen atmosphere, Cu2O (10 mol %), DABCO (25 mol %), and a stirring bar were added into a 10 mL oven-dried sealed glass tube (as shown in Figure S1). Then NMP (0.5 mL), aryl iodides (0.125 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) and PhSiH3 (0.75 mmol, 6 equiv.) were injected by syringe. The tube was then sealed and CO2 (0.67 mmol, 5.4 equiv., 15 mL) as well as NH3 (0.67 mmol, 5.4 equiv., 15 mL) were injected by syringe after N2 was removed under vacuum. Finally, the mixture was stirred for 24 hr in a pre-heated-to-130 C alloyed block. After the reaction was finished, the tube was cooled to room temperature and the pressure was carefully released. The yield of were measured by GC analysis using dodecane as the internal standard or by flash chromatography on silica gel (petroleumether/ethyl acetate). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
65% | With 2-acetylpyridine; tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0); tetrabutyl-ammonium chloride; sodium carbonate In 1,4-dioxane at 25℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; regioselective reaction; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
77% | With 2-acetylpyridine; tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0); tetrabutyl-ammonium chloride; sodium carbonate In 1,4-dioxane at 25℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; regioselective reaction; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
70% | With tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0); 18-crown-6 ether; 1,3-bis-(diphenylphosphino)propane; potassium carbonate; In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 100℃; for 16h;Inert atmosphere; | Add 0.2 mmol of potassium carbonate,0.005 mmol of tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium,1,3-bis (diphenylphosphine) propane 0.02mmol,18-crown-6-ether 0.1mmol,1,3-dimethyl-2-iodobenzene 0.1 mmol,1-phenyl-1-pentyne 0.25 mmol and1 mL of N, N-dimethylformamide was added to a 15 mL reaction tube,Fill with nitrogen repeatedly 10 times, stir at room temperature for 15min, add 0.5mmol of water,Then placed in a reaction dish at 100 C for 16h;After cooling to room temperature, the reaction solution was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water, and the organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by thin-layer chromatography to obtain 17.4 mg of the target product as a colorless oil. The yield was 70%. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
31% | With tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0); 18-crown-6 ether; 1,3-bis-(diphenylphosphino)propane; potassium carbonate; In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 100℃; for 16h;Inert atmosphere; | Add 0.2 mmol of potassium carbonate,0.005 mmol of tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium,1,3-bis (diphenylphosphine) propane 0.02mmol,18-crown-6-ether 0.1mmol,1,3-dimethyl-2-iodobenzene 0.1 mmol,1-phenyl-1-butyne 0.25 mmol and N, N-dimethylformamide 1 mL were added toIn a 15 mL reaction tube, repeatedly fill 10 times with nitrogen, and stir at room temperature for 15 min.Add 0.5 mmol of water,Then placed in a reaction dish at 100 C for 16h; cooled to room temperature, the reaction solution was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water, the organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by thin layer chromatography to obtain 7.3mg of the target product. Color oil, 31% yield. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
57% | With tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0); 18-crown-6 ether; 1,3-bis-(diphenylphosphino)propane; potassium carbonate; In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 100℃; for 16h;Inert atmosphere; | Add 0.2 mmol of potassium carbonate,0.005 mmol of tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium,1,3-bis (diphenylphosphine) propane 0.02mmol,18-crown-6-ether 0.1mmol,1,3-dimethyl-2-iodobenzene 0.1 mmol,1-phenyl-1-hexyne 0.25 mmol and1 mL of N, N-dimethylformamide was added to a 15 mL reaction tube,Fill with nitrogen repeatedly 10 times, stir at room temperature for 15 min, add 0.5 mmol of water, and place in a reaction dish at 100 C for 16 h; cool to room temperature, dilute the reaction solution with ethyl acetate, wash with water, and dry the organic phase with anhydrous Na2SO4 , Filtered, concentrated, and purified by thin layer chromatography to obtain 14.9 mg of the target product as a colorless oil with a yield of 57%. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
51% | With tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0); 18-crown-6 ether; 1,3-bis-(diphenylphosphino)propane; potassium carbonate; In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 100℃; for 16h;Inert atmosphere; | Add 0.2 mmol of potassium carbonate,0.005 mmol of tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium,1,3-bis (diphenylphosphine) propane 0.02mmol,18-crown-6-ether 0.1mmol,1,3-dimethyl-2-iodobenzene 0.1 mmol,1-methyl-4- (pent-1-yn-1-yl) benzene 0.25 mmol and1 mL of N, N-dimethylformamide was added to a 15 mL reaction tube,Fill it repeatedly with nitrogen 10 times, stir at room temperature for 15 min, add 0.5 mmol of water, and place in a reaction dish at 100 C for 16 h; cool to room temperature, dilute the reaction solution with ethyl acetateWash with water, dry the organic phase over anhydrous Na2SO4, filter, and concentrate.Purification by thin layer chromatography gave 13.4 mg of the target product as a colorless oil with a yield of 51%. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
51% | With tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0); 18-crown-6 ether; 1,3-bis-(diphenylphosphino)propane; potassium carbonate; In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 100℃; for 16h;Inert atmosphere; | Add 0.2 mmol of potassium carbonate,0.005 mmol of tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium,1,3-bis (diphenylphosphine) propane 0.02mmol,18-crown-6-ether 0.1mmol,1,3-dimethyl-2-iodobenzene 0.1 mmol,1-fluoro-4- (pent-1-yn-1-yl) benzene 0.25 mmol and1 mL of N, N-dimethylformamide was added to a 15 mL reaction tube,Fill with nitrogen repeatedly 10 times, stir at room temperature for 15min, add 0.5mmol of water,Then placed in a reaction tray at 100 C for 16 hours; cooled to room temperature, the reaction solution was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water, the organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by thin-layer chromatography to obtain 14.1 mg of the target product. Color oil, 51% yield. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
43% | With tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0); 18-crown-6 ether; 1,3-bis-(diphenylphosphino)propane; potassium carbonate; In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 100℃; for 16h;Inert atmosphere; | 0.2 mmol of potassium carbonate, 0.005 mmol of tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium,1,3-bis (diphenylphosphine) propane 0.02mmol, 18-crown-6-ether 0.1mmol,1,3-dimethyl-2-iodobenzene 0.1 mmol,1- (pent-1-yn-1-yl) -4- (trifluoromethyl) benzene 0.25 mmol and1 mL of N, N-dimethylformamide was added to a 15 mL reaction tube, repeatedly filled with nitrogen 10 times, stirred at room temperature for 15 min, 0.5 mmol of water was added, and then placed in a reaction tray at 100 C. for 16 hours; cooled to room temperature The reaction solution was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water, and the organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by thin layer chromatography to obtain 13.6 mg of the target product as a colorless oil with a yield of 43%. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
44% | With tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0); 18-crown-6 ether; 1,3-bis-(diphenylphosphino)propane; potassium carbonate; In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 100℃; for 16h;Inert atmosphere; | Add 0.2 mmol of potassium carbonate,0.005 mmol of tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium,1,3-bis (diphenylphosphine) propane 0.02mmol,18-crown-6-ether 0.1mmol,1,3-dimethyl-2-iodobenzene 0.1 mmol,N- (4- (pent-1-yn-1-yl) phenyl) acetamide 0.25 mmolAnd 1 mL of N, N-dimethylformamide into a 15 mL reaction tube,Fill with nitrogen repeatedly 10 times, stir at room temperature for 15min, add 0.5mmol of water,Then placed in a reaction tray at 100 C for 16 hours; cooled to room temperature, the reaction solution was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water, the organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by thin layer chromatography to obtain 13.4 mg of the target product. Color oil, 44% yield |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
59% | With tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0); 18-crown-6 ether; 1,3-bis-(diphenylphosphino)propane; potassium carbonate; In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 100℃; for 16h;Inert atmosphere; | Add 0.2 mmol of potassium carbonate,0.005 mmol of tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium,1,3-bis (diphenylphosphine) propane 0.02mmol,18-crown-6-ether 0.1mmol, 1,3-dimethyl-2-iodobenzene 0.1mmol,1-methyl-3- (pent-1-yn-1-yl) benzene 0.25 mmol and1 mL of N, N-dimethylformamide was added to a 15 mL reaction tube,Fill with nitrogen repeatedly 10 times, stir at room temperature for 15min, add 0.5mmol of water,Then placed in a reaction tray at 100 C for 16 hours; cooled to room temperature, the reaction solution was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water, the organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated,Purification by thin layer chromatography gave 15.5 mg of the target product as a colorless oil with a yield of 59%. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
53% | With tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0); 18-crown-6 ether; 1,3-bis-(diphenylphosphino)propane; potassium carbonate; In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 100℃; for 16h;Inert atmosphere; | Add 0.2 mmol of potassium carbonate,0.005 mmol of tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium,1,3-bis (diphenylphosphine) propane 0.02mmol,18-crown-6-ether 0.1mmol,1,3-dimethyl-2-iodobenzene 0.1 mmol,1-fluoro-3- (pent-1-yn-1-yl) benzene 0.25 mmol and1 mL of N, N-dimethylformamide was added to a 15 mL reaction tube,Fill with nitrogen repeatedly 10 times, stir at room temperature for 15min, add 0.5mmol of water,Then placed in a reaction tray at 100 C for 16 hours; cooled to room temperature, the reaction solution was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water, the organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated and purified by thin layer chromatography to obtain 14.1 mg of the target product Colorless oil with 53% yield. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
30% | With potassium phosphate; palladium diacetate; In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 110℃; for 4h;Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube; | General procedure: A 10 mL 2 dram screwed tube equipped with a magnetic stirring bar was charged with 5-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole (0.17 mmol, 1.0 equiv), an organic halide (0.17 mmol, 1.0 equiv), and K3PO4 (108 mg, 0.32 mmol, 2.0 equiv); then Pd(OAc)2 (1.7 mg, 0.008 mmol) were added, followed by DMF (1.0 mL), which was added to the mixture via syringe at r.t. under argon. The tube was sealed and put into a preheated oil bath at 110 C for 4 h. The mixture was cooled to r.t quenched with H2O (20 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with Diethyl Ether (3 × 20 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was then purified by preparatory TlC [silica gel, EtOAc-PE, 3-7]. |
Tags: 608-28-6 synthesis path| 608-28-6 SDS| 608-28-6 COA| 608-28-6 purity| 608-28-6 application| 608-28-6 NMR| 608-28-6 COA| 608-28-6 structure
[ 866996-02-3 ]
4-Ethyl-1-iodo-2-methylbenzene
Similarity: 0.93
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