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CAS No. : | 707-07-3 | MDL No. : | MFCD00008474 |
Formula : | C10H14O3 | Boiling Point : | - |
Linear Structure Formula : | - | InChI Key : | IECKAVQTURBPON-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
M.W : | 182.22 | Pubchem ID : | 69720 |
Synonyms : |
|
Chemical Name : | (Trimethoxymethyl)benzene |
Num. heavy atoms : | 13 |
Num. arom. heavy atoms : | 6 |
Fraction Csp3 : | 0.4 |
Num. rotatable bonds : | 4 |
Num. H-bond acceptors : | 3.0 |
Num. H-bond donors : | 0.0 |
Molar Refractivity : | 48.97 |
TPSA : | 27.69 Ų |
GI absorption : | High |
BBB permeant : | Yes |
P-gp substrate : | No |
CYP1A2 inhibitor : | Yes |
CYP2C19 inhibitor : | No |
CYP2C9 inhibitor : | No |
CYP2D6 inhibitor : | No |
CYP3A4 inhibitor : | No |
Log Kp (skin permeation) : | -5.8 cm/s |
Log Po/w (iLOGP) : | 2.57 |
Log Po/w (XLOGP3) : | 2.27 |
Log Po/w (WLOGP) : | 1.63 |
Log Po/w (MLOGP) : | 1.76 |
Log Po/w (SILICOS-IT) : | 1.59 |
Consensus Log Po/w : | 1.96 |
Lipinski : | 0.0 |
Ghose : | None |
Veber : | 0.0 |
Egan : | 0.0 |
Muegge : | 1.0 |
Bioavailability Score : | 0.55 |
Log S (ESOL) : | -2.48 |
Solubility : | 0.607 mg/ml ; 0.00333 mol/l |
Class : | Soluble |
Log S (Ali) : | -2.49 |
Solubility : | 0.592 mg/ml ; 0.00325 mol/l |
Class : | Soluble |
Log S (SILICOS-IT) : | -2.83 |
Solubility : | 0.271 mg/ml ; 0.00149 mol/l |
Class : | Soluble |
PAINS : | 0.0 alert |
Brenk : | 1.0 alert |
Leadlikeness : | 1.0 |
Synthetic accessibility : | 1.38 |
Signal Word: | Warning | Class: | N/A |
Precautionary Statements: | P261-P305+P351+P338 | UN#: | N/A |
Hazard Statements: | H315-H319-H335 | Packing Group: | N/A |
GHS Pictogram: |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
65% | at 90℃; for 2 h; | 2-phenylnaphtho[2,3-d]oxazole-4,9-dione (A) Intermediate 3 (500 mg, 1.0 eq), trimethylorthobenzoate (3.6 mL, 8.0 eq) and PPTS (66 mg, 0.1 eq) were combined and heated at 90° C. (oil bath) for 2 hours at which point LC-MS analysis indicated complete consumption of starting material. The reaction mixture was diluted with Et2O and the resulting yellow ppt collected and washed with Et2O and EtOAc and dried to yield desired product (472 mg, 65percent) as a bright yellow fluffy solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.53-7.62 (3H, M), 7.81 (2H, dd, J=3.5, 5.9), 8.25 (1H, dd, J=3.3, 5.7), 8.29 (1H, dd, J=3.1, 5.9), 8.31-8.34 (2H, M). LRMS (M+H)+: 276.19. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
65.30 g | at 135℃; for 0.75 h; | Stage 1: Methyl N-cyanobenzenecarboximidoate (0462) (0463) (Trimethoxymethyl)benzene (75 g) and cyanamide (17.304 g) were taken up in 78 ml of acetic anhydride and then stirred at 135° C. for 45 minutes. The mixture was then concentrated under reduced pressure, the residue was stirred with cyclohexane, and the solids were filtered off with suction and dried. This left 65.30 g of the title compound. HPLC-MS: log P (neutral)=1.83; mass (m/z): 161.1 (M+H)+; 1H NMR (DMSO-D6) 4.045 (s, 3H), 7.601-7.644 (m, 2H), 7.712-7.755 (m, 1H), 7.966-7.995 (m, 2H). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
77% | In 1,2-dimethoxyethane; at 100℃; for 14h;Heating / reflux; | In a 2-neck round bottom flask (500 mL), fitted with a CaCl2 guard tube, anhydrous MeOH (150 mL) was added and dry HCl was bubbled slowly at 0 C. About 50-60 g of dry HCl was collected. (2R,3S)-3-Hydroxyleucine (27, 7R=isopropyl, 5.0 g, 34 mmol) was added to the methanolic HCl solution in small portions. The reaction mixture was refluxed at 65 C. for 24 h. The reaction flask was cooled to RT and methanol was removed under vacuum to yield a viscous liquid. The viscous liquid was dried under high vacuum for 6 h to furnish the hydrochloride of compound 28 (7R=isopropyl, R=methyl) (6.60 g, 98% yield) as a hygroscopic semi-solid material. To a solution of 28 (6.60 g, 0.033 mol) in DME (100 mL) was added trimethylorthobenzoate (18.25 g, 0.10 mol, 3 eq) and the reaction mixture was refluxed at 100 C. for 8 h. The reaction progress was monitored by TLC and it showed presence of some baseline material. The reaction mixture was refluxed for additional 6 h and then cooled to RT. DME was removed under vaccum and water (100 mL) was added to the viscous residue. Aqueous layer was extracted with ether (2×100 mL). Ether layer was dried (anhyd. Na2SO4) and concentrated under vacuum to furnish a viscous oil. Flash column chromatography on SiO2 afforded the pure oxazoline 21 (6.32 g, 77% yield) as a colorless viscous oil: Rf 0.50 (EtOAc/hexane, 3:7, two runs); H1 NMR 6 CDCl3: 1.0-1.10 (two d, 6H, two CH3), 2.0 (m,1H, -CH-), 3.80 (s, 3H, -COOMe), 4.60 (d, 1H, -CH-), 4.70 (dd, 1H, -CH-), 7.40-7.60 (m, 3H, aromatic H), 8.0 (d, 2H, aromatic H) |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
65% | With pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate; at 90℃; for 2h; | 2-phenylnaphtho[2,3-d]oxazole-4,9-dione (A) Intermediate 3 (500 mg, 1.0 eq), trimethylorthobenzoate (3.6 mL, 8.0 eq) and PPTS (66 mg, 0.1 eq) were combined and heated at 90 C. (oil bath) for 2 hours at which point LC-MS analysis indicated complete consumption of starting material. The reaction mixture was diluted with Et2O and the resulting yellow ppt collected and washed with Et2O and EtOAc and dried to yield desired product (472 mg, 65%) as a bright yellow fluffy solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): delta 7.53-7.62 (3H, M), 7.81 (2H, dd, J=3.5, 5.9), 8.25 (1H, dd, J=3.3, 5.7), 8.29 (1H, dd, J=3.1, 5.9), 8.31-8.34 (2H, M). LRMS (M+H)+: 276.19. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
50%; 44.6% | To a solution containing diol 2 (7.1 g, 49.6 mmol) and trimethyl orthobenzoate (15 ml, 87.3 mmol) in chloroform (150 ml), was added camphor sulphonic acid (500 mg), and the reaction mixture was concentrated to 1/3 of its original volume using a rotavap; TLC revealed that the reaction is not finished, so more chloroform (-100 ml) was added to the mixture, and the solution was concentrated to its 1/3 volume again. This cycle was repeated until TLC indicates the complete consumption of starting material (usually 3-4 cycle needed). Et3N (1 ml) was added to the reaction mixture and the solvent was removed completely; the resulting syrup was treated with a 20% [ACOH-H20] solution (140 ml). After 30 min, the reaction was concentrated to dryness. The syrupy mixture was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using 5% AcOEt-toluene to afford 20 (6.17 g, 50%) and 21 (5.47 g, 44. [6%).'H] NMR (CDCl3, 600 MHz) for 20: [88.] 03 (m, 2H, Bz), 7.55 (m, [1H,] Bz), 7.43 (m, 2H, Bz), 5.94 (ddd, 1H, [J6.] 4,10. 6,17. 0 Hz, H-4), 5.41 (ddd, 1H, J 1.3, 1.3, 17.2 Hz, [H-5_TRANS),] 5.31 (ddd, 1H, J 1.3, 1.3, 10.4 Hz, H-5_cis), 4.57 (dd, [J3.] 7,11. 9 Hz, [H-LA),] 4.42 (dd, 1H, [J 7.] 7,11. 7 Hz, H-lb), 4.28 (m, 1H, H-3), 3.80 (ddd, 1H, J 3.5, 5.3, 7.7 Hz, [H-2). H] NMR (CDC13,600 MHz) for 21: [88.] 05 (m, 2H, Bz), 7.57 (m, 1H, Bz), 7.44 (m, 2H, Bz), 5.97 (ddd, [1H,] J 7.0, 10.6, 17.4 Hz, H-4), 5.66 (m, 1H, H-3), 5.48 (ddd, 1H, J 1.1, 1.1, 17.2 Hz, H- 5trans), 5.31 (ddd, [1H,] [J0.] 9,0. 9,10. 6 Hz, H-5_cis), 3. 83 (ddd, 1H, [J4.] 4,7. 1,9. 2 Hz, H-2), 3. 78 (dd, [J3.] 7,11. 9 Hz, [H-LA),] 4.42 (dd, 1H, [J7.] 7,11. 7 Hz, H-lb), |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With toluene-4-sulfonic acid; In dichloromethane; at 20℃; for 1h; | (EXAMPLE 6) Preparation of (2R/S, 4S)-4-[(N-benzyloxycarbonyl)aminomethyl]-2-methoxy-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane [Preparation of Compound (4)] In 5 ml of methylene chloride, 1.00 g (4.44 mmol) of (S)-1-(N-benzyloxycarbonyl)amino-2,3-propanediol was dissolved, and 1.05 g (5.68 mmol, 130 mol%) of trimethyl orthobenzoate and 2.63 mg (0.0138 mmol, 0.31 mol%) of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate were added'to the resultant solution, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. After the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, the residue was dried in vacuum to produce 1.38 g of (2R/S, 4S)-4-[(N-benzyloxycarbonyl)aminomethyl]-2-methoxy-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane as a colorless oily diastereomer mixture. HPLC retention time: 20.6 min., 23.8 min.1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) delta 7.58-7.54 (2H, m), 7.44-7.34 (8H, m), 5.45, 4.96 (1H, bs×2), 5.13, 5.09 (2H, s×2), 4.58-4.59, 4.39-4.30 (1H, m×2), 4.32, 4.22 (1H, t×2, J=7.6Hz), 3.89-3.86 (1H, m), 3.50-3.47 (1H, m), 3.35-3.29 (1H, m), 3.21, 3.20 (3H, s×2) |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
100% | To a stirred solution of 18 (2.92 g, 18 mmol) in dry dichloromethane (30 mL), trimethyl orthobenzoate (4.33 mL, 25.2 mmol) and BF3.diethyl ether (0.11 mL, 0.9 nmol) were added sequentially at RT and stirred for 2 hrs. More trimethly orthobenzoate (1.86 mL, 0.0108 mol) and BF3.diethyl ether (0.11 mL, 0.8 mmol) were added and stirring was continued for 1 hr. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was dried over high vacuum. The resulting yellow oil was dissolved in dry dichloromethane (30 mL), cool to 0 C., added with freshly distilled acetyl bromide (1.4 mL, 18.9 mmol), and stirred for 2 hrs. More acetyl bromide (0.07 mL, 0.9 mmol) was added at 0 C. and stirring was continued at RT for 12 hrs. The reaction mixture was treated with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution (60 mL) and stirred vigorously for 10 minutes. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×15 mL). The combined organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield crude 19 (6 g, 100%) as a yellow pale oil, which was taken into next step without further purification: Rf 0.7, EtOAc/petroleum ether (1.5:8.5, v/v). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
52% | acetic acid; at 120℃; for 1.5h; | Step 3: l-cvclohexvl-2-phenvl-l,5-dihydro-4/f-imidazol-4-one; JV2-cyclohexylglycinamide (from Step 2) was treated with triethylorthobenzoate (1.03 eq.) and catalytic amount of glacial AcOH. The reaction mixture was heated at 120C for 1.5 h then cooled to RT and concentrated. Acetone was added to the residue and the resulting precipitate was filtered to afford the title compound (52%) as a solid. .H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13, 300 K) 8 1.1-1.3 (m, 3H), 1.5-1.9 (m, 7H), 3.8-3.9 (m, 1H), 4.0 (s, 2H), 7.5-7.6 (m, 5H); MS (ES+) m/z 243 (M+H)+. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Raney Ni (1.5 g) is added to a mixture of commercially available nitrogen- containing 4-methyl-3-nitropyridin-2-amine x220 (4.0 g, 26.1 mmol) in methanol (150 ml), and the obtained reaction mixture is hydrogenated in the Parr apparatus at the hydrogen pressure 3 atm until the total conversion of compound x220 is attained for approximately 1.5-2 h. The catalyst is separated by filtration, the filtrate is washed with methanol, and the alcohol solution is evaporated to dryness. The residue is dissolved in sulfolane (10 ml), then PhC(OMe)3 (5.7 g, 1.2 eq, 31.3 mmol) and PTSA (0.3 g) are added, and an air reflux condenser is mounted. The apparatus is argon-blown, and the obtained reaction mixture is heated to 165 0C under vigorous stirring for 10 h. Water (100 ml), saturated aqueous NaHCC>3 (5 ml), and hexane (50 ml) are added to the reaction mixture. The obtained suspension is stirred for 5 min, and the residue is separated by filtration. The residue is washed with water (50 ml) and hexane (100 ml), and vacuum-dried over P2O5 to a constant weight at 45 0C to give 7-methyl-2-phenyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine x221 (2.2 g).Yield: 40 %. LC-MS (MH+): 210. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
79.2% | With acetic anhydride; at 135℃; for 0.75h; | Preparation of N-(5-phenyI-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)benzamide (Example No. 11); Step A. Preparation of (Z)-methyl N-cyanobenzimidate; To a mixture of (trimethoxymethyl)benzene (3.44 mL, 20 mmol) and cyanamide (0.842 g, 20 mmol) was added acetic anhydride (3.78 mL, 40 mmol). The mixture was heated to 135C for 45 min. Acetic acid produced in the reaction was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified with flash chromatography with 0 - 40% ethyl acetate/heptane over 20 minutes, then kept 40% ethyl acetate/heptane for 5 minutes to give (Z)-methyl N-cyanobenzimidate colorless oil (2.54 g, 79.2% yield). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3 ) delta 8.00-7.95 (m, 2H), 7.76-7.70 (m, IH), 7.66-7.60 (m, 2H), 4.03 (m, 3H). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
95% | With acetic anhydride; at 124℃; for 6h; | At room temperature, 20g (74.9mmol) methyl 1-(chloroacetyl)-2-oxoindolin-6-ylcarboxylate was dissolved in 50 ml of acetic anhydride. The mixture is heated at 124 C. Add dropwise 27.28g (149.8mmol) trimethyl orthobenzoate. React for 6h in the open to distill off the volatile parts of the reaction mixture. After the reaction, cooling to room temperature, precipitated crystal. turns on lathe does solvent, using 500 ml DCM (dichloromethane) dissolving the residue, added to the 1.5L in petroleum ether, to separate out the solid, room temperature stirring 3h, ice-bath 1h, filtered to obtain yellow solid 27.4g, the target compound, the yield is 95%. |
87.3 - 91.7% | With acetic anhydride; In toluene; at 20 - 104℃; for 3.66667 - 4h;Heating / reflux;Product distribution / selectivity; | Method 1Methyl-1-(chloroacetyl)-2-oxoindoline-6-carboxylate (12,0 g; 0,045 mol) is suspended in toluene (60 ml) at ambient temperature. Acetic anhydride (16,2 g; 0,157 mol) is added to this suspension. The mixture is heated to not less than 104 C and trimethyl orthobenzoate (20,0 g; 0,108 mol) is added within 60 min. During the addition period and subsequent stirring at the same temperature for 3 h, volatile parts of the reaction mixture are distilled off. The concentration of the reaction mixture is kept constant by replacement of the distilled part by toluene (40 ml). The mixture is cooled down to 5 C, stirred for an additional 1 h and filtrated. The solid is subsequently washed with toluene (14 ml) and with a mixture of toluene (8 ml) and ethyl acetate (8 ml). After drying, 16,3 g (91 ,7 %) of the "chlorenol" compound are isolated as slightly yellow crystals. 1H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-de) delta: 8,73 (d, J = 1 ,5 Hz, 1 H, 6-H); 8,09 (d, J = 8,0 Hz, 1 H, 9-H); 7,90 (dd, J = 8,1 ; 1 ,5 Hz, 1 H, 8-H); 7,61 - 7,48 (m, 5 H, 21 -H, 22-H, 23-H, 24-H, 25-H); 4,85 (s, 2 H, 18-H2); 3,89 (s, 3 H, 27-H3); 3,78 (s, 3 H, 15-H3). 13C- NMR (126 MHz, DMSO-d6) delta: 165,9 (C-2 + C16); 103,9 (C-3); 127,4; 128,6; 130,0; 135,4 (C-4 + C-5 + C-7 + C-20); 115,1 (C-6); 126,1 (C-8); 122,5 (C-9); 166,7 (C-10); 173,4 (C-13); 58,4 (C-15); 46,4 (C-18); 128,6 (C-21 + C-22 + C- 24 + C-25); 130,5 (C-23); 52,2 (C-27). MS: m/z 386 (M+H)+. Anal, calcd. for C20Hi6CINO5: C, 62.27; H, 4.18; Cl, 9.19; N, 3.63. Found: C, 62.21 ; H, 4.03; Cl, 8.99; N, 3.52. Method 3Methyl-1-(chloroacetyl)-2-oxoindoline-6-carboxylate (12,0 g; 0,045 mol) is suspended in toluene (60 ml) at ambient temperature. Acetic anhydride (16,2 g; 0,157 mol) is added to this suspension. The mixture is heated to reflux, trimethyl orthobenzoate (20,0 g; 0,108 mol) is added within 40 min and heating is maintained for an additional 3 h. The mixture is cooled down to 0 C and the mother liquor is separated. The solid is subsequently washed with toluene (14 ml) and a mixture of toluene (8 ml) and ethyl acetate (8 ml). After drying 15,3 g (87,3 %) of the "chlorenol" compound are isolated as fawn crystals. |
87.3 - 91.7% | With acetic anhydride; In toluene; at 104℃; for 3.66667 - 4h;Heating / reflux;Product distribution / selectivity; | Example 3:; Synthesis of the "chlorenol" (methyl-1-(chloroacetyl)-3- [methoxy(phenyl)methylene]-2-oxoindoline-6-carboxylate)"chlorimide" " chlorenol"Method 1 Methyl-1-(chloroacetyl)-2-oxoindoline-6-carboxylate (12,0 g; 0,045 mol) is suspended in toluene (60 ml) at ambient temperature. Acetic anhydride (16,2 g; 0,157 mol) is added to this suspension. The mixture is heated to not less than 104 0C and trimethyl orthobenzoate (20,0 g; 0,108 mol) is added within 60 min. During the addition period and subsequent stirring at the same temperature for 3 h, volatile parts of the reaction mixture are distilled off. The concentration of the reaction mixture is kept constant by replacement of the distilled part by toluene (40 ml). The mixture is cooled down to 5 0C, stirred for 1 h and filtrated. The solid is subsequently washed with toluene (14 ml) and with a mixture of toluene (8 ml) and ethyl acetate (8 ml). After drying, 16,3 g (91 ,7 %) of the "chlorenol" compound are isolated as slightly yellow crystals. 1H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-de) delta: 8,73 (d, J = 1 ,5 Hz, 1 H, 6-H); 8,09 (d, J = 8,0 Hz, 1 H, 9-H); 7,90 (dd, J = 8,1 ; 1 ,5 Hz, 1 H, 8-H); 7,61 - 7,48 (m, 5 H, 21 -H, 22-H, 23-H, 24-H, 25- H); 4,85 (s, 2 H, 18-H2); 3,89 (s, 3 H, 27-H3); 3,78 (s, 3 H, 15-H3). 13C-NMR (126 MHz, DMSO-de) delta: 165,9 (C-2 + C16); 103,9 (C-3); 127,4; 128,6; 130,0; 135,4 (C-4 + C-5 + C-7 + C-20); 1 15,1 (C-6); 126,1 (C-8); 122,5 (C-9); 166,7 (C-10);173.4 (C-13); 58,4 (C-15); 46,4 (C-18); 128,6 (C-21 + C-22 + C-24 + C-25);130.5 (C-23); 52,2 (C-27). MS: m/z 386 (M+H)+. Anal, calcd. for C20Hi6CINO5: C, 62.27; H, 4.18; Cl, 9.19; N, 3.63. Found: C, 62.21 ; H, 4.03; Cl, 8.99; N, 3.52.; Method 3Methyl-1-(chloroacetyl)-2-oxoindoline-6-carboxylate (12,0 g; 0,045 mol) is suspended in toluene (60 ml) at ambient temperature. Acetic anhydride (16,2 g; 0,157 mol) is added to this suspension. The mixture is heated to reflux, trimethyl orthobenzoate (20,0 g; 0,108 mol) is added within 40 min and heating is maintained for 3 h. The mixture is cooled down to 0 0C and the mother liquor is separated. The solid is subsequently washed with toluene (14 ml) and a mixture of toluene (8 ml) and ethyl acetate (8 ml). After drying 15,3 g (87,3 %) of the "chlorenol" compound are isolated as fawn crystals. |
81% | With acetic anhydride; In xylene; at 20℃; for 4.66667h;Heating / reflux;Product distribution / selectivity; | Method 2 <n="19"/>Methyl-1-(chloroacetyl)-2-oxoindoline-6-carboxylate (12,0 g; 0,045 mol) is suspended in xylene (60 ml) at ambient temperature. Acetic anhydride (16,2 g; 0,157 mol) is added to this suspension. The mixture is heated to reflux, trimethyl orthobenzoate (20,0 g; 0,108 mol) is added within 40 min and heating is maintained for an additional 4 h. The mixture is cooled down to 0 C and the mother liquor is separated. The solid is subsequently washed with xylene (14 ml) and a mixture of xylene (8 ml) and ethyl acetate (8 ml). After drying 14,3 g (81 ,0 %) of the "chlorenol" compound are isolated as yellow crystals. |
81.0% | With acetic anhydride; In xylene; for 4.66667h;Heating / reflux;Product distribution / selectivity; | Method 2; Methyl-1-(chloroacetyl)-2-oxoindoline-6-carboxylate (12,0 g; 0,045 mol) is suspended in xylene (60 ml) at ambient temperature. Acetic anhydride (16,2 g; 0,157 mol) is added to this suspension. The mixture is heated to reflux, trimethyl orthobenzoate (20,0 g; 0,108 mol) is added within 40 min and heating is maintained for 4 h. The mixture is cooled down to 0 0C and the mother liquor is separated. The solid is subsequently washed with xylene (14 ml) and a mixture of xylene (8 ml) and ethyl acetate (8 ml). After drying 14,3 g (81 ,0 %) of the "chlorenol" compound are isolated as yellow crystals. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
To toluene (200 mL), 5-bromo-2-amino-benzylamine (9.5 g, 47.2 mmol) and trimethyl- benzoic orthoester (8.2 g, 47.2 mmol) were added, followed by p-toulensulfonic acid (1.35 g, 7.1 mmol). The resulting suspension was stirred at reflux for 50 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled at r.t., diluted with AcOEt (150 mL), washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate, then with water. The organic layer was dried and concentrated to provide the intermediate dihydroquinazoline as a light brown solid (8.5 g; 63%). This intermediate is dissolved in DCM (20 mL) at r.t., then MnO2 (5.1 g ) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at r.t. for 48 hrs, then filtered on celite. The filtrate was concentrated to provide the title product as white solid ( 8.1 g, 95%). Cj4H9BrN2; MW: 285.15; MS m/z: 286 (M+ 1). 1H-NMR (300 MHz, d6-DMSO) ppm: 7.58-7.61 (m, 3H), 8.02 (d, IH), 8.17 (dd, IH), 8.49-8.56(m, 3H), 9.70(s, IH). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
85% | A mixture of methyl 1-acetyl-oxindole-6-carboxylate of formula 3 (7.00 g), toluene (20 ml) and acetanhydride (9.8 ml) was stirred in a flask equipped with a small Vigreux column and adistillation adapter at 110C for 5 mm, producing a turbid orange-red solution. At the temperature of 110C, trimethyl orthobenzoate (12.4 ml) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture, followed by toluene (16 ml), by means of a syringe fitted with a needle reaching into the flask. The bath temperature was slowly increased to slowly distil the produced methyl acetate. After distilling for 4 h, the bath temperature was 125C and the distillate volume was6.5 ml. The reaction mixture was left to stand at 20C for 4 h and the crystallization of the product was completed in 2 h at 10C. The product was filtered off, washed with toluene and finally with a mixture of toluene and ethyl acetate (1: 1). The yield was 8.94 g (85%) of a beige powder | |
33.99 g | In toluene;Reflux; | Methyl 2-oxindoline-6-carboxylate (20 g, 105 mmol) was charged to the reaction vessel. The vessel was equipped with thermometer, stirrer and condenser. Toluene (100 ml, 5 vol) was added followed by acetic anhydride (90 ml, 954 mmol) and the mixture was heated to reflux (115-118 C ). Reflux was continued for 18 hours and a sample was analyzed by HPLC for methyl 2-oxindoline-6-carboxylate (nmt 2.0 a-%). When the methyl 2-oxindoline-6-carboxylate was consumed 40 ml (2 vol) of solvent was distilled off followed by addition of fresh toluene (40 ml, 2 vol). <strong>[707-07-3]Trimethyl orthobenzoate</strong> (53.9 ml, 314 mmol) was added to the boiling reaction during a couple of minutes maintaining the temperature above 110 C . After the addition was complete distillation began and the temperature of the reaction mixture was above 120 C. Eight volumes (160 ml) of solvents were distilled of after which the reaction temperature was adjusted between 110-115 C. The reflux was continued for two hours and precipitation of methyl (E)-l -acetyl-3 -(methoxy(phenyl)methylene)-2- oxoindoline-6-carboxylate began during the reaction. According to HPLC- chromatogram 93.6 % conversion was achieved. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature during 5 hours, and then further cooled to 0 C and stirred for two hours at 0 C. The precipitate was filtered and washed with EtOAc (2 x 20 ml, 2 x 1 vol) and dried in vacuum oven at 60 C for 16 hours to obtain the product (33.99 g, 90.85 %, 98.36 a-%) as tan powder. H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO- d6): delta 8.89 (dd, J= 1.5 Hz, J= 0.6 Hz, 1H), 8.0 (dd, J= 8.0 Hz, J= 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (dd, J= 8.1 Hz, J= 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.69-7.53 (m, 3H), 7.48-7.33 (m, 2H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 2.57 (s, 3H).13C NMR (l00 MHz, DMSO-d6 ): delta 171.6, 171.3, 167.3, 167.2, 136.8, 131.0, 130.9, 129.1, 128.8, 128.5, 128.1, 126.5, 122.6, 116.7, 106.3, 57.9, 52.2, 27.0. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
19% | With toluene-4-sulfonic acid; In toluene; at 100℃; for 6h; | Procedure J (described for Example 26, Table 3)3'-(5-Phenyl-ri ,3,4loxadiazol-2-ylH1 ,1 'lbirtricvclordecyll-3-carboxylic acid A mixture of 3'-hydrazinocarbonyl-[1 ,1']bi[tricyclo[decyl]-3-carboxylic acid (60 mg), trimethoxymethyl-benzene (31 mg), and p-toluene-sulfonic acid hydrate (31 mg) in toluene (1 ml.) is stirred at 100 0C for 6 h. After cooling the solution to room temperature, water is added and the resulting mixture is extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined extracts are dried (Na2SO4) and the solvent is evaporated. The residue is purified by HPLC on reversed phase (acetonitrile/water) to afford the title compound. Yield: 14 mg (19% of theory) Mass spectrum (ESI"): 457 [M-H]" |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
80% | With pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate; In dichloromethane; at 20℃; for 2h; | A lO mL round-bottomed flask was charged with 5 -carbon linked dimer triol (8.2 mg, 0.012 mmol) and trimethylorthobenzoate (6.5 muL, 3 eq, Aldrich 98%) in 1 mL of CH2Cl2. To the reaction mixture was added pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (PPTS, catalytic amount) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 hr and then quenched with NaHCCb (aq), extracted with ETOAc, dried over MgS O4 and concentrated. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (EtOAc/Hexane = 1/5) to give 7.4 mg in 80% yield.1H NMR : (400 MHz, Acetone-d6) : 7.58-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.33-7.31 (m, 3H), 5.37 (s, 2H), 4.47-4.38 (m, 3H), 4.32-4.27 (m, IH), 4.03-4.02 (m, IH), 3.67 (dd, J=12 Hz, 8Hz, 2H), 2.65-2.58 (m, IH), 2.54-2.47 (m, IH), 2.29-2.18 (m, 2H), 2.15-2.11 (m, IH), 2.08-2.02 (m, 3H), 2.00-1.97 (m, IH), 1.93-1.84 (m, 4H), 1.82-1.73 (m, 4H), 1.69-1.59 (m, 4H), 1.57-1.53 (m, IH), 1.44-1.37 (m, 4H), 1.34 (s, 3H), 1.31 (s, 3H), 1.25-1.17 (m, 2H), 0.98-0.95 (m, 2H), 0.96 (d, J=4Hz, 3H), 0.93 (d, J=4Hz, 3H), 0.91 (d, J=4Hz, 3H), 0.89 (d, J=4Hz, 3H).13C NMR : (400 MHz, Acetone-d6) : 142.12, 129.23, 128.43, 126.14, 110.61,103.42, 103.16, 90.48, 89.77, 81.67, 81.59, 77.86, 73.99, 72.55, 63.13, 61.51, 54.92, 53.30, 52.95, 45.33, 44.86, 39.45, 39.03, 37.98, 37.86, 37.35, 35.28, 35.18, 32.21, 31.95, 31.60, 31.40, 26.32, 25.60, 25.51, 25.44, 25.38, 20.43, 20.32, 13.32, 12.86. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
83% | With acetic acid; at 70℃; for 3h; | Step A: Methyl 3-amino-2-(2,2-dimethoxyethylamino)benzoate (922 mg, 3.6 mmol) from Step C of Example 13 was stirred in glacial acetic acid (2.5 mL) and(trimethoxymethyl)benzene (2.0 g, 10.9 mmol) at 70 0C for 3 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, concentrated under reduced pressure, and purified by column chromatography (silica gel, 80:20 hexanes/ethyl acetate) to give methyl l-(2,2- dimethoxyethyl)-2-phenyl-lH-benzo[J]imidazole-7-carboxylate as a brown oil (1.0 g, 83%): 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) delta 7.99 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, I H), 7.95 (d, J= 8.0 Hz, I H), 7.72-7.70 (m, 2H), 7.53-7.51 (m, 3H), 7.33 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, I H), 4.76 (d, J= 5.0 Hz, 2H), 4.24 (t, J= 5.0 Hz, I H), 3.99 (s, 3H), 3.07 (s, 6H); MS (ESI+) m/z 341 (M+H). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
80% | With pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate; In dichloromethane; at 20℃; for 2h; | A 10 mLround-botbmed fiaskwas charged with 5-carbon linked dimertriol 5(8.2mg. 0.012 mmol) and trimethylorthobervoate (6.5 p1, 3 eq. Aldrich 98%) in 1 mL of 0H2C12. To the reaction mixture was added pyhdinium p-tnluenesulfonatE (PPTS, 0.4 eq) at room temperature. The reachon mixture was stirred for 2 h and then quenched with NaHCO3(aq), extracted with EtOAc, dried over MgSD4 and concentrated. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (Et1Yc/ Hexane = 1/5) to give 7.4 mg of 6b in 80 % yield.1H NMR : (400 MHz, Acetone-d6) : delta 7.58-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.33-7.31 (m, 3H), 5.37 (s, 2H), 4.47-4.38 (m, 3H), 4.32-4.27 (m, 1H), 4.03-4.02 (m, 1H), 3.67 (dd, J=12 Hz, 8Hz, 2H), 2.65-2.58 (m, 1H), 2.54-2.47 (m, 1H), 2.29-2.18 (m, 2H), 2.15-2.11 (m, 1H), 2.08-2.02 (m, 3H), 2.00-1.97 (m, 1H), 1.93-1.84 (m, 4H), 1.82-1.73 (m, 4H), 1.69-1.59 (m, 4H), 1.57-1.53 (m, 1H), 1.44-1.37 (m, 4H), 1.34 (s, 3H), 1.31 (s, 3H), 1.25-1.17 (m, 2H), 0.98-0.95 (m, 2H), 0.96 (d, J=4Hz, 3H), 0.93 (d, J=4Hz, 3H), 0.91 (d, J=4Hz, 3H), 0.89 (d, J=4Hz, 3H).13C NMR : (400 MHz, Acetone-d6) : delta 142.12, 129.23, 128.43, 126.14, 110.61, 103.42, 103.16, 90.48, 89.77, 81.67, 81.59, 77.86, 73.99, 72.55, 63.13, 61.51, 54.92, 53.30, 52.95, 45.33, 44.86, 39.45, 39.03, 37.98, 37.86, 37.35, 35.28, 35.18, 32.21, 31.95, 31.60, 31.40, 26.32, 25.60, 25.51, 25.44, 25.38, 20.43, 20.32, 13.32, 12.86.[alpha]D25.2 +55.87 (c = 0.35, CHCl3)IR (thin film) 2940, 1450, 1375, 1309, 1101, 1050, 1007, 760 cm-1HRMS(ESI) m/z calcd for C44H62O11 (M+H)+ 767.4292; found 767.4374 |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Example 6 To a mixture of 16.6 g of compound according to example 2 in toluene (600 ml) trimethyi ortobenzoate (120 ml) and camphenesulphonic acid (4 g) were added. The mixture was stirred vigorously at rt for 3 h, then 80 % acetic acid (160 ml) was added. After further 1 h of stirring the biphasic mixture obtained was separated, the organic phase was diluted with toluene (600 ml), washed with water (800 ml) and sat. NaHC03 (2 x 600 ml), dried, filtered and evaporated. The resulting oil was dropped into 600 ml of heptane and seeded. The white crystalline compound was filtered, washed and dried to yield 1 10.3 g of acceptor (a compound of general formula 6, wherein R|= Bn, R2= 4-chlorobenzoyl, R3= benzoyl, ORj in beta). [a]D = +17.13 (c = 1 DCM), Mp 156-157 C. | ||
Example 3 Benzyl 4'-0-benzoyl-2,3,6,2',6'-penta-O-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-P-D-lactosideTo a mixture of 116.6 g of benzyl 2,3,6,2',6'-penta-O-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-P-D-lactoside in toluene (600 ml) trimethyl orthobenzoate (120 ml) and camphenesulphonic acid (4 g) were added. The mixture was stirred vigorously at rt for 3 h, then 80 % acetic acid (160 ml) was added. After further 1 h of stirring the biphasic mixture obtained was separated, the organic phase was diluted with toluene (600 ml), washed with water (800 ml) and sat. NaHC03 (2 x 600 ml), dried, filtered and evaporated. The resulting oil was dropped into 600 ml of heptane and seeded. The white crystalline compound was filtered, washed and dried to yield 110.3 g of product.[ | ||
110.3 g | With camphenesulphonic acid; In toluene; at 20℃; for 3h; | To a mixture of 116.6 g of compound according to example 2 in toluene (600 ml) trimethyl ortobenzoate (120 ml) and camphenesulphonic acid (4 g) were added. The mixture was stirred vigorously at rt for 3 h, then 80% acetic acid (160 ml) was added. After further 1 h of stirring the biphasic mixture obtained was separated, the organic phase was diluted with toluene (600 ml), washed with water (800 ml) and sat. NaHCO3 (2×600 ml), dried, filtered and evaporated. The resulting oil was dropped into 600 ml of heptane and seeded. The white crystalline compound was filtered, washed and dried to yield 110.3 g of acceptor (a compound of general formula 6, wherein R1=Bn, R2=4-chlorobenzoyl, R3=benzoyl, OR1 in beta). [alpha]D=+17.13 (c=1 DCM), Mp 156-157 C. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
96% | With indium; acetic acid; In ethyl acetate; for 1h;Reflux; Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: 2-Nitroaniline derivative (1 mmol) was added to a mixture of indium powder (574 mg, 5.0 mmol for 2-nitroaniline, 918 mg 8.0 mmol for 1,2-dinitroarene), and acetic acid (0.572 mL, 10 mmol) in ethyl acetate (2 mL), followed by the addition of trimethyl orthoester (2.0 mmol) in ethyl acetate (3 mL for 2-nitroaniline; 8 mL for 1,2-dinitroarene). The reaction mixture was stirred at reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (30 mL), filtered through Celite, poured into 10% NaHCO3 (30 mL), and then extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL×3). The combined organic extracts were dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was eluted with ethyl acetate/hexane (v/v=10/90) for 2-phenylbenzimidazole derivatives or methanol/dichloromethane (v/v=1/99) for 2-methylbenzimidazole derivatives through a silica gel column to give the corresponding benzimidazoles. The structures of the benzimidazoles were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, and GC-MS, and were mostly known compounds. HRMS data were reported in addition for unknown compounds. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
71% | With indium; acetic acid; In ethyl acetate; for 3h;Reflux; Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: 2-Nitroaniline derivative (1 mmol) was added to a mixture of indium powder (574 mg, 5.0 mmol for 2-nitroaniline, 918 mg 8.0 mmol for 1,2-dinitroarene), and acetic acid (0.572 mL, 10 mmol) in ethyl acetate (2 mL), followed by the addition of trimethyl orthoester (2.0 mmol) in ethyl acetate (3 mL for 2-nitroaniline; 8 mL for 1,2-dinitroarene). The reaction mixture was stirred at reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (30 mL), filtered through Celite, poured into 10% NaHCO3 (30 mL), and then extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL×3). The combined organic extracts were dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was eluted with ethyl acetate/hexane (v/v=10/90) for 2-phenylbenzimidazole derivatives or methanol/dichloromethane (v/v=1/99) for 2-methylbenzimidazole derivatives through a silica gel column to give the corresponding benzimidazoles. The structures of the benzimidazoles were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, and GC-MS, and were mostly known compounds. HRMS data were reported in addition for unknown compounds. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
85% | With indium; acetic acid; In ethyl acetate; for 1.5h;Reflux; Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: 2-Nitroaniline derivative (1 mmol) was added to a mixture of indium powder (574 mg, 5.0 mmol for 2-nitroaniline, 918 mg 8.0 mmol for 1,2-dinitroarene), and acetic acid (0.572 mL, 10 mmol) in ethyl acetate (2 mL), followed by the addition of trimethyl orthoester (2.0 mmol) in ethyl acetate (3 mL for 2-nitroaniline; 8 mL for 1,2-dinitroarene). The reaction mixture was stirred at reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (30 mL), filtered through Celite, poured into 10% NaHCO3 (30 mL), and then extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL×3). The combined organic extracts were dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was eluted with ethyl acetate/hexane (v/v=10/90) for 2-phenylbenzimidazole derivatives or methanol/dichloromethane (v/v=1/99) for 2-methylbenzimidazole derivatives through a silica gel column to give the corresponding benzimidazoles. The structures of the benzimidazoles were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, and GC-MS, and were mostly known compounds. HRMS data were reported in addition for unknown compounds. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
80% | With indium; acetic acid; In ethyl acetate; for 1.5h;Reflux; Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: 2-Nitroaniline derivative (1 mmol) was added to a mixture of indium powder (574 mg, 5.0 mmol for 2-nitroaniline, 918 mg 8.0 mmol for 1,2-dinitroarene), and acetic acid (0.572 mL, 10 mmol) in ethyl acetate (2 mL), followed by the addition of trimethyl orthoester (2.0 mmol) in ethyl acetate (3 mL for 2-nitroaniline; 8 mL for 1,2-dinitroarene). The reaction mixture was stirred at reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (30 mL), filtered through Celite, poured into 10% NaHCO3 (30 mL), and then extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL×3). The combined organic extracts were dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was eluted with ethyl acetate/hexane (v/v=10/90) for 2-phenylbenzimidazole derivatives or methanol/dichloromethane (v/v=1/99) for 2-methylbenzimidazole derivatives through a silica gel column to give the corresponding benzimidazoles. The structures of the benzimidazoles were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, and GC-MS, and were mostly known compounds. HRMS data were reported in addition for unknown compounds. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
87% | With indium; acetic acid; In ethyl acetate; for 1.5h;Reflux; Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: 2-Nitroaniline derivative (1 mmol) was added to a mixture of indium powder (574 mg, 5.0 mmol for 2-nitroaniline, 918 mg 8.0 mmol for 1,2-dinitroarene), and acetic acid (0.572 mL, 10 mmol) in ethyl acetate (2 mL), followed by the addition of trimethyl orthoester (2.0 mmol) in ethyl acetate (3 mL for 2-nitroaniline; 8 mL for 1,2-dinitroarene). The reaction mixture was stirred at reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (30 mL), filtered through Celite, poured into 10% NaHCO3 (30 mL), and then extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL×3). The combined organic extracts were dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was eluted with ethyl acetate/hexane (v/v=10/90) for 2-phenylbenzimidazole derivatives or methanol/dichloromethane (v/v=1/99) for 2-methylbenzimidazole derivatives through a silica gel column to give the corresponding benzimidazoles. The structures of the benzimidazoles were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, and GC-MS, and were mostly known compounds. HRMS data were reported in addition for unknown compounds. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
61% | With indium; acetic acid; In ethyl acetate; for 5h;Reflux; Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: 2-Nitroaniline derivative (1 mmol) was added to a mixture of indium powder (574 mg, 5.0 mmol for 2-nitroaniline, 918 mg 8.0 mmol for 1,2-dinitroarene), and acetic acid (0.572 mL, 10 mmol) in ethyl acetate (2 mL), followed by the addition of trimethyl orthoester (2.0 mmol) in ethyl acetate (3 mL for 2-nitroaniline; 8 mL for 1,2-dinitroarene). The reaction mixture was stirred at reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (30 mL), filtered through Celite, poured into 10% NaHCO3 (30 mL), and then extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL×3). The combined organic extracts were dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was eluted with ethyl acetate/hexane (v/v=10/90) for 2-phenylbenzimidazole derivatives or methanol/dichloromethane (v/v=1/99) for 2-methylbenzimidazole derivatives through a silica gel column to give the corresponding benzimidazoles. The structures of the benzimidazoles were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, and GC-MS, and were mostly known compounds. HRMS data were reported in addition for unknown compounds. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
58% | With indium; acetic acid; In ethyl acetate; for 4h;Reflux; Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: 2-Nitroaniline derivative (1 mmol) was added to a mixture of indium powder (574 mg, 5.0 mmol for 2-nitroaniline, 918 mg 8.0 mmol for 1,2-dinitroarene), and acetic acid (0.572 mL, 10 mmol) in ethyl acetate (2 mL), followed by the addition of trimethyl orthoester (2.0 mmol) in ethyl acetate (3 mL for 2-nitroaniline; 8 mL for 1,2-dinitroarene). The reaction mixture was stirred at reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (30 mL), filtered through Celite, poured into 10% NaHCO3 (30 mL), and then extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL×3). The combined organic extracts were dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was eluted with ethyl acetate/hexane (v/v=10/90) for 2-phenylbenzimidazole derivatives or methanol/dichloromethane (v/v=1/99) for 2-methylbenzimidazole derivatives through a silica gel column to give the corresponding benzimidazoles. The structures of the benzimidazoles were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, and GC-MS, and were mostly known compounds. HRMS data were reported in addition for unknown compounds. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
90% | With indium; acetic acid; In ethyl acetate; for 0.5h;Reflux; Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: 2-Nitroaniline derivative (1 mmol) was added to a mixture of indium powder (574 mg, 5.0 mmol for 2-nitroaniline, 918 mg 8.0 mmol for 1,2-dinitroarene), and acetic acid (0.572 mL, 10 mmol) in ethyl acetate (2 mL), followed by the addition of trimethyl orthoester (2.0 mmol) in ethyl acetate (3 mL for 2-nitroaniline; 8 mL for 1,2-dinitroarene). The reaction mixture was stirred at reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (30 mL), filtered through Celite, poured into 10% NaHCO3 (30 mL), and then extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL×3). The combined organic extracts were dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was eluted with ethyl acetate/hexane (v/v=10/90) for 2-phenylbenzimidazole derivatives or methanol/dichloromethane (v/v=1/99) for 2-methylbenzimidazole derivatives through a silica gel column to give the corresponding benzimidazoles. The structures of the benzimidazoles were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, and GC-MS, and were mostly known compounds. HRMS data were reported in addition for unknown compounds. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
82% | With indium; acetic acid; In ethyl acetate; for 2.5h;Reflux; Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: 2-Nitroaniline derivative (1 mmol) was added to a mixture of indium powder (574 mg, 5.0 mmol for 2-nitroaniline, 918 mg 8.0 mmol for 1,2-dinitroarene), and acetic acid (0.572 mL, 10 mmol) in ethyl acetate (2 mL), followed by the addition of trimethyl orthoester (2.0 mmol) in ethyl acetate (3 mL for 2-nitroaniline; 8 mL for 1,2-dinitroarene). The reaction mixture was stirred at reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (30 mL), filtered through Celite, poured into 10% NaHCO3 (30 mL), and then extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL×3). The combined organic extracts were dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was eluted with ethyl acetate/hexane (v/v=10/90) for 2-phenylbenzimidazole derivatives or methanol/dichloromethane (v/v=1/99) for 2-methylbenzimidazole derivatives through a silica gel column to give the corresponding benzimidazoles. The structures of the benzimidazoles were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, and GC-MS, and were mostly known compounds. HRMS data were reported in addition for unknown compounds. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
52% | With indium; acetic acid; In ethyl acetate; for 5.5h;Reflux; Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: 2-Nitroaniline derivative (1 mmol) was added to a mixture of indium powder (574 mg, 5.0 mmol for 2-nitroaniline, 918 mg 8.0 mmol for 1,2-dinitroarene), and acetic acid (0.572 mL, 10 mmol) in ethyl acetate (2 mL), followed by the addition of trimethyl orthoester (2.0 mmol) in ethyl acetate (3 mL for 2-nitroaniline; 8 mL for 1,2-dinitroarene). The reaction mixture was stirred at reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (30 mL), filtered through Celite, poured into 10% NaHCO3 (30 mL), and then extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL×3). The combined organic extracts were dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was eluted with ethyl acetate/hexane (v/v=10/90) for 2-phenylbenzimidazole derivatives or methanol/dichloromethane (v/v=1/99) for 2-methylbenzimidazole derivatives through a silica gel column to give the corresponding benzimidazoles. The structures of the benzimidazoles were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, and GC-MS, and were mostly known compounds. HRMS data were reported in addition for unknown compounds. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
92% | With indium; acetic acid; In ethyl acetate; for 1h;Reflux; Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: 2-Nitroaniline derivative (1 mmol) was added to a mixture of indium powder (574 mg, 5.0 mmol for 2-nitroaniline, 918 mg 8.0 mmol for 1,2-dinitroarene), and acetic acid (0.572 mL, 10 mmol) in ethyl acetate (2 mL), followed by the addition of trimethyl orthoester (2.0 mmol) in ethyl acetate (3 mL for 2-nitroaniline; 8 mL for 1,2-dinitroarene). The reaction mixture was stirred at reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (30 mL), filtered through Celite, poured into 10% NaHCO3 (30 mL), and then extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL×3). The combined organic extracts were dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was eluted with ethyl acetate/hexane (v/v=10/90) for 2-phenylbenzimidazole derivatives or methanol/dichloromethane (v/v=1/99) for 2-methylbenzimidazole derivatives through a silica gel column to give the corresponding benzimidazoles. The structures of the benzimidazoles were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, and GC-MS, and were mostly known compounds. HRMS data were reported in addition for unknown compounds. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
85% | With indium; acetic acid; In ethyl acetate; for 2h;Reflux; Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: 2-Nitroaniline derivative (1 mmol) was added to a mixture of indium powder (574 mg, 5.0 mmol for 2-nitroaniline, 918 mg 8.0 mmol for 1,2-dinitroarene), and acetic acid (0.572 mL, 10 mmol) in ethyl acetate (2 mL), followed by the addition of trimethyl orthoester (2.0 mmol) in ethyl acetate (3 mL for 2-nitroaniline; 8 mL for 1,2-dinitroarene). The reaction mixture was stirred at reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (30 mL), filtered through Celite, poured into 10% NaHCO3 (30 mL), and then extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL×3). The combined organic extracts were dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was eluted with ethyl acetate/hexane (v/v=10/90) for 2-phenylbenzimidazole derivatives or methanol/dichloromethane (v/v=1/99) for 2-methylbenzimidazole derivatives through a silica gel column to give the corresponding benzimidazoles. The structures of the benzimidazoles were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, and GC-MS, and were mostly known compounds. HRMS data were reported in addition for unknown compounds. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
80% | With indium; acetic acid; In ethyl acetate; for 2.5h;Reflux; Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: 2-Nitroaniline derivative (1 mmol) was added to a mixture of indium powder (574 mg, 5.0 mmol for 2-nitroaniline, 918 mg 8.0 mmol for 1,2-dinitroarene), and acetic acid (0.572 mL, 10 mmol) in ethyl acetate (2 mL), followed by the addition of trimethyl orthoester (2.0 mmol) in ethyl acetate (3 mL for 2-nitroaniline; 8 mL for 1,2-dinitroarene). The reaction mixture was stirred at reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (30 mL), filtered through Celite, poured into 10% NaHCO3 (30 mL), and then extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL×3). The combined organic extracts were dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was eluted with ethyl acetate/hexane (v/v=10/90) for 2-phenylbenzimidazole derivatives or methanol/dichloromethane (v/v=1/99) for 2-methylbenzimidazole derivatives through a silica gel column to give the corresponding benzimidazoles. The structures of the benzimidazoles were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, and GC-MS, and were mostly known compounds. HRMS data were reported in addition for unknown compounds. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
62% | With indium; acetic acid; In ethyl acetate; for 3h;Reflux; Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: 2-Nitroaniline derivative (1 mmol) was added to a mixture of indium powder (574 mg, 5.0 mmol for 2-nitroaniline, 918 mg 8.0 mmol for 1,2-dinitroarene), and acetic acid (0.572 mL, 10 mmol) in ethyl acetate (2 mL), followed by the addition of trimethyl orthoester (2.0 mmol) in ethyl acetate (3 mL for 2-nitroaniline; 8 mL for 1,2-dinitroarene). The reaction mixture was stirred at reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (30 mL), filtered through Celite, poured into 10% NaHCO3 (30 mL), and then extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL×3). The combined organic extracts were dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was eluted with ethyl acetate/hexane (v/v=10/90) for 2-phenylbenzimidazole derivatives or methanol/dichloromethane (v/v=1/99) for 2-methylbenzimidazole derivatives through a silica gel column to give the corresponding benzimidazoles. The structures of the benzimidazoles were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, and GC-MS, and were mostly known compounds. HRMS data were reported in addition for unknown compounds. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
70% | With indium; acetic acid; In ethyl acetate; for 3h;Reflux; Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: 2-Nitroaniline derivative (1 mmol) was added to a mixture of indium powder (574 mg, 5.0 mmol for 2-nitroaniline, 918 mg 8.0 mmol for 1,2-dinitroarene), and acetic acid (0.572 mL, 10 mmol) in ethyl acetate (2 mL), followed by the addition of trimethyl orthoester (2.0 mmol) in ethyl acetate (3 mL for 2-nitroaniline; 8 mL for 1,2-dinitroarene). The reaction mixture was stirred at reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (30 mL), filtered through Celite, poured into 10% NaHCO3 (30 mL), and then extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL×3). The combined organic extracts were dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was eluted with ethyl acetate/hexane (v/v=10/90) for 2-phenylbenzimidazole derivatives or methanol/dichloromethane (v/v=1/99) for 2-methylbenzimidazole derivatives through a silica gel column to give the corresponding benzimidazoles. The structures of the benzimidazoles were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, and GC-MS, and were mostly known compounds. HRMS data were reported in addition for unknown compounds. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
92% | With indium; acetic acid; In ethyl acetate; for 0.5h;Reflux; Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: 2-Nitroaniline derivative (1 mmol) was added to a mixture of indium powder (574 mg, 5.0 mmol for 2-nitroaniline, 918 mg 8.0 mmol for 1,2-dinitroarene), and acetic acid (0.572 mL, 10 mmol) in ethyl acetate (2 mL), followed by the addition of trimethyl orthoester (2.0 mmol) in ethyl acetate (3 mL for 2-nitroaniline; 8 mL for 1,2-dinitroarene). The reaction mixture was stirred at reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (30 mL), filtered through Celite, poured into 10% NaHCO3 (30 mL), and then extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL×3). The combined organic extracts were dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was eluted with ethyl acetate/hexane (v/v=10/90) for 2-phenylbenzimidazole derivatives or methanol/dichloromethane (v/v=1/99) for 2-methylbenzimidazole derivatives through a silica gel column to give the corresponding benzimidazoles. The structures of the benzimidazoles were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, and GC-MS, and were mostly known compounds. HRMS data were reported in addition for unknown compounds. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
95% | With indium; acetic acid; In ethyl acetate; for 0.5h;Reflux; Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: 2-Nitroaniline derivative (1 mmol) was added to a mixture of indium powder (574 mg, 5.0 mmol for 2-nitroaniline, 918 mg 8.0 mmol for 1,2-dinitroarene), and acetic acid (0.572 mL, 10 mmol) in ethyl acetate (2 mL), followed by the addition of trimethyl orthoester (2.0 mmol) in ethyl acetate (3 mL for 2-nitroaniline; 8 mL for 1,2-dinitroarene). The reaction mixture was stirred at reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (30 mL), filtered through Celite, poured into 10% NaHCO3 (30 mL), and then extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL×3). The combined organic extracts were dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was eluted with ethyl acetate/hexane (v/v=10/90) for 2-phenylbenzimidazole derivatives or methanol/dichloromethane (v/v=1/99) for 2-methylbenzimidazole derivatives through a silica gel column to give the corresponding benzimidazoles. The structures of the benzimidazoles were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, and GC-MS, and were mostly known compounds. HRMS data were reported in addition for unknown compounds. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
88% | With sulfuric acid; for 5h;Reflux; | General procedure: To a solution of 2'-hydroxy-2-nitroacetophenone (13.3 g, 0.074 mol) in trimethyl orthoformate (66.4 mL) was added concentrated sulfuric acid (0.36 g). The reaction mixture was then refluxed for 6 h and distilled to a dry residue. The solid that formed was washed with water and recrystallized from methanol to give a brown solid in 84% yield (11.7 g). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
70% | Compound 10 (2.67 g, 6.20 mmol) and D(+)-camphorsulfonic acid (0.290 g, 1.25 mmol) were dissolved under argon in trimethylorthobenzoate (16 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h then cooled to 0 C and 20% aq acetic acid was added. The solution was stirred for 1 h then poured into satd aq NaHCO3 (100 ml). The aqueous layer was extracted with CH2Cl2 then the organic layer was dried (MgSO4), filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (cyclohexane/ethyl acetate: 9/1) to yield 11 (2.30 g, 70%). Rf: 0.38 (cyclohexane/ethyl acetate: 8/2). +2 (c = 3, CHCl3) HRMS: [M+Na+] calculated for C31H34O6S 557.1974, found 557.1979. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 8.19-7.24 (13H, H Ar), 5.77 (d, 1H, J2,3 = 2.8 Hz, H-2), 5.75 (s, 1H, CHPh benzylidene), 5.61 (s, 1H, H-1), 4.58 (m, 1H, H-5), 4.41 (dd, 1H, J3,4 = 9.6 Hz, H-3), 4.35 (dd, 1H, Jgem = 10.3 Hz, J6,5 = 4.7 Hz, H-6a), 4.23 (dd, 1H, J4,5 = 9.6 Hz, H-4), 3.98 (dd, 1H, J6,5 = 5.3 Hz, H-6b), 2.56 (s, 3H, CH3), 1.39 (s, 9H, t-Bu). 13C NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 166.5 (CO), 150.3-126.0 (18C, C Ar), 102.8 (CHPh benzylidene), 87.3 (C-1), 80.1 (C-4), 75.2 (C-2), 69.0 (C-6), 68.3 (C-3), 65.3 (C-5), 34.9 (qC t-Bu), 31.8 (t-Bu), 20.9 (CH3). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Compound 18 (1.03 g, 1.77 mmol) was dissolved in dry N,N-dimethylformamide (2 ml) and trimethylorthobenzoate (1.2 ml, 7.08 mmol). The solution was stirred under vacuum (ca 10 mbar) for 10 min then d(+)-camphorsulfonic acid (0.020 g, 0.088 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred under vacuum for 3 h then triethylamine (0.5 ml) was added and the reaction mixture was concentrated. The residue was dissolved in CH2Cl2, washed with water then the aqueous layer was extracted with CH2Cl2. The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO4), filtered and concentrated.The crude residue was dissolved in dry THF (5 ml) containing n-tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1.67 g, 3.09 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h then concentrated. The residue was taken up in CH2Cl2, washed with brine then the aqueous layer was extracted with CH2Cl2. The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO4), filtered and concentrated.To a solution of the previous residue in dry N,N-dimethylformamide (10 ml) was added benzyl bromide (0.65 ml, 3.09 mmol) under argon. The solution was cooled to 0 C then sodium hydride (0.250 g, 3.60 mmol) was added portionwise. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight then methanol was added and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in CH2Cl2, washed with brine then the aqueous layer was extracted with CH2Cl2. The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO4), filtered and concentrated.The residue was dissolved in a mixture of THF (5 ml), acetic acid (4 ml) and water (1 ml) and stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The solution was diluted with CH2Cl2 then washed with satd aq NaHCO3. The aqueous layer was extracted with CH2Cl2 then the combined organic layers were dried (MgSO4), filtered and concentrated. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
77.8% | l-(2-Chloro-acetyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-lH-indole-6-carboxylic acid methyl ester (220.0 g / 0.8219 mol) was suspended in toluene (1096.8 ml) at ambient temperature. Acetic anhydride (269.4 ml / 3.49 eq) was added and the mixture stirred at reflux. To the reaction, trimethyl orthobenzoate (339.10 ml / 2.40 eq) was added within one hour and the reaction continued to stir at 104 C for 3.5 hours and than at ambient temperature for 5 days. The reaction was cooled to 0C, stirred for an additional hour and filtered. The solid was washed with toluene, toluene/EtOAc (1 :1) and Et20 and dried under vacuum to isolate 246.6 g (77.8 %) of l-(2-chloro-acetyl)-3-[l-methoxy-l-phenyl-meth-(E)-ylidene]-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-lH- indole-6-carboxylic acid methyl ester. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With camphor-10-sulfonic acid; In dichloromethane; at 20℃;Inert atmosphere; | To a cooled (-78C) solution of 25 (200mg, 0.26mmol), in dry THF (2.6mL), was slowly added a solution of LiAlH4 (2M in THF, 130muL, 0.26mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred 30min at -78C, warmed to room temperature, and stirred 1h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous NH4Cl and then extracted with t-BuOMe. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried (Na2SO4), and then concentrated under reduced pressure (water bath at room temperature). The residue was dissolved in dry CH2Cl2 (1mL) and CSA (6mg, 0.026mmol) and PhC(OMe)3 (160muL, 1.3mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature, quenched with aqueous saturated NaHCO3, and then extracted with CH2Cl2. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried (Na2SO4), and then concentrated under reduced pressure (water bath at room temperature) and dried under strong vacuum. The residue was dissolved in dry CH2Cl2 (3mL), cooled at 0C, and then TMSCN (326muL, 2.6mmol) was added followed by the addition of BF3-Et2O (27muL, 0.26mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred 2h at 0C, warmed to room temperature and stirred 2h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and then extracted with CH2Cl2. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried (MgSO4), and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude was purified on silica gel (10% t-BuOMe in heptane) to give 4 (160mg, 74%) as a clear viscous oil: |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With camphor-10-sulfonic acid; In dichloromethane; at 20℃;Inert atmosphere; | To a room temperature solution of 13 (130mg, 0.19mmol) in dry CH2Cl2 (0.2mL) was added CSA (9mg, 38mumol) followed by the addition of PhC(OMe)3 (116muL, 0.95mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature, quenched with saturated aqueous NaHCO3, and extracted with CH2Cl2. The combined organic layer was dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in dry CH2Cl2 (2mL), cold at 0C, and TMSCN (191muL, 1.52mmol) was added followed by the addition of BF3-Et2O (24muL, 0.19mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred 1h at 0C, warmed to room temperature, stirred 2h at room temperature, quenched with saturated aqueous NaHCO3, and then extracted with CH2Cl2. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried (MgSO4), and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in dry THF (2mL) and TBAF (1M in THF, 380muL, 0.38mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred 1h at room temperature, quenched with saturated aqueous NaHCO3, and extracted with CH2Cl2. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried (MgSO4), and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude was purified on silica gel (20% EtOAc in heptane) to give 14 (32mg, 24%) as a clear viscous oil: |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
470 mg | With camphor-10-sulfonic acid; In dichloromethane; at 20℃; for 0.5h;Inert atmosphere; | Compound S6 (700 mg, 1.3 mmol) was dissolved in 90% acetic acid (6 mL) and stirred at 90 oC for 3 hours. The solvent was removed. Then the residue was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (2 mL) followed by the addition of trimethyl orthobenzoate (300 muL, 1.7 mmol) and camphorsulfonic acid (20 mg). After being stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, the reaction mixture was evaporated. The residue was azeotroped with toluene for three times. Then the residue was dissolved in 90% acetic acid (4 mL) and stirred at room temperature for another 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 5:1) to afford compound 21 (470 mg, 60%) as foams. [alpha]25D: -8.4o (c = 2.15 in CHCl3); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): delta 8.02-8.10 (m, 6H), 7.56-7.64 (m, 4H), 7.42-7.50 (m, 6H), 7.16- 7.20 (m, 2H), 6.96-6.99 (m, 1H), 5.78 (d, 1H, J = 3.2 Hz, H-4), 5.41 (t, 1H, J = 9.6 Hz, H-2), 4.92 (d, 1H, J = 10.0 Hz, H-1), 4.45- 4.55 (m, 2H), 4.14- 4.21 (m, 2H), 2.82 (d, 1H, J = 6.4 Hz, OH), 2.31 (s, 3H, Me). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): delta 166.81, 166.16, 166.10, 140.78, 133.66, 133.60, 133.25, 131.71, 130.35, 130.12, 130.02, 129.79, 129.53, 129.31, 128.94, 128.60, 128.50, 128.41, 128.27, 126.48, 86.18, 75.31, 73.12, 71.83, 70.69, 62.98, 20.99. HRMS (ESI) Calcd for C34H31O8S [M + H]+: 599.1740. Found: 599.1725. HRMS (ESI) Calcd for C34H34NO8S [M + NH4]+: 616.2005. Found: 616.1990. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
68% | 4-Methoxyphenyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-alpha-D-mannopyranoside (1b, 278 mg, 0.743 mmol) was stirred with trimethyl orthobenzoate (0.2 mL, 1.18 mmol) in acetonitrile (10 mL) at room temperature for some time. Then 10-camphor sulfonic acid (CSA) (52 mg, 0.22 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 min. The solvent was then removed under reduced pressure, and the temperature was brought down to 0 C, 80% aq acetic acid (4.6 mL) was then added, and the reaction was stirred at 0 C for 10 min. The reaction mixture was quenched carefully with aq satd sodium bicarbonate solution. The product was extracted with dichloromethane (50 mL × 3), and the combined organic layer was washed with distilled water (100 mL × 1). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue obtained was chromatographed (20% ethyl acetate/pet. ether) to give 4-methoxyphenyl 2-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-1-thio-alpha-Dmannopyranoside (242 mg, 68%) as a syrup. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
87% | With camphor-10-sulfonic acid; In acetonitrile; at 20℃; for 2h; | To a suspension of known p-tolyl 2-O-benzyl-1-thio-beta-L-fucopyranoside 2 (3.5 g, 9.7 mmol) in dry CH3CN (20 mL), trimethyl orthobenzoate (2.2 mL, 12.6 mmol) was added followed by the addition of CSA (25 mg). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 2 h until the TLC (n-hexane-EtOAc; 2:1) showed complete conversion of the starting material. Then the solvents were evaporated in vacuo and the crude mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (25 mL) and washed with 1 M HCl (2 25 mL). The organic layer was then collected, dried (Na2SO4) and filtered. The solvents were then evaporated and the crude mixture was purified by flash chromatography to give the pure product 3 (3.9 g, 87%) asa colourless syrup. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
93% | 4-(2-Azidoethyl)phenyl 4-0-benzoyl-2,6-di-0-benzyl-p-D-galactopyranoside (16)To a solution of 15 (1 .17 g, 2.31 mmol) in toluene (15 mL) were added trimethylortho- benzoate (0.64 mL, 3.72 mmol) and p-TsOH (1 18 mg, 0.62 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 45C overnight, then concentrated and the residue dissolved in 90% aq AcOH (15 mL). The solution was stirred for 2 h at 60C, concentrated, and the residue was purified by flash chromatography (petroleum ether/EtOAc, 9:1 to 7:3) to yield 16 (1 .30 g, 2.14 mmol, 93%) as a colorless oil. (0231) [a]D20 -8.4 (c 1.00, CHCI3); 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCI3): delta 2.83 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H, (0232) CH2CH2N3), 3.44 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H, CH2CH2N3) 3.60-3.66 (m, 2H, H-6), 3.87 (dd, J = 7.4, (0233) 9.6 Hz, 1 H, H-2), 3.92 (dd, J = 3.5, 9.6 Hz, 1 H, H-3), 3.96 (t, J = 6.2 Hz, 1 H, H-5), 4.41 , 4.48 (A, B of AB, J = 1 1 .7 Hz, 2H, CH2Ph), 4.78 (A of AB, J = 1 1 .2 Hz, 1 H, CH2Ph), 4.99- (0234) 5.07 (m, 2H, H-1 , CH2Ph), 5.63 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1 H, H-4), 7.06, 7.12 (AA, BB' of AA'BB', J = 8.5 Hz, 4H, C6H4), 7.18-7.35 (m, 10H, 2 C6H5), 7.43 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H, C6H5), 7.56 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 1 H, C6H5), 8.04-8.09 (m, 2H, C6H5); 13C NMR (126 MHz, CDCI3): delta 34.62 (0235) (CH2CH2N3), 52.63 (CH2CH2N3), 68.61 (C-6), 70.25 (C-4), 72.21 (C-3), 73.28 (C-5), 73.71 , 75.13 (2 CH2Ph), 79.15 (C-2), 101 .89 (C-1 ), 1 17.07 (2C, C6H4), 127.76, 127.78, 128.04, 128.29, 128.39, 128.49, 128.58, 129.57 (12C, 3 C6H5), 129.93 (2C, C6H4), 130.10, 132.46, 133.38, 137.79 (6C, 3 C6H5), 138.06, 156.17 (C6H4), 166.38 (CO); ESI-MS: m/z: calcd for C35H35N3Na07 [M+Na]+: 532.24, found: 532.28; IR (film): 2102 cm"1 (N3). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
1.63 g | With acetic anhydride; In toluene; at 110℃; for 4h; | At ambient temperature, 1-chloro-acetyl-2-indolinone-6-carboxylate (6-2) (1.2g, 4.5mmol) was suspended in toluene (6mL), and thereto is added acetic anhydride (1.62 g of, 15.7mmol), the system was heated to 110 deg C, was added in 1h trimethyl orthobenzoate (7-1) (2.0g, 10.8mmol), the reaction was continued 3h, volatiles out volatile product, toluene (4mL) system to maintain a concentration constant, the system was cooled to 5 , stirred for 1h, suction-filtered to give the crude product washed with toluene, toluene and ethyl acetate (1: 1) mixed solution and dried to give a pale yellow solid 1.63g, compound (E)-1-cholroacetyl-3-(methoxy(phenyl) methylene)-2-indolone-6-methyl formate(8-2). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
1.63 g | With acetic anhydride; In toluene; at 110℃; for 4h; | At ambient temperature, 1-cholroacetyl- 2-indolone-6-formate Trideutero methyl ester (6-1) (1.2g, 4.5mmol) was suspended in toluene (6mL), and thereto is added acetic anhydride (1.62 g, 15.7mmol), the system was heated to 110 deg C, was added in 1h trimethyl orthobenzoate (7-1) (2.0g, 10.8mmol), the reaction was continued 3h, volatiles out volatile product, toluene (4mL) holding system of the same concentration, the system was cooled to 5 , stirred for 1h, suction-filtered to give the crude product washed with toluene, toluene and ethyl acetate (1: 1) mixed solution and dried to give a pale yellow solid 1.63g, compound (E)-1-cholroacetyl- 3-(methoxy(phenyl) methylene)-2-indolone-6-formate Trideutero methyl ester(8-1) |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
100% | at 120℃; for 3h; | Title compound 471 (0.8 g, 5.53 mmol) and Trimethyl orthobenzoate (5 mL, 29.1 mmol) were combined and the reaction mixture was stirred at 120 C. for 3 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and the solid was filtered and washed with hexanes to afford title compound 472 (1.35 g, 100%) as a beige solid. MS (m/z): 231.1 (M+H) |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
87% | With boron trifluoride diethyl etherate; In dichloromethane; at 20℃; for 2h;Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: To a stirred solution of the respective N-carbamate protected aminoalcohol 1 (0.50 mmol, 1 equiv) in CH2Cl2 (10 mL, 0.05 M) were added BF3·OEt2 (50 muL, 0.050 mmol, 0.1 equiv or 150 muL, 0.15 mmol, 3 equiv, 1.0 M solution in CH2Cl2) and trimethyl orthobenzoate (0.13 mL, 0.75 mmol, 1.5 equiv) at r.t. The resulting mixture was stirred at r.t. under N2 until TLC showed complete conversion of the substrate. The reaction was quenched with sat. aq NaHCO3 and extracted with EtOAc(2 ×). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried(MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (hexane/EtOAc) to give the desired product 2. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
94% | With boron trifluoride diethyl etherate; In dichloromethane;Inert atmosphere; Reflux; | General procedure: To a stirred solution of the respective N-carbamate-protected aminovicinal diol 4 (0.50 mmol, 1 equiv) in CH2Cl2 (10 mL, 0.05 M) were added BF3·OEt2 (50 muL, 0.050 mmol, 0.1 equiv, 1.0 M solution in CH2Cl2) and trimethyl orthobenzoate (0.13 mL, 0.75 mmol, 1.5 equiv) at r.t. The resulting mixture was refluxed or stirred at r.t. under N2 until TLC showed complete conversion of the substrate. The reaction was quenched with sat. aq NaHCO3 and extracted with EtOAc (2 ×). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (hexane/EtOAc) to give the desired product 5. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
91% | With boron trifluoride diethyl etherate; In dichloromethane;Inert atmosphere; Reflux; | General procedure: To a stirred solution of the respective N-carbamate-protected aminovicinal diol 4 (0.50 mmol, 1 equiv) in CH2Cl2 (10 mL, 0.05 M) were added BF3·OEt2 (50 muL, 0.050 mmol, 0.1 equiv, 1.0 M solution in CH2Cl2) and trimethyl orthobenzoate (0.13 mL, 0.75 mmol, 1.5 equiv) at r.t. The resulting mixture was refluxed or stirred at r.t. under N2 until TLC showed complete conversion of the substrate. The reaction was quenched with sat. aq NaHCO3 and extracted with EtOAc (2 ×). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (hexane/EtOAc) to give the desired product 5. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
87% | With boron trifluoride diethyl etherate; In dichloromethane;Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: To a stirred solution of the respective N-carbamate-protected aminovicinal diol 4 (0.50 mmol, 1 equiv) in CH2Cl2 (10 mL, 0.05 M) were added BF3·OEt2 (50 muL, 0.050 mmol, 0.1 equiv, 1.0 M solution in CH2Cl2) and trimethyl orthobenzoate (0.13 mL, 0.75 mmol, 1.5 equiv) at r.t. The resulting mixture was refluxed or stirred at r.t. under N2 until TLC showed complete conversion of the substrate. The reaction was quenched with sat. aq NaHCO3 and extracted with EtOAc (2 ×). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (hexane/EtOAc) to give the desired product 5. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
89% | With boron trifluoride diethyl etherate; In dichloromethane;Inert atmosphere; Reflux; | General procedure: To a stirred solution of the respective N-carbamate-protected aminovicinal diol 4 (0.50 mmol, 1 equiv) in CH2Cl2 (10 mL, 0.05 M) were added BF3·OEt2 (50 muL, 0.050 mmol, 0.1 equiv, 1.0 M solution in CH2Cl2) and trimethyl orthobenzoate (0.13 mL, 0.75 mmol, 1.5 equiv) at r.t. The resulting mixture was refluxed or stirred at r.t. under N2 until TLC showed complete conversion of the substrate. The reaction was quenched with sat. aq NaHCO3 and extracted with EtOAc (2 ×). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (hexane/EtOAc) to give the desired product 5. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
91% | With boron trifluoride diethyl etherate; In dichloromethane;Inert atmosphere; Reflux; | General procedure: To a stirred solution of the respective N-carbamate-protected aminovicinal diol 4 (0.50 mmol, 1 equiv) in CH2Cl2 (10 mL, 0.05 M) were added BF3·OEt2 (50 muL, 0.050 mmol, 0.1 equiv, 1.0 M solution in CH2Cl2) and trimethyl orthobenzoate (0.13 mL, 0.75 mmol, 1.5 equiv) at r.t. The resulting mixture was refluxed or stirred at r.t. under N2 until TLC showed complete conversion of the substrate. The reaction was quenched with sat. aq NaHCO3 and extracted with EtOAc (2 ×). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (hexane/EtOAc) to give the desired product 5. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
93% | With boron trifluoride diethyl etherate; In dichloromethane; at 20℃;Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: To a stirred solution of the respective N-carbamate-protected aminovicinal diol 4 (0.50 mmol, 1 equiv) in CH2Cl2 (10 mL, 0.05 M) were added BF3·OEt2 (50 muL, 0.050 mmol, 0.1 equiv, 1.0 M solution in CH2Cl2) and trimethyl orthobenzoate (0.13 mL, 0.75 mmol, 1.5 equiv) at r.t. The resulting mixture was refluxed or stirred at r.t. under N2 until TLC showed complete conversion of the substrate. The reaction was quenched with sat. aq NaHCO3 and extracted with EtOAc (2 ×). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (hexane/EtOAc) to give the desired product 5. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
87% | Diol 25 (619 mg, 0.600 mmol) and 10-camphorsulfonic acid (12 mg, 0.05 mmol) were dissolvedin anhydrous CH2Cl2 (8.4 mL) under argon atmosphere, and trimethyl orthobenzoate (0.72 mL,0.76 g, 4.2 mmol) was added with stirring. After 16 h stirring at 20-23 C TLC (toluene-Me2CO7 : 3 v/v) showed incomplete reaction. Anhydrous Py (0.050 mL, 49 mg, 0.62 mmol) was thenadded, the volatiles were distilled off on a rotary evaporator (bath temperature 50 C), and theresidue was co-evaporated with toluene (3 × 10 mL, bath temperature 50 C). The resultingsyrup was dissolved again in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (8.4 mL) under argon atmosphere, and trimethylorthobenzoate (0.72 mL, 0.76 g, 4.2 mmol) and 10-camphorsulfonic acid (12 mg, 0.05 mmol)were added with stirring, and the solution was stirred at 23 C for 1 h (the reaction is completeaccording to TLC). Then Py (0.050 mL, 49 mg, 0.62 mmol) was added, and the volatiles weredistilled off on a rotary evaporator (bath temperature 50 C). The residue was suspended in amixture of AcOH (12 mL) and water (3 ml), heated until all the solids dissolved (~60 C) and themixture was stirred at 20-23 C for 20 h. Then the solution (containing a small amount of anamorphous precipitate) was concentrated under reduced pressure, the residue was co-evaporated with water (15 mL), then with toluene (15 mL), the resulting yellowish syrup was dissolved intoluene (20 mL) and washed with 1 M aq Na2CO3 (10 mL). The aqueous layer was backextractedwith toluene (3 × 5 mL). The combined organic phases were dried (Na2SO4) andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting syrup was purified by columnchromatography on silica gel (gradient 5?33% EtOAc in toluene). The fractions containg themain product were pooled, concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue (white foam,610 mg) was lyophilized from benzene (10 mL) (Caution Benzene is a proven carcinogen) togive the 3-hydroxy derivative (590 mg, 87%) as a light, very brittle white amorphous solid. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
81% | With (1S)-10-camphorsulfonic acid; In dichloromethane; at 25℃; for 0.5h; | To a stirred solution of 14 (1.40 g, 3.74mmol) inCH2Cl2 (5 mL)was added trimethylorthobenzoate (1.44 mL, 7.48 mmol). The mixture was treated with a catalyticamount of (+)-10-camphorsulfonic acid at 25C for 30 min, and then the solutionwas concentrated. To the residue was added 80% HOAc, and after stirring 10 min,themixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography(petroleum ether/ethyl acetate, 3:1) to yield 5 (1.45 g, 81%) as a syrup. 1HNMR (600 MHz, CDCl3): delta 8.12-8.07 (m, 4H, ArH), 7.63-7.57 (m, 2H, ArH), 7.48(t, J=7.2Hz, 1H, ArH), 7.47 (t, J=7.2Hz, 1H, ArH), 7.40 (d, J=7.8Hz, 2H, ArH),7.13 (d, J=7.8Hz, 2H, ArH), 5.64 (dd, J=3.6, 1.8Hz, 1H,H-2), 5.58 (d, J=1.2Hz,1H, H-1), 5.32 (t, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H, H-4), 4.57 (m, 1H, H-5), 4.33-4.27 (m, 1H, H-3),2.52 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H, -OH), 2.32 (s, 3H, -SPhCH3), 1.34 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 3H, H-6); 13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3): delta 167.15, 165.87, 138.16, 133.58, 133.56, 132.40,129.95, 129.88, 129.87, 129.84, 129.61, 129.30, 129.28, 128.57, 128.54, 128.06, 86.21,75.74, 74.78, 69.70, 67.42, 21.12, 17.53; ESI HRMS: calcd for (C27H26O6S+Na+)m/z, 501.1342; found, 501.1354. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
52% | Hydrocortisone (20.0 g, 55.20 mmol), methyl orthobenzoate (40.0 mL, 219.8mmol) and pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (5.0 g, 19.90 mmol) were dissolved intetrahydrofuran (200 mL). The solution was heated to 70 C for 3 hours. The solvent wasevaporated, dichloromethane (200 mL) was added followed by addition of hydrochloric acid(1.0 M, 200 mL). The mixture was vigorously stirred for 30 minutes. The organic phase wasseparated and dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated andthe residue was treated with hexanes (300 mL). The suspension was sonicated and thesolvent was decanted, leaving behind a residue that consisted mostly of two isomers. Themajor isomer was separated by flash chromatography (330 g silica column, dichloromethaneto dichloromethane:ethyl acetate 3:7). The fractions containing major isomer were combinedand concentrated. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (ca. 50 mL) and sonicated. The product was filtered and dried in high vacuum overnight to obtain the product as a whitesolid. Yield: 13.5 g, 52%. LC-MS: retention time 8.99 minutes, MS (positive ion) 345.2 (70%),467.2 (100%, M+1), 468.2 (30%, M+2), MS (negative ion) 511.2 (100%), 512.2 (30%). 1HNMR (CDCI3): 7.97-7.93 (m, 2H), 7.64-7.59 (m, 1H), 7.49-7.44 (m, 2H), 5.71 (d, J = 1.0 Hz,1H), 4.59-4.50 (m, 1H), 4.34 (qd, J = 18.0, 4.0 Hz, 2H), 3.15-3.11 (m, 1H), 2.98-2.91 (m,1H), 2.58-2.48 (m, 2H), 2.43-2.37 (m, 1H), 2.33-2.21 (m, 3H), 2.18-1.76 (m, 7H), 1.58-1-49(m, 1H), 1.47 (5, 3H), 1.31-1.10 (m, 3H), 1.01 (5, 3H). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
40% | With toluene-4-sulfonic acid; In dichloromethane; at 20℃; for 40h;Inert atmosphere; | 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid (3.1 g, 16 mmol)N1-benzyl-4-bromobenzene-1,2-diamine(45 g, 160 mmol)And dichloromethane 500 mL and trimethylorthobenzoate30 mL is added to the mixed solution and reacted for about 40 hours at room temperature under nitrogen. After the reaction was completed, the organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure.Washed with 40% methanol / water and sodium bicarbonate / water and dried to give the product (22.3 g, yield 40%). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
40% | With toluene-4-sulfonic acid; In dichloromethane; at 20℃; for 40h;Inert atmosphere; | 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid (3.1 g, 16 mmol) N1-benzyl-4-bromobenzene-1,2-diamine (45 g, 160 mmol) and 500 mL of dichloromethane and 30 mL of trimethylorthobenzoate were added to the mixed solution.The reaction is carried out for 40 hours at room temperature under nitrogen.After the reaction was completed, the organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure, washed with 40% methanol / water and sodium hydrogencarbonate / water, and dried to obtain a product. (22.3 g, yield 40%) |
40% | With toluene-4-sulfonic acid; In dichloromethane; at 20℃; for 40h;Inert atmosphere; | 4-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid (3.1 g, 16 mmol) was converted to N1-benzyl-4-bromobenzene-1,2-diamine (45 g, 160 mmol).And 500 mL of dichloromethane and o-trimethyl benzoate30 mL is added to the mixed solution and reacted for about 40 hours at room temperature under nitrogen. After the reaction was completed, the organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure, washed with 40% methanol / water and sodium hydrogencarbonate / water, and dried to obtain a product. (22.3 g, yield 40%) |
40% | With toluene-4-sulfonic acid; In dichloromethane; at 20℃; for 40h;Inert atmosphere; | 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid (3.1 g, 16 mmol) is mixed with N1-benzyl-4-bromobenzene-1,2-diamine (45 g, 160 mmol) with 500 mL of dichloromethane and 30 mL of trimethylorthobenzoate. It is added to one solution and reacted for 40 hours at room temperature under nitrogen. After completion of the reaction, the organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure, washed with 40% methanol / water and sodium hydrogen carbonate / water and dried to obtain the product. (22.3 g, yield 40%) |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
80% | With ammonium acetate; In 1,4-dioxane;Reflux; | General procedure: N -(2-aminobenzoyl)benzotriazoles (0.25 mmol) 1 previously synthesized by our group were reacted with orthoester (0.50 mmol) 2 and ammonium acetate (1.0 mmol) in dioxane for 6-10 h. After completion of the reaction, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography over silica gel with a EtOAc/n-hexane mixture (from 1:2 or 1:1) to obtain white crystals (62%-95%). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
92% | With ammonium acetate; In 1,4-dioxane;Reflux; | General procedure: N -(2-aminobenzoyl)benzotriazoles (0.25 mmol) 1 previously synthesized by our group were reacted with orthoester (0.50 mmol) 2 and ammonium acetate (1.0 mmol) in dioxane for 6-10 h. After completion of the reaction, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography over silica gel with a EtOAc/n-hexane mixture (from 1:2 or 1:1) to obtain white crystals (62%-95%). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
68% | With ammonium acetate; In 1,4-dioxane;Reflux; | General procedure: N -(2-aminobenzoyl)benzotriazoles (0.25 mmol) 1 previously synthesized by our group were reacted with orthoester (0.50 mmol) 2 and ammonium acetate (1.0 mmol) in dioxane for 6-10 h. After completion of the reaction, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography over silica gel with a EtOAc/n-hexane mixture (from 1:2 or 1:1) to obtain white crystals (62%-95%). |
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