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CAS No. : | 590-29-4 | MDL No. : | MFCD00013100 |
Formula : | CHKO2 | Boiling Point : | - |
Linear Structure Formula : | - | InChI Key : | WFIZEGIEIOHZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
M.W : | 84.12 | Pubchem ID : | 2735122 |
Synonyms : |
|
Num. heavy atoms : | 4 |
Num. arom. heavy atoms : | 0 |
Fraction Csp3 : | 0.0 |
Num. rotatable bonds : | 0 |
Num. H-bond acceptors : | 2.0 |
Num. H-bond donors : | 0.0 |
Molar Refractivity : | 7.14 |
TPSA : | 40.13 Ų |
GI absorption : | Low |
BBB permeant : | No |
P-gp substrate : | Yes |
CYP1A2 inhibitor : | No |
CYP2C19 inhibitor : | No |
CYP2C9 inhibitor : | No |
CYP2D6 inhibitor : | No |
CYP3A4 inhibitor : | No |
Log Kp (skin permeation) : | -6.96 cm/s |
Log Po/w (iLOGP) : | -3.74 |
Log Po/w (XLOGP3) : | -0.2 |
Log Po/w (WLOGP) : | -1.63 |
Log Po/w (MLOGP) : | -1.13 |
Log Po/w (SILICOS-IT) : | -0.23 |
Consensus Log Po/w : | -1.39 |
Lipinski : | 0.0 |
Ghose : | None |
Veber : | 0.0 |
Egan : | 0.0 |
Muegge : | 2.0 |
Bioavailability Score : | 0.55 |
Log S (ESOL) : | -0.24 |
Solubility : | 48.9 mg/ml ; 0.581 mol/l |
Class : | Very soluble |
Log S (Ali) : | -0.19 |
Solubility : | 54.8 mg/ml ; 0.651 mol/l |
Class : | Very soluble |
Log S (SILICOS-IT) : | 0.97 |
Solubility : | 790.0 mg/ml ; 9.4 mol/l |
Class : | Soluble |
PAINS : | 0.0 alert |
Brenk : | 1.0 alert |
Leadlikeness : | 1.0 |
Synthetic accessibility : | 1.74 |
Signal Word: | Warning | Class: | N/A |
Precautionary Statements: | P280-P305+P351+P338-P310 | UN#: | N/A |
Hazard Statements: | H302-H315-H319-H332-H335 | Packing Group: | N/A |
GHS Pictogram: |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
76% | With potassium iodide In sulfolane at 100℃; for 4h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With water In 1,2-dichloro-benzene at 100℃; for 48h; further alkaly formate salts, temperature, catalyst quantity and water content;influence of ultrasonic irradiation on mass transfer; | ||
86 % Chromat. | In xylene at 120℃; for 120h; | |
With water In 1,2-dichloro-benzene at 100℃; for 48h; Yield given; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
66% | With potassium tetrafluoroborate; 1,2,3-trimethylbenzimidazoline In dimethylsulfoxide-d6 at 50℃; for 18h; | |
55% | With potassium fluoride; carbonyl(5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato)ruthenium(II); Dimethylphenylsilane In acetonitrile at 60℃; for 4h; | |
5.8% | With C23H19ClN7ORu(1+)*Cl(1-); hydrogen; potassium hydroxide In tetrahydrofuran; water at 20 - 130℃; for 25h; Autoclave; Schlenk technique; |
With water; hydrogen; palladium; calcium carbonate | ||
With borax; water; hydrogen; palladium | ||
With potassium sulfate In water redn. with Al-amalgam; | ||
With potassium sulfate In water redn. with K-amalgam; | ||
0.264 mmol | With [(η6-p-cymene)Ru(η2-N,O-8-hydroxyquinolate)(H2O)]BF4; hydrogen; potassium hydroxide In water at 80℃; for 20h; | |
94 %Spectr. | With (2,6-bis(diisopropylphosphinomethyl)pyridine)iridium(III)trihydride; hydrogen; potassium hydroxide In tetrahydrofuran; water at 120℃; for 48h; | |
With C19H29ClIrN4(1+)*F6P(1-); hydrogen; potassium hydroxide In water at 80℃; for 18h; Autoclave; | ||
With [(η6-C6Me6)RuCl(methylenebis(N-methylimidazole-H))][PF6]; isopropyl alcohol; potassium hydroxide In water at 200℃; for 16h; Autoclave; | ||
With [Cp*lr(4,4'-DHBP)Cl]Cl; hydrogen; potassium hydroxide In water at 80℃; for 30h; | ||
With C13H13IrN4O5(2+)*O4S(2-); hydrogen; potassium hydrogencarbonate In water at 80℃; for 8h; | ||
With carbonylhydrido[6-(di-tert-butylphosphinomethylene)-2-(N,N-diethylaminomethyl)-1,6-dihydropyridine]ruthenium(II); hydrogen; potassium carbonate In diethylene glycol dimethyl ether at 200℃; for 48h; | ||
With K2SO4; aluminium amalgame In water redn. with Al-amalgam; | ||
With potassium amalgame; K2SO4 In water redn. with K-amalgam; | ||
With C17H42IrNP2; potassium hydroxide In water; acetonitrile for 24h; Electrolysis; | ||
99 %Spectr. | With C30H50IrNP2; hydrogen; potassium hydroxide In tetrahydrofuran; water at 140℃; for 20h; | |
With (2,6-bis(diisopropylphosphinomethyl)pyridine)iridium(III)trihydride; hydrogen; mercury; potassium hydroxide In tetrahydrofuran; water at 200℃; for 1.5h; Autoclave; | Mercury Poisoning Test for Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide Catalyst A-H3 (20 mol) was dissolved in THF(4.00 mL) and diluted to 100 mol L1. To the 50mL stainlessautoclave equipped with a PTFE inner-tube and a small funnel,the solution of catalyst (100 L), degassed aqueous KOH(1.00 M, 5.00 mL) and Hg (30 L, 2.0mmol) were charged andpressurized with CO2 (2.5 MPa) and H2 (2.5 MPa). The reactionmixture was stirred at 200 °C for 1.5 h. Yield of potassiumformate was calculated to be 0.24mmol (TON 24000) by1HNMR in D2O with sodium 3-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propanesulfonateas an internal standard. The activity is consistent withthat without adding mercury (TON 24000). | |
With PdAl; hydrogen; potassium hydroxide In methanol; water at 100℃; for 24h; | 2 Embodiment 2 In 20 ml in the reactor, by adding potassium hydroxide (1mmol), a nano-porous palladium (by Pd-Al alloy preparation, 0.05mmol), de-ionized water and methanol (10:1,2 ml), hydrogen replacement 3 times, the hydrogen is first sufficient 1 MPa, re-breathing CO2to 2 MPa. Into a reaction kettle 100 °C in the oil bath boiler, reaction 24h, taking out a reaction kettle, in water, cooling to the ambient temperature, opening the reaction kettle, turns on lathe steams the meter reaction solution is taken out by removing solvent, to obtain a potassium formate. | |
With [Cp*Ir(4,4'-(SMe)2-bpy)(OH2)]SO4; potassium hydrogencarbonate at 100℃; for 36h; | 1.7 Preparation of [Cp*Ir(4,4'-(SMe)2-bpy)(OH2)]SO4 and Catalytic Hydrogenation of CO2: (7) seal the reactor placed in water for air tightness check.Confirm that the reactor is sealed correctly,The reactor was charged with CO2,And then release the kettle gas,Repeated three times to ensure that the reactor for the CO2 atmosphere.Transferring the prepared iridium complex catalyst solution of step (6) into a reaction kettle,The kettle was sealed.The reaction kettle was evacuated by means of an oil pump,Then CO2,This gas replacement step was repeated three times.1: 1 ratio of CO2 and H2 gas into the 4MPa,Speed 1500r / min,Heating to a reaction temperature of 100 ° C,Reaction 36h. | |
With C12H15ClN3O2Pd; hydrogen; potassium hydroxide In water at 200℃; for 3h; Green chemistry; | Experimental Section To a 0.5 dram vial equipped with a stir bar, was added 1.7 mmol KOH and 5 μmol complex 1 into 1.0 mL H2O. The solution was stirred at room temperature for one minute. The reaction was then placed in a stainless steel reactor with a high pressure valve composed of Swagelok components and was subjected to eight purge cycles and charged with 6.8 atm (800 μmol) carbon dioxide gas followed by 20.4 atm (2,400 μmol) hydrogen gas. The reactor was stirred at 200 °C for 3 hours. The reaction vessels were then held at -20 °C for half an hour. 0.5 mL D2O was added to the reaction mixture and a wet1D NMR was taken using DMSO as an internal standard. | |
With potassium phosphate; [(MeCN)3Ru(PNHC)2PPh](BF4)2; hydrogen In tetrahydrofuran at 140℃; for 96h; | ||
With hydrogen; potassium carbonate In water at 120℃; for 24h; Autoclave; | ||
With sulfuric acid; formate dehydrogenase from Rhodobacter capsulatus; paraquat dichloride; potassium nitrate In aq. phosphate buffer for 5h; Electrochemical reaction; Enzymatic reaction; | The mediated electro-enzymatic CO2 reduction was performed in an electrochemical reactor, in which the anodic and cathodic compartments were separated by a proton exchange membrane (Nafion 115, DuPont). The anodic compartment was equipped with Pt wire and filled with 1 mM H2SO4. A glassy carbon plate (2.0 cm × 1.5 cm) and an Ag/AgCl electrode were placed in the cathodic compartment that contained 10 ml of 200 mM KPB, 10 mM KNO3, 10 mM MV, and 65 U of RcFDH. CO2 gas (99.999%) was purged into the cathodic compartment at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/s. Formate was quantified by a HPLC (Agilent 1200 series) equipped with an Aminex HPX 87-H column (300 × 7.8 mm, Bio-Rad) and a refractive index detector. | |
With borax; water; hydrogen; palladium | ||
With water; hydrogen; palladium; calcium carbonate | ||
0.00151 mol | With C19H23ClIrN2(1+)*Cl(1-); hydrogen; potassium hydroxide In water at 80℃; for 1h; Autoclave; | |
With tris(pentafluorophenyl)borate; hydrogen; potassium carbonate In tetrahydrofuran at 160℃; for 48h; Autoclave; | ||
With C28H32IrNP2; hydrogen; potassium hydroxide In tetrahydrofuran; water at 25℃; for 19h; Glovebox; Inert atmosphere; | 2.8. Catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 A general procedure for the catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 isdescribed here. Catalyst [IrH3(PhPNHP)] (0.006 g, 9.42 mmol) was weighed inside the glove box and transferred to a 25mL Parrreactor vessel. Then, a small amount of THF (1 mL) and an aqueoussolution of base were added (2-4 mL, 2-4 mmol). Finally, the reactor was pressurized with CO2 (7 bar) followed by H2 (7 bar) to a total pressure of 14 bar (1:1). The reaction parameters such as temperature (T °(C)) and time (t (h)) were set as summarized inTable 3 (S.M). Upon reaction completion, H2O and THF were removed under vacuum. Then, D2O was added to the reaction mixture and it was analyzed using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. | |
With hydrogen; potassium carbonate In methanol at 160℃; for 2h; | ||
With C21H34MnN2O2P; hydrogen; potassium hydroxide In tetrahydrofuran at 110℃; for 60h; Autoclave; | ||
100 %Spectr. | With carbonyl chlorohydride{bis[2-(bis-tert-butylphosphino)ethyl]amine}ruthenium(II); hydrogen; potassium hydroxide In ethylene glycol at 140℃; for 20h; | |
With C63H67P3Ru; hydrogen; potassium hydroxide In 1,4-dioxane; water at 40℃; for 17h; Autoclave; High pressure; | ||
With hydrogen; potassium hydroxide In ethanol at 100℃; for 24h; | ||
With potassium phosphate; hydrogen; C40H42N7PRu(2+)*2F6P(1-) In tetrahydrofuran at 140℃; for 16h; Glovebox; | ||
With potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate; hydrogen; (2,6-bis(di-tert-butylphosphinomethyl)pyridine)Mn(CO)<SUB>2</SUB>-H In tetrahydrofuran at 100℃; for 18h; | ||
4.336 mmol | With hydrogen; C20H30IrN5O2(2+)*O4S(2-); potassium carbonate for 24h; Autoclave; | 5. General CO2 hydrogenation reaction Into a stainless steel autoclave reactor, the appropriate μmol of theappropriate catalyst was dissolved in 10 mL of the required solvent. Thiswas then followed by addition of the required amount of an appropriatebase and pressurizing the resulting solution with the required CO2:H2ratios. The reaction mixture was then stirred at 1500 rpms at theappropriate temperature for the required time. After completion of thereaction, the reactor was cooled to room temperature and the gassesslowly vented. Follwing this, 0.4 mL of the contents of the reactor weresampled and added to 0.2 mL of D2O and 5μL of DMF (as standard). Theamounts and concentration of product (formate) was then calculated by comparing integral ratios between the known mmols of standard andformate peak at 8.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum of the sample. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
62% | Stage #1: potassium formate With acetic anhydride; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; Stage #2: 4-tolyl iodide With tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0); lithium chloride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 80℃; for 21h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
78% | Stage #1: potassium formate With acetic anhydride; triethylamine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 1h; Stage #2: para-iodoanisole With tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0); lithium chloride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 80℃; for 3h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With potassium hydroxide In not given neutralisation of formic acid (85 %) with potassium hydroxide, soln. evapn. until crystals deposition; crystals washing (alcohol), long time drying over H2SO4; optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric anal.; | ||
With potassium hydroxide In water | 1 EXAMPLE 1; Preparation of {(2R)-2-[4-(4-{2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]ethyl}phenyl)phenyl]propyl}[(methylethyl)sulfonyl]amine; Preparation of Final Title Compound EXAMPLE 1 [0048] Preparation of {(2R)-2-[4-(4-{2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]ethyl}phenyl)phenyl]propyl}[(methylethyl)sulfonyl]amine. [CHEMMOL-00010] [0049] Preparation of 2-Phenyl-1-propylamine HCl. [CHEMMOL-00011] [0050] Scheme I, step A: To an autoclave hydrogenation apparatus under nitrogen was charged water-wet 5% palladium on carbon (453 g), ethanol (6.36 L), 2-phenylpropionitrile (636 g, 4.85 moles) and finally concentrated (12M) hydrochloric acid (613 g, 5.6 mole). The mixture was stirred rapidly and pressurized to 75-78 psi with hydrogen. The mixture was then heated to 50-64° C. for 3 hours. 1H NMR analysis of an aliquot showed less than 5% starting material. The reaction mixture was depressurized and filtered to afford two lots of filtrate that were concentrated under reduced pressure to -400 mL each. To each lot was added methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) (2.2 L each) and the precipitate solids were allowed to stir overnight. Each lot was filtered and the collected solids were each washed with fresh MTBE (100 mL) and dried overnight. The lots were combined to afford 2-phenyl-1-propylamine HCl (634.4 g, 76.2%) as a white powder. [0051] 1H NMR analysis of the free base: 1H NMR (CDCl3, 300 MHz) δ 7.32 (m, 2H), 7.21 (m, 3H), 2.86 (m, 2H), 2.75 (m, 1H), 1.25 (d, 3H, J=6.9), 1.02 (br s, 2H). [0052] Preparation of (2R)-2-phenylpropylamine Malate. [CHEMMOL-00012] [0053] Scheme I, step B: To a dry 3-Liter round bottom flask under nitrogen was charged 2-phenyl-1-propylamine HCl (317.2 g, 1.85 moles), dry ethanol (2.0 L) and NaOH beads (75.4 g, 1.89 moles) that were washed in with additional ethanol (500 mL). The mixture was stirred for 1.6 hours, and the resulting milky white NaCl salts were filtered. An aliquot of the filtrate was analyzed by gas chromatography to provide the amount of free amine, 2-phenyl-1-propylamine, (1.85 moles). A solution of L-malic acid (62.0 g, 0.462 mole, 0.25 equivalents) in ethanol (320 mL) was added dropwise to the yellow filtrate and the solution was heated to 75° C. The solution was stirred at 75° C. for 30 minutes. The heat was removed and the solution was allowed to cool slowly. The resulting thick precipitate was allowed to stir overnight. The precipitate was filtered and dried under vacuum after rinsing with ethanol (325 mL) to afford (2R)-2-phenylpropylamine malate (147.6 g, 39.5%) as a white crystalline solid. Chiral GC analysis of the free base, 2-phenyl-1-propylamine revealed 83.2% e.e. enriched in the R-isomer (configuration was assigned via spectrometric comparison with commercial 2-phenyl-1-propylamine) [0054] 1H NMR (CDCl3, 300 MHz) δ 7.32 (m, 2H), 7.21 (m, 3H), 2.86 (m, 2H), 2.75 (m, 1H), 1.25 (d, 3H, J=6.9), 1.02 (br s, 2H). [0055] A slurry of (2R)-2-phenylpropylamine malate (147.1 g, 83.2% e.e.) in 1325 mL ethanol and 150 mL deionized water was heated to reflux (-79.2° C.) until the solids went into solution. The homogeneous solution was allowed to slowly cool with stirring overnight. The precipitated white solids were cooled (0-5° C.) and filtered. The collected solids were rinsed with ethanol (150 mL) and dried at 35° C. to afford (2R)-2-phenylpropylamine malate (125.3 g, 85.2% recovery) as a white powder. Chiral GC analysis of the free base, (2R)-2-phenylpropylamine, revealed 96.7% e.e. enriched in the R-isomer. [0056] 1H NMR (CD3OD, 300 MHz) δ 7.32 (m, 10H), 4.26 (dd, 1H, J=3.6, 9.9), 3.08 (m, 6H), 2.72 (dd, 1H, J=9.3, 15.3), 2.38 (dd, 1H, J=9.3, 15.6), 1.33 (d, 6H, J=6.6). [0057] Preparation of ((2R)-2-phenylpropyl)[(methylethyl)sulfonyl]Amine. [CHEMMOL-00013] [0058] Scheme I, steps C and D: To a stirred slurry of (2R)-2-phenylpropylamine malate (200 g, 0.494 mol) in CH2Cl2 (1000 mL) was added 1.0 N NaOH (1050 mL, 1.05 moles). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour and the organic phase was separated and gravity filtered into a 3.0 L round-bottom flask with a CH2Cl2 rinse (200 mL). The resulting free base, (2R)-2-phenylpropylamine, was dried via azeotropic distillation. Accordingly, the clear filtrate was concentrated to 600 mL at atmospheric pressure via distillation through a simple distillation head. Heptane (1000 mL) was added and the solution was concentrated again at atmospheric pressure to 600 mL using a nitrogen purge to increase the rate of distillation. The final pot temperature was 109° C. [0059] The solution was cooled to room temperature under nitrogen with stirring to give a clear, colorless heptane solution (600 mL) of (2R)-2-phenylpropylamine. To this solution was added 4-dimethylaminopyridine (6.04 g, 0.0494 mol), triethylamine (200 g, 1.98 moles), and CH2Cl2 (500 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature until a clear solution was obtained. This solution was cooled to 5° C. and a solution of isopropylsulfonyl chloride (148 g, 1.04 moles) in CH2Cl2 (250 mL) was added dropwise with stirring over 2 hrs. The mixture was allowed to warm gradually to room temperature over 16 h. GC analysis indicated complete consumption of the (2R)-2-phenylpropylamine starting material. [0060] The stirred mixture was cooled to 8° C. and 2 N HCl (500 mL) was added dropwise. The organic phase was separated and extracted with water (1×500 mL) and saturated NaHCO3 (1×500 mL). The organic phase was isolated, dried (Na2SO4), and gravity filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to provide ((2R)-2-phenylpropyl)[(methylethyl)sulfonyl]amine (230 g, 96%) as a pale yellow oil. 1H NMR (CDCl3, 300 MHz) δ 7.34 (m, 2H), 7.23 (m, 3H), 3.89 (br t, 1H, J=5.4), 3.36 (m, 1H), 3.22 (m, 1H), 3.05 (m, 1H), 2.98 (m, 1H), 1.30 (d, 3H, J=7.2), 1.29 (d, 3H, J=6.9), 1.25 (d, 3H, J=6.9). [0061] Preparation of [(2R)-2-(4-iodophenyl)propyl][(methylethyl)sulfonyl]amine. [CHEMMOL-00014] [0062] Scheme I, step E: A stirred room temperature solution of ((2R)-2-phenylpropyl)[(methylethyl)sulfonyl]amine (37.1 g, 0.154 mol) in glacial acetic acid (185 mL) was treated with concentrated H2SO4 (16.0 g, 0.163 mol), added dropwise in a slow stream, followed by a H2O rinse (37 mL). To this solution (30° C.) was added H5IO6 (8.29 g, 0.0369 mol), followed by iodine (17.9 g, 0.0707 mol). The resulting reaction mixture was heated and allowed to stir for 3 h at 60° C. After HPLC analysis verified the consumption of starting material, the reaction mixture was cooled to 30° C. and a 10% aqueous solution of NaHSO3 (220 mL) was added dropwise while maintaining the temperature between 25° C. and 30° C. The mixture crystallized to a solid mass upon cooling to 0-5° C. [0063] The solids were suction filtered and rinsed with H2O to afford 61.7 g of crude solids that were redissolved into warm MTBE (500 mL). This solution was extracted with H2O (2×200 mL) and saturated NaHCO3 (1×200 mL) and the organic phase was dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to -200 mL. Heptane (100 mL) was added dropwise to the product solution with slow stirring until crystallization commenced. An additional 100 mL of heptane was added and the resulting suspension was allowed to stir slowly overnight at room temperature. The mixture was then cooled (0° C.), filtered, and the collected solids were rinsed with heptane. The solids were then air-dried to afford the intermediate title compound, [(2R)-2-(4-iodophenyl)propyl][(methylethyl)sulfonyl]amine (33.7 g, 59.8%) as a white powder. Chiral Chromatography of this lot indicated 100% e.e. [0064] 1H NMR (CDCl3, 300 MHz) δ 7.66 (d, 2H, J=8.1), 6.98 (d, 2H, J=8.4), 3.86 (br t, 1H, J=5.1), 3.33 (m, 1H), 3.18 (m, 1H), 3.06 (m, 1H), 2.92 (m, 1H), 1.30 (d, 3H, J=6.6), 1.27 (d, 6H, J=6.6). [0065] Preparation of (methylsulfonyl)(2-phenylethyl)amine. [CHEMMOL-00015] [0066] Scheme II, step A: To a 10° C. solution of phenethylamine (12.1 g, 0.100 mol) and triethylamine (11.1 g, 0.110 mol) in CH2Cl2 (50 mL) was added methanesulfonyl chloride (12.6 g, 0.110 mol) dropwise over 10 min. The solution was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 h and was then washed with 1 N HCl (5×20 mL). The organic phase was directly concentrated to provide the intermediate title compound, (methylsulfonyl)(2-phenylethyl)amine, (21.2 g, 93.3%) as an oil. [0067] 1H NMR (CDCl3, 300 MHz) 67.32 (m, 2H), 7.23 (m, 3H), 4.30 (br s, 1H), 3.40 (t, 2H, J=3.9), 2.88 (t, 2H, J=4.2), 2.81 (s, 3H). [0068] Preparation of [2-(4-iodophenyl)ethyl](methylsulfonyl)amine. [CHEMMOL-00016] [0069] Scheme II, step B: To a stirring room temperature solution of (methylsulfonyl)(2-phenylethyl)amine (205 g, 1.03 moles), water (200 mL), 95% sulfuric acid (111 g, 1.08 moles) in acetic acid (1 L), was added iodine (111 g, 0.438 mol) and periodic acid (H5IO6, 45.6 g, 0.206 mol). The reaction mixture was warmed to 70-75° C. for 3 h. The heat was removed and the dark violet reaction mixture was allowed to proceed overnight at room temperature. Potassium hydroxide pellets (85%, 143 g, 2.16 moles) were added to neutralized the sulfuric acid and then enough saturated aqueous sodium sulfite was added to decolorize the mixture to afford a white suspension. The suspension was cooled to 15° C. and filtered. The filter cake was triturated thoroughly with water and was then dissolved in CH2Cl2 (1 L) and extracted with additional water (2×200 mL). The organic phase was concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the intermediate title compound, [2-(4-iodophenyl)ethyl](methylsulfonyl)amine, (201 g, 60.2%) as a white powder. [0070] 1H NMR (CDCl3, 300 MHz) δ 7.64 (d, 2H, J=4.8), 6.97 (d, 2H, J=5.1), 4.37 (br t, 1H, J=4), 3.36 (app. q, 2H, J=3.9), 2.85 (s, 3H), 2.82 (t, 2H, J=3.9). [0071] Preparation of (tert-butoxy)-N-[2-(4-iodophenyl)ethyl]-N-(methylsulfonyl)carboxamide. [CHEMMOL-00017] [0072] Scheme II, step C: A room temperature solution of [2-(4-iodophenyl)ethyl](methylsulfonyl)amine (201 g, 0.618 mol), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (3.8 g, 0.031 mol) and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (162 g, 0.744 mol) in CH2Cl2 (1 L) was allowed to stir overnight. The reaction mixture was washed with water (2×400 mL) and the organic phase was concentrated to about 600 mL and hexanes (400 mL) was added. This combined solution was washed again with water (400 mL) and was concentrated to a solid that was suspended in hexanes (600 mL) and filtered. The collected solids were dried under reduced pressure to afford the intermediate title compound, (tert-butoxy)-N-[2-(4-iodophenyl)ethyl]-N-(methylsulfonyl)carboxamide (241.5 g, 91.5%) as a white solid. [0073] 1H NMR (CDCl3, 300 MHz) δ 7.63 (d, 2H, J=7.8), 6.98 (d, 2H, J=7.8), 3.88 (t, 2H, J=6.9), 3.10 (s, 3H), 2.88 (t, 2H, J=6.9), 1.51 (s, 9H). [0074] Preparation of (tert-butoxy-N-(methylsulfonyl)-N-[2-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl(1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]ethyl]carboxamide. [CHEMMOL-00018] [0075] Scheme II, step D: To a degassed solution of (tert-butoxy)-N-[2-(4-iodophenyl)ethyl]-N-(methylsulfonyl)carboxamide (128 g, 0.300 mol), triethylamine (91.1 g, 0.900 mol), and 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino) ferrocenedichloropalladium (II)-CH2Cl2 complex (2.9 g, 0.0035 mol) in acetonitrile (600 mL) was added pinacolborane (50 g, 0.391 mol) dropwise. The mixture was stirred at 70-74° C. for 8 h and then was cooled to room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated to a fluid oil that was partitioned between MTBE (500 mL) and water (500 mL). The organic phase was separated and washed with water (2×200 mL) and concentrated to a residue that was partially dissolved with heptane (1 L). The heptane soluble fraction was filtered through Celite 521 and concentrated to an oil (95 g). The residue was dissolved in acetone (600 mL) and heptane (600 mL) and filtered through Celite 521. The combined filtrates were concentrated to 95 g of a mixture of a 3:1 molar ratio (1H NMR, 81.0% by weight) of intermediate title compound, (tert-butoxy)-N-(methylsulfonyl)-N-{2-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl(1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl))phenyl]ethyl}carboxamide, (60.3% potency corrected yield) and protio derivative. [0076] 1H NMR (CDCl3, 300 MHz) δ 7.75 (d, 2H, J=7.8), 7.23 (d, 2H, J=8.1), 3.87 (t, 2H, J-8.1), 2.99 (s, 3H), 2.90 (t, 2H, J=7.5), 1.53 (s, 9H), 1.33 (s, 6H), 1.27 (s, 6H). [0077] Preparation of (Methylsulfonyl){2-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl(1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl))phenyl]ethyl}amine. [CHEMMOL-00019] [0078] Scheme II, step E: To a 2 L flask charged with a stirring solution of (tert-butoxy)-N-(methylsulfonyl)-N-{2-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl(1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl))phenyl]ethyl}carboxamide (98.7 g, 0.232 mol) in CH2Cl2 (500 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (82 mL, 121.4 g, 1.06 moles) dropwise from an addition funnel. No exotherm was observed and the reaction solution was allowed to stir at room temperature for 18 h. [0079] HPLC analysis indicated 98% completion so the cooled (5° C.) reaction mixture was neutralized by the slow addition of 5N NaOH (175 mL). The pH of the aqueous phase was 10.5. The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH2Cl2 (50 mL). The combined CH2Cl2 phases were washed with brine (2×100 mL) and water (1×100 mL). The CH2Cl2 phase was diluted with heptane (300 mL) and was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford a suspension that was isolated by filtration. The collected solids were washed with pentane (2×100 mL) and dried under vacuum to provide the intermediate title compound, (methylsulfonyl){2-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl(1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl))phenyl]ethyl}amine, (69.0 g, 91.4%) as a white powder. [0080] 1H NMR (CDCl3, 300 MHz) δ 7.77 (d, 2H, J=8.1), 7.22 (d, 2H, J=7.8), 4.26 (br t, 1H, J-6), 3.40 (q, 2H, J=6.9), 2.89 (t, 2H, J=6.6), 2.82 (s, 3H), 1.34 (s, 12H). [0081] Preparation of 4-[2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]ethyl]benzene Boronic Acid. [CHEMMOL-00020] [0082] Scheme II, step F: (Methylsulfonyl){2-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl(1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl))phenyl]ethyl}amine (68.0 g, 0.209 mol) was placed into a 2L flask and combined with acetone (600 mL), 1N ammonium acetate (600 mL), and NaIO4 (168.1 g, 0.786 mol). This mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered to remove insoluble matter to afford filtrate A. The collected solids were washed with acetone (2×100 mL) and this filtrate was combined with filtrate A. The combined filtrates were concentrated under reduced pressure to 600 mL to afford a precipitate that was recovered by filtration. The collected solids were air-dried to give 110 g of crude material. This crude material was suspended in water (100 mL) and 5N NaOH was added until the pH was 12.5. The resulting suspension was filtered and the filtrate was treated with decolorizing carbon (Darco 6-60). The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was diluted with 10N H2SO4 until the pH was 5.0 to precipitate the intermediate title compound. This precipitate was collected by filtration and dried under reduced pressure to provide the intermediate title compound, 4-{(2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]ethyl}benzene boronic acid, (41.9 g, 82.5%) as a white powder. [0083] 1H NMR (acetone-d6, 300 MHz) δ 7.82 (d, 2H, J=8.4), 7.27 (d, 2H, J=7.8), 7.11 (s, 2H), 6.03 (m, 1H), 3.36 (m, 2H), 2.91 (m, 2H), 2.84 (s, 3H). [0084] Preparation of Final Title Compound. [0085] Scheme III: An aqueous solution of potassium formate was prepared in the following manner. To 15 mL of water was added KOH (85% flakes, 6.73 g, 0.102 mol), then 98% formic acid (4.70 g, 0.102 mol). Alternatively, one may use commercially available potassium formate. To this solution was then added K2CO3 (2.76 g, 0.0210 mol), 4-{2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]ethyl}benzene boronic acid (4.62 g, 0.190 mol), 1-propanol (100 mL), and [(2R)-2-(4-iodophenyl)propyl][(methylethyl)sulfonyl]amine (7.35 g, 0.200 |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With macroporous strong acid cation-exchange resin, Purolite C160 In water at 20 - 50℃; | 1; 2; 3 Example 1. KFo production with strong cation exchanger The test was made in smb-pilot system which consists of 20 ion exchange columns, wherein bed height was 1. 5 m and diameter was 0.1 m. The columns were packed with a macroporous strong acid cation-exchange resin, Purolite C160. The switch time of smb-unit was 330 s and the number of switches was 80. During one switch 1. [5 I] sodium formate (concentration 9.6 [MOL/L,] average flow rate 0. 27 I/min and temperature 50 [C)] and 7.1 [1] potassium chloride (concentration 3.9 [MOL/L,] sodium content 2.5 mole- %, average flow rate 1.3 I/min and temperature [20C)] was fed to the smb-unit. In addition to that water was fed for washing. Figure 2 illustrates the column configuration. Sodium formate was fed to the column 4 and potassium chloride to the column 15. The production outlet was from column 9 and regeneration outlet was from column 19. Figure 7 illustrates the percentage of counter ions in each column and Figure 8 illustrates concentration profiles in solution. The profiles are calculated with simulation model. The results are presented in Table 1. The production during one switch was 13.5 mole potassium formate, which sodium content was 9 mole-%. The regeneration product content was 51 mole-% sodium chloride and 49 mole-% potassium chloride. It was noticed that by taking side stream out from the production side the resin utilization can be improved and potassium content of the regeneration outlet (=potassium loss) can be reduced without diminishing the product quality. The switch time was 330 s and the number of switches was 80. During one switch 3.7 [I] sodium formate (concentration 9.6 [MOL/L,] average flow rate 0. 67 I/min and temperature 50 [°C)] and 7.0 [I] potassium chloride (concentration 3.9 [MOL/L,] sodium content 2.5 mole-%, flow rate 1. 3 I/min and temperature [20°C)] was fed to the smb-unit. In addition to that water was fed for washing. Figure 3 illustrates the column configuration. Sodium formate was fed to the column 2 and potassium chloride to the column 14. The production outlet was from column 9 and side stream outlet was from column 5 and regeneration outlet was from column 19. Figure 9 and 10 illustrate the resin and solution profiles. The difference of resin utilization can be seen comparing Figures 7 and 9. The production during one switch was 14.3 mole potassium formate (sodium content 9 mole-%). The side stream product was 12.5 mole potassium formate (sodium content 51 mole-%, which can be reduced by after treatment to 25 mole-%). The regeneration product content was 82 mole-% sodium chloride and 18 mole-% potassium chloride. The sidestream taken out contains thus sodium formate and potassium formate. This mixture can be a final product. The salts can also be separated by crystallization, whereby sodium formate crystals are sepa- rated and recycled as raw material for the production step. The other product is potassium formate solution having a lowered sodium formate content. Smb-unit can be run so, that resin liquid ratio is higher in the middle of system (the end part of the production section and the forepart of the regeneration section) than elsewhere in the system. This can be arranged by switching columns as shown in Figure 4a. Figure 4a illustrates a configuration where resin liquid ratio is 1.5 times higher in the middle of the smb-unit. With this system same benefits as in side stream system (mentioned in Example 2) can be achieved without taking a separate side stream. In the simulation model the situation can be imitated by taking out liquid from the production section and feeding liquid to the regeneration section. The simulation run described below differs from the actual arrangement of Fig. 4 in that respect. In the simulation run the number of columns [WAS 24.] The switch time was 330 s and the number of switches was 96. During one switch 3. [41] sodium formate (concentration 9.1 [MOL/L,] average flow rate 0.62 I/min and temperature 50 [°C)] and 7. [31] potassium chloride (concentration 4.1 [MOL/L,] sodium content 2.5 mole-%, average flow rate 1.3 [I/MIN] and temperature [20°C)] was fed to the smb-unit. In addition to that water was fed for washing. Sodium formate was fed to the column 2 and potassium chloride to the column 16. The production outlet was from column 11 and regeneration outlet was from column 23. Figure 11 and 12 illustrate the resin and solution profiles. The production during one switch was 26.1 mole potassium formate (sodium content 14 mole-%). The regeneration product content was 81 mole-% sodium chloride and 19 mole-% potassium chloride. | |
With macroporous weak-acid cation exchange resin, Purolite C104E In water at 20 - 50℃; | 4 Example 4. KFo production with weak cation exchanger The test was made in pilot as described in Example 1. A macroporous weak-acid cation exchange resin, [PUROLITE] C104E, was used. The switch time of smb unit was 430 s and the number of switches was 80. During one switch 1.8 [I] sodium formate (concentration 9.6 mol/l, average flow rate 0. 25 I/min and temperature 50 [°C)] and 12.7 [1] potassium chloride (concentration 4.0 [MOL/L,] sodium content 2.5 mole- %, average flow rate 1.8 I/min and temperature [20°C)] was fed to the smb-unit. In addition to that water was fed for washing. The column configuration was same as in example 1. Figure 13 and 14 illustrate the resin and solution profiles. The production during one switch was 18.0 mol potassium formate (sodium content 5 mole-%). The regeneration product content was 41 mole-% sodium chloride and 59 mole-% potassium chloride. | |
With weak-acid cation exchange resin, Purolite C104E; strong acid cation-exchange resin, Purolite C160 In water at 20 - 50℃; | 5 Example 5. KFo production with mixture of strong and weak cation exchanger The test was made in pilot as described in example 1. A 1: 1 mixture of weak-acid cation exchange resin, Purolite C104E, and strong acid cation-exchange resin, Purolite C160 was used. The switch time of smb unit was 430 s. The number of switch was [80.] During one switch 2.7 [I] sodium formate (concentration 9.6 [MOL/L,] average flow rate 0.38 [I/MIN] and temperature 50 [°C)] and 8.3 [1] potassium chloride (concentration 4.0 [MOL/L,] sodium content 2.5 mole- %, average flow rate 1.2 [I/MIN] and temperature [20°C)] was fed to the smb-unit. In addition to that water was fed for washing. The column configuration was same as in example 1. This experiment was made only in pilot, not with model, so the profiles are not presented. The production during one switch was 25.5 mol potassium formate (sodium content 17 mole-%). The regeneration product content was 66 mole-% sodium chloride and 34 mole-% potassium chloride. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With strong acid cation-exchange resin, Purolite C160 In water at 20 - 50℃; | 8 Example 8. KFo production with strong cation exchanger from potassium sulphate The salts with another anion as chloride can also be used as a raw material. When potassium sulphate is used instead of potassium chloride and the regeneration outlet is sodium sulphate. The switch time was 330 s and the number of switches was 80. During one switch 2.0 [I] sodium formate (concentration 9.1 [MOL/L,] average flow rate 0. 36 I/min and temperature 50 [°C)] and 10. [81] potassium sulphate (concentration 1.2 [MOL/L,] sodium content 2.5 mole-%, average flow rate 2.0 I/min and temperature [80°C)] was fed to the smb-unit. In addition to that water was fed for washing. Sodium formate was fed to the column 2 and potassium sulphate to the column 13. The production outlet was from column 8 and regeneration outlet was from column 19. Figure 19 and 20 illustrate the resin and solution profiles. The product during one switch was 18.0 mol potassium formate (sodium content 8 mole-%). The regeneration product content was sodium sulphate 70 mole-% and potassium sulphate 30 [MOLE-%.] |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With 18-crown-6 ether In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 80℃; for 8h; | 4 Example 4 Synthesis of (E)-2-(5-chlorobenzoxazol-2-yl)-1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3-formylpropene (Compound 33): In 20 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide, 0.5 g (1.9 mmols) of (E)-2-(5-chlorobenzoxazol-2-yl)-1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3-bromopropene, 0.2 g (1.9 mmols) of potassium formate and 0.04 g of 18-crown-6 were heated and stirred for 8 hours at 80°C. Cooling the system to room temperature, 30 mL of toluene was added. The organic layer was washed with water and saturated saline and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Distilling the toluene off under reduced pressure, the resulting residue was isolated on column chromatography (Wakogel C-300, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.; n-hexane: ethyl acetate = 15:1 elution) to provide 0.5 g of the object Compound 33 as pale yellow crystals. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With [Cp*Ir(4,7-dihydroxy-1,10-phenanthroline)Cl]Cl In potassium hydroxide CO2 reacted with H2 at 6 MPa and 60°C in aq. KOH catalyzed by Ir complex; | ||
In aq. KOH High Pressure; in a Hastelloy Autoclave Minireactor at 40 atm in aq. KOH soln.; heatingat 80°C or 200°C for 20 h in the presence of Ir-catalyst; after reducing the pressure to 1 bar and cooling to room temp., the solvent was removed by evapn.; the residue was dissolved in D2O; the yield was detd. by (1)H NMR in D2O; | ||
In aq. KOH High Pressure; in a Hastelloy Autoclave Minireactor at 40 atm in aq. KOH soln.; heatingat 80°C for 20 h in the presence of Ru-catalyst; after reducing the pressure to 1 bar and cooling to room temp., the solvent was removed by evapn.; the residue was dissolved in D2O; the yield was detd. by (1)H NMR in D2O; |
In aq. KOH High Pressure; in a Hastelloy Autoclave Minireactor at 40 atm in aq. KOH soln.; heatingat 80°C for 20 h in the presence of Ru-catalyst; after reducing the pressure to 1 bar and cooling to room temp., the solvent was removed by evapn.; the residue was dissolved in D2O; the yield was detd. by (1)H NMR in D2O; | ||
In aq. KOH High Pressure; in a Hastelloy Autoclave Minireactor at 40 atm in aq. KOH soln.; heatingat 80°C for 20 h in the presence of Ru-catalyst; after reducing the pressure to 1 bar and cooling to room temp., the solvent was removed by evapn.; the residue was dissolved in D2O; the yield was detd. by (1)H NMR in D2O; | ||
In aq. KOH High Pressure; in a Hastelloy Autoclave Minireactor at 40 atm in aq. KOH soln.; heatingat 80°C for 1, 4, 7, 15, 20, 24, 66 h and at 200°C for 1 , 20, 75 h in the presence of Ru-catalyst; after reducing the pressure to 1 bar and cooling to room temp., the solvent was removed by evapn.; the residue was dissolved in D2O; the yield was detd. by (1)H NMR in D2O; | ||
In aq. KOH High Pressure; in a Hastelloy Autoclave Minireactor at 40 atm in aq. KOH soln.; heatingat 80°C for 20 h or at 200°C for 1, 20 or 75 h; after reducing the pressure to 1 bar and cooling to room temp., the solvent was removed by evapn.; the residue was dissolved in D2O; the yield was detd. by (1)H NMR in D2O; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
1: 73.3% 2: 85.1% | ||
1: 73.3% 2: 85.1% | ||
With water In water at b.p.;in concd. soln.; |
In water boiling, exclusion of air; | ||
With H2O In water at b.p.;in concd. soln.; | ||
In water boiling, exclusion of air; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
30.8% | With 5%-palladium/activated carbon; hydrogen; In water; under 20627.1 Torr; for 1h; | General procedure: The hydrogenation of bicarbonate was carried out in the Parr micro-reactor, the dehydrogenation of formate was carried out in the reactor illustrated in FIG. 1. The fresh catalyst system after one cycle reaction (bicarbonate hydrogenation and formate dehydrogenation) was noted as spent 1 cycle. After every reaction, the spent catalyst system was separated by centrifugation and washed with water and ethanol 5 times, then dried at 50 C. in N2. The hydrogenation reaction conditions were: 20 mL H2O, 1M concentration of ammonium bicarbonate, 20 C. reaction temperature, 400 psi (H2) reaction pressure, 0.1 g fresh and spent catalyst system loading, 1 hour reaction time. Dehydrogenation reaction conditions were: 20 mL H2O, 1M concentration of ammonium formate, 80 C. reaction temperature, 1 atm (N2) reaction pressure, 0.1 g catalyst system loading, one hour reaction time. In the hydrogenation reaction system using a Pd/AC (5 wt % Pd) nano-catalyst system and 20 mmol NH4HCO3 in 20 ml H2O (NH4HCO3 concentration=1 mol/L), the ability to produce formate was determined. A high yield of ammonium formate, 59.6%, with a TON of 1103 was gained after reacting for 1 hour when the initial H2 pressure was 5.5 MPa. By extending the reaction time to 2 hours, a 90.4% formate yield with a TON of 1672 was obtained. As a side-by-side comparison, a [{RuCl2(benzene)}2] homogeneous catalyst was used under the similar reaction conditions (5 MPa initial H2 pressure and a 2-hour reaction time). Using the [{RuCl2(benzene)}2] homogeneous catalyst a yield of formate 35% with a TON of 807 was gained from 24 mmol NaHCO3 in the solution of 25 ml H2O and 5 ml THF solvent (reagent concentration<1 mol/L). These results indicate that the hydrogen storage process based on the reduction of ammonium bicarbonate over the Pd/AC heterogeneous catalyst system is more efficient than a homogeneous catalyst. |
With C12H32N4NiO(2+)*2NO3(1-); hydrogen; In water; at 100℃; under 45004.5 Torr; for 3h;High pressure;Catalytic behavior; | Hydrogenation reactions were performed in a high-pressurereactor (250 mL). The solution of NaHCO3 was added into the reactoralong with the catalyst. The reactor was then purged with N2before the introduction of H2 (60 bar at room temperature), andthen heated to the chosen temperature accompanied by stirringat 300 rpm. After a specific period of time, the reactor was cooleddown to room temperature and the pressure released. The productwas analyzed using an Agilent 1200 series (Agilent Technologies,Germany) LC system. The product separation was performed at50 C on a BIORAD AmineX HPX-87H Ion Exclusion Column(300 mm 7.8 mm). The flow rate was maintained at 0.75mL/min, run time was 20 min, and the UV detector was set at220 nm. The injection volume of the sample was 10 lL. The calibrationcurve with R2 of 0.999 was obtained with a series of formatesolutions (0.001 to 0.050 M). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
93% | In solid byproducts: H2; 330 °C; with KOH (1:0.05) in N2 atmosphere, the heating rate 6 deg/min; | |
79% | in aluminium block at 460-500°C; | |
1: 79% 2: 20% | With air In melt 460-500°C, in presence of air; |
79% | in aluminium block at 460-500°C; | |
1: 79% 2: 20% | With air In melt 460-500°C, in presence of air; | |
66.7% | heating in vacuum to 420°C; | |
66.7% | heating in vacuum to 420°C; | |
54% | In solid byproducts: C; up to 460 °c, N2; heating rate 6 deg/min; | |
43% | heating to 420°C for 1h; | |
43% | heating to 420°C for 1h; | |
12% | In solid up to 462 °C; CO2 atmosphere, heating rate 6 deg/min; | |
0% | In solid pu to 430 .egree. C; O2 atmosphere, heating rate 6 deg/min; | |
0% | heating to 360°C; | |
0% | heating to 360°C; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With C21H36Cl2IrN2; potassium hydroxide In water at 110℃; for 72h; Autoclave; | ||
With (1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)Ir-[κ2(N,C)-(NHC(C6H5)2-2-C6H4)]; potassium hydroxide In water at 80℃; for 5h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
98% | With [PhCOPd(PtBu3)I]; dtbpf In 2-methyltetrahydrofuran at 80℃; for 18h; Inert atmosphere; | |
99 %Spectr. | With dichloro(1,5-cyclooctadiene)palladium(II); N-Methyldicyclohexylamine; dtbpf; 9-methyl-9H-fluorene-9-carbonyl chloride; bis(dibenzylideneacetone)-palladium(0); tri tert-butylphosphoniumtetrafluoroborate In 1,4-dioxane at 80℃; for 18h; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
97% | With [PhCOPd(PtBu3)I]; dtbpf In 2-methyltetrahydrofuran at 80℃; for 18h; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
95% | With [PhCOPd(PtBu3)I]; dtbpf In 2-methyltetrahydrofuran at 80℃; for 18h; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
93% | With [PhCOPd(PtBu3)I]; dtbpf In diethylene glycol dimethyl ether at 120℃; for 18h; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
90% | With [PhCOPd(PtBu3)I]; dtbpf In 2-methyltetrahydrofuran at 80℃; for 18h; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
92% | With [PhCOPd(PtBu3)I]; dtbpf In 2-methyltetrahydrofuran at 80℃; for 18h; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
93% | With [PhCOPd(PtBu3)I]; dtbpf In 2-methyltetrahydrofuran at 80℃; for 18h; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
97% | With [PhCOPd(PtBu3)I]; dtbpf In diethylene glycol dimethyl ether at 120℃; for 18h; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
89% | With [PhCOPd(PtBu3)I]; dtbpf In 2-methyltetrahydrofuran at 80℃; for 18h; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
95% | With [PhCOPd(PtBu3)I]; dtbpf In 2-methyltetrahydrofuran at 80℃; for 18h; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
96% | With [PhCOPd(PtBu3)I]; dtbpf In 2-methyltetrahydrofuran at 80℃; for 18h; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
86% | With [PhCOPd(PtBu3)I]; dtbpf In 2-methyltetrahydrofuran at 80℃; for 18h; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
91% | With [PhCOPd(PtBu3)I]; dtbpf In 2-methyltetrahydrofuran at 80℃; for 18h; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
85% | With [PhCOPd(PtBu3)I]; dtbpf In 2-methyltetrahydrofuran at 80℃; for 18h; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
1: 98% 2: 15% | With hydrogen In dimethylsulfoxide-d6 at 120℃; for 1h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
1: 100% 2: 97 %Spectr. | With potassium <i>tert</i>-butylate at 25℃; for 0.0833333h; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
20 mg | With tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0); triethylamine; lithium chloride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 80℃; for 4h; Microwave irradiation; | 138.5 Step 5 4-(trans-2-(N-((1-Benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamido)cyclopropyl)benzoic acid To a 10-mL of microwave tube were added potassium formate (88 mg, 1.051 mmol), triethylamine (0.098 mL, 0.701 mmol) acetic anhydride (0.066 mL, 0.701 mmol) and DMF (1 mL), the resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. N-((1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-N-((trans)-2-(4-iodophenyl)cyclopropyl)acetamide (190 mg, 0.350 mmol), Pd2(dba)3 (8.02 mg, 8.76 μmol), and lithium chloride (44.6 mg, 1.051 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) were added. The tube was sealed and the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 4 h. The mixture was concentrated and the residue was taken up in methanol and filtered. The filtrate was purified using reverse-phase HPLC to give 20 mg of product as off-white solid. MS: (M+H)+=461.3. 1H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) δ ppm 1.40-1.62 (m, 3H), 1.65-1.78 (m, 1H), 1.87-2.01 (m, 2H), 2.07 (d, J=13.39 Hz, 1H), 2.51-2.62 (m, 1H), 2.80-3.00 (m, 2H), 3.20-3.71 (m, 6H), 4.23 (s, 2H), 7.21 (d, J=8.34 Hz, 2H), 7.42-7.54 (m, 5H), 7.95 (d, J=8.34 Hz, 2H). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
20 mg | Stage #1: potassium formate With acetic anhydride; triethylamine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 1h; Stage #2: N-((1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-N-((trans)-2-(4-iodophenyl)cyclopropyl)acetamide With tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0); lithium chloride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 80℃; for 4h; Sealed tube; | 138.5 4-(trans-2-(N-((1-Benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamido)cyclopropyl)benzoic acid To a 10-ml of microwave tube were added potassium formate (88 mg, 1.051 mmol). triethylamine (0.098 mL, 0.701 mmol) acetic anhydride (0.066 mL, 0.701mmol) and DMF (1 mL), the resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. N-((1 -henzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl)-2,2,2- trifluoro-N-((trans)-2-(4-iodephenyl)cyclopropyl)acetamide (190 mg, 0.350 mmol), Pd(dba)3, (8.02 mg, 8.76 μmol), and lithium chloride (44.6 mg, 1,051 mmol) in DMF (1 mL)were added.The tube was sealed and the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 4 h. The mixture was concentrated and the residue was taken up in methanol and filtered. The filtrate was purified using reverse-phase HPLC to give 20 mg of product as off-white solid. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With potassium fluoride; dodecacarbonyl-triangulo-triruthenium In acetonitrile at 80℃; for 13h; Inert atmosphere; Autoclave; | 4.8. One-pot synthesis of potassium formate The reaction was carried out in a 100-mL stainless steel Parrautoclave. The reactor was loaded with [Ru3(CO)12] (1.0 mg1.6 x 10-3 mmol), Et3SiH (360 mg 3.06 mmol), KF (179.8 mg,3.06 mmol), 10 mL of MeCN or water, and CO2 (100 psi), and heatedat 80 °C for 13 h. When MeCN was used as the solvent, the finalmixture was filtered over celite and analyzed by GC/MS, but whenthe reaction was performed in water, it was analyzed by 1H NMR(22 °C, 300 MHz, D2O) 8.40 ppm (KOC(O)-H). Isolated yield 60%. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With potassium fluoride; dodecacarbonyl-triangulo-triruthenium In acetonitrile at 80℃; for 48h; Inert atmosphere; Autoclave; | 4.8. One-pot synthesis of potassium formate General procedure: The reaction was carried out in a 100-mL stainless steel Parrautoclave. The reactor was loaded with [Ru3(CO)12] (1.0 mg1.6 x 10-3 mmol), Et3SiH (360 mg 3.06 mmol), KF (179.8 mg,3.06 mmol), 10 mL of MeCN or water, and CO2 (100 psi), and heatedat 80 °C for 13 h. When MeCN was used as the solvent, the finalmixture was filtered over celite and analyzed by GC/MS, but whenthe reaction was performed in water, it was analyzed by 1H NMR(22 °C, 300 MHz, D2O) 8.40 ppm (KOC(O)-H). Isolated yield 60%. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
60% | With potassium fluoride; dodecacarbonyl-triangulo-triruthenium In water at 80℃; for 13h; Inert atmosphere; Autoclave; Green chemistry; | 4.8. One-pot synthesis of potassium formate General procedure: The reaction was carried out in a 100-mL stainless steel Parrautoclave. The reactor was loaded with [Ru3(CO)12] (1.0 mg1.6 x 10-3 mmol), Et3SiH (360 mg 3.06 mmol), KF (179.8 mg,3.06 mmol), 10 mL of MeCN or water, and CO2 (100 psi), and heatedat 80 °C for 13 h. When MeCN was used as the solvent, the finalmixture was filtered over celite and analyzed by GC/MS, but whenthe reaction was performed in water, it was analyzed by 1H NMR(22 °C, 300 MHz, D2O) 8.40 ppm (KOC(O)-H). Isolated yield 60%. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
In water; at 100℃; | 200 g (0.68 mol) of <strong>[2304-30-5]tetra-n-butylphosphonium chloride</strong>,In an aqueous solution containing 80% of potassium formate was added 84 g (1.00 mol)Was added to the solution.In this state, since two phases were separated, water was added to make a homogeneous solution.This solution was concentrated under reduced pressure at 100 C.,Crystals of potassium chloride precipitated.The crystals were hot-filtered, and the filtrate containing the ionic liquid was recovered.The filtrate was dried under reduced pressure with an oil rotary pump to recover the regenerated ionic liquid.When this ionic liquid was analyzed by the Mohr method, the chloride ion concentration was 0.37 mol / kg.That is, it was found that 89% of the chloride ion in the model degraded ionic liquid was removed and replaced with formate ion. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
68.9% | With palladium diacetate; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In 1,2-dimethoxyethane; acetic anhydride at 60℃; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; | 7 Example 7 5-Methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro[1,3]thiazolo[5,4-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (1-c) Example 7 5-Methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro[1,3]thiazolo[5,4-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (1-c) To a 50 mL flask, compound (1-br-ts) (500 mg, 1.234 mmol), HCOOK (512 mg, 3.702 mmol), Pd(OAc)2 (5.5 mg, 0.025 mmol), and xantphos (28.6 mg, 0.049 mmol) were added. In a glove box under a current of nitrogen, a solution containing Ac2O (128 μL, 1.357 mmol) and DIPEA (0.53 mL, 3.085 mmol) in degassed DME (5 mL: the degassing was carried out by repeated reduction in pressure and purging with nitrogen three times) was added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 24 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere. The title compound in the reaction solution obtained was quantified (199.6 mg, 68.9%) under HPLC conditions [2]. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
97.9% | In water Green chemistry; | |
90.5% | In water at 25℃; | |
In methanol at 20℃; for 24h; | 4 Example 4 Take 0.06mol solid potassium formate dissolved in 50ml of methanol, then add 0.05mol [Bmim] Cl, at room temperatureThe reaction mixture was stirred for 24h and filtered to remove the white precipitate. The filtrate was rotary evaporated under reduced pressure at 45 ° C to remove the methanol solvent,Diethyl ether to precipitate unreacted solid potassium formate, and the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation to give a colorless viscous liquid [Bmim] [HCOO]. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
76.6% | With nickel; hydrogen In water at 200℃; for 2h; Green chemistry; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
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With rhodium on carbon; potassium hydroxide In water at 80℃; Electrolysis; | 2.1. Materials and methods General procedure: The MEAs (membrane electrode assemblies) were composed of a nickel foam support coated with a Rh/C or Pd/C catalyst as anode, a commercial Tokuyama A-201 anion-exchange membrane, and a commercial 40wt% Pt/C (Aldrich) catalyst supported on carbon cloth as cathode. The anode ink was prepared by mixing Rh/C or Pd/C (C=Vulcan XC-72) with a 5% aqueous suspension of PTFE to form a think catalyst paste which is spread onto a 5cm2 Ni-foam support (Heze Tianyu Technology Development Co., China) in order to obtain a catalyst coated electrode with a metal loading of 1mgcm-2. The cathodic ink was prepared in a 5mL high density polyethylene vial, mixing 200mg of the commercial Pt (40wt.%)/C in 450mg of distilled water, 790mg of 1-propanol and 1.56g of the ionomer Nafion (5wt.% in 2-propanol). The mixture was suspended with three pulses of ultrasound, 20W power at the frequency of 20kHz (Bandelin Sonor pulse UW 2200 SERIES). Finally this paste was spread onto a carbon cloth W1S1005 (CeTech Co. Ltd.) gas diffusion layer, with a Meyer rod (n°150) obtaining a 0.4mgcm-2 Pt loading. The active electroreformer cell was purchased from Scribner-Associates (USA). The MEAs were assembled by mechanically pressing together the anode, cathode and membrane within the cell hardware. The cell temperature was regulated at 80°C using a Scribner 805e fuel cell station. The aqueous fuel solution (2M KOH+2M methanol or potassium formate) was delivered to the anode at 1mLmin-1. Voltage scans and galvanostatic curves were determined using an ARBIN BT-2000 5A-4 channels instrument. Polarization experiments were recorded by applying a linear voltage ramp with a 10mVs-1 scan rate between 0.2 and 0.8V. Chronopotentiometry experiments were performed applying a constant electrolysis current of 125mA until the cell voltage reached the value of 0.65V. The fuel solutions after each experiment were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed by 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy and HPLC. A UFLC Shimadzu Chromatograph equipped with refraction index detector (RID) was used; the column is a GRACE- Alltech OA-1000 Organic Acids (300mm×6.5mm), thermostated at 65°C. The eluent is 0.01N H2SO4; and the eluent flow is 0.4mLmin-1. NMR spectra were acquired with a Bruker Avance DRX 400 spectrometer. Chemical shifts (δ) are reported in ppm relative to TMS (1H and 13C NMR spectra). Deuterated solvents (Sigma-Aldrich) used for NMR measurements were dried with activated molecular sieves; 1,4-dioxane was used as internal standard for product quantification. | |
With water; potassium hydroxide at 60℃; Electrolysis; | 2.1.4. Electrolysis cell testing General procedure: The fuel solution used was 30 ml of a 2 M KOH and 2 M of alcohol orformate aqueous solution. Potassium formate, methanol, ethanol, 1,2-propandiol, ethylene glycol, glycerol or 1,4-butanediol purchasedfrom Sigma-Aldrich-Merck were tested. The cell anode was fed recirculatingthe fuel in the anode compartment by means of a peristalticpump with a 1 ml min 1 flow rate.Voltage scans and galvanostatic curves were acquired using anARBIN BT-2000 5A-4 channels potentiostat/galvanostat. Chronopotentiometryexperiments were performed by applying a constantelectrolysis current of 30 mA cm 2 until the cell voltage reached thevalue of 1.0 V.The fuel solutions were recovered after each experiment and werequantitatively and qualitatively analyzed by 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopyand HPLC. NMR spectra were acquired with a with a Bruker Avance DRX400 spectrometer. Chemical shifts (δ) are reported in ppm relative toTMS (1H and 13C NMR spectra). Deuterated solvents (Sigma-Aldrich)used for NMR measurements were dried with activated molecular sieves;1,4-dioxane was used as internal standard for product quantification. AUFLC Shimadzu chromatograph equipped with refraction index detector(RID) was used; the column is a GRACE-Alltech OA-1000 organic acid(300 mm × 6.5 mm), thermostated at 65 C. The eluent is 0.01 N H2SO4,and the eluent flow is 0.4 ml min 1.The hydrogen generated during the electroreforming was recordedby a Bronkhorst EL-FLOW mass flow meter model F-101C-002-AGD-11-V with a maximum H2 flow rate of 3 ml min 1. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
81% | With tert-butylisonitrile; palladium diacetate; 1,2-bis-(diphenylphosphino)ethane In dimethyl sulfoxide at 120℃; for 5h; | 40 7-(1-Methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)isoquinoline-6-carbaldehyde To a solution of the product from the previous step (700 mg, 2.87 mmol) in DMSO (5 mL) were Pd(OAc)2 (32.2 mg, 0.144 mmol), dppe (114 mg, 0.287 mmol), 2-isocyano-2-methylpropane (0.357 ml, 3.16 mmol) and potassium formate (483 mg, 5.74 mmol), and the resulting mixture was stirred at 120° C. for 5 h. The mixture was treated with sat. aq. NaHCO3 (30 mL), and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with CH2Cl2 (3*20 mL), and the combined organic layers were washed with sat. aq. NaCl, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by SiO2 gel chromatography (0% to 5% MeOH in CH2Cl2) to give the title compound as a yellow solid (552 mg, 81%). MS (ES+) C14H11N3O requires: 237, found: 238 [M+H]+. |
51% | With tert-butylisonitrile; palladium diacetate; 1,2-bis-(diphenylphosphino)ethane In dimethyl sulfoxide at 120℃; for 6h; Inert atmosphere; | 25.6 Step 6: 7-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)isoquinoline-6-carbaldehyde To a solution of 6-chloro-7-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)isoquinoline (2.0 g, 8.21 mmol) in DMSO (15 mL) was added palladium(II) acetate (92 mg, 0.41 mmol), 1,2- bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (327 mg, 0.82 mmol), potassium formate (1.38 g, 16.41 mmol)and tert-butyl isocyanide (1.11 mL, 9.85 mmol). The mixture was heated to 120 °C for 6 h under a nitrogen atmosphere. After cooling the reaction to room temperature, sat. aq. NaHCO3 (50 mL) was added and the mixture stirred for an additional 30 mm. The solution was extracted with DCM (50 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude residue was purified by silica gel chromatography(petroleum ether / EtOAc = 1: 1) to give the title compound (1.0 g, 51%) as a white solid. ‘H NMR(400IVIHz,DMSO-d6) 10.31 (s, 1H), 9.41 (s, 1H), 8.57(d,J6.OHz, 1H), 8.51 (s, 1H), 8.26 (s, 1H), 8.13 (s, 1H), 8.04 (d, J= 5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.82 (s, 1H), 3.94 (s, 3H). LCMS M/Z (M+H) 238. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With tris(2-diphenylphosphinoethyl)phosphine; hydrogen; cobalt(II) fuoride; potassium carbonate In ethanol at 140℃; for 24h; Autoclave; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
79% | With 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutane isonitrile; palladium diacetate; johnphos In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 65℃; Inert atmosphere; | 11 Preparation 11 6-fluoro-2-methyl-1,3-benzothiazole-5-carbaldehyde 5-bromo-6-fluoro-2-methyl-1,3-benzothiazole (100.9 g, 410 mmol) in DMF (1009 mL) is sparged with N2 for 5 min at RT with stirring. Potassium formate (52.3 g, 615.0 mmol), palladium(II) acetate (2.82 g, 12.30 mmol), 2-(di-tert-butylphosphino)biphenyl (5.19 g, 17.2 mmol) and 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl isocyanide (90.8 mL, 492.0 mmol) are added and the mixture is sparged with N2 for 30 min at RT with stirring. The reaction mixture is stirred overnight at an internal temperature of 65° C., cooled to 20-25° C., and 2M aqueous HCl solution (820 mL) is added dropwise over 30 min, maintaining an internal temperature below 30° C. The resulting mixture is stirred at 20-25° C. for 2 h and diluted with EtOAc (1.5 L) and H2O (1 L). The layers are separated and the organic layer is washed with 10% aqueous N-acetyl-cysteine solution (2×1 L), saturated aqueous Na2CO3 (750 mL×2) and saturated aqueous NaCl (750 mL); the organic extract is dried over MgSO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the first batch of crude material. The aqueous HCl layer from the first extraction is further extracted with EtOAc (1 L, then 500 mL), and the combined organic extracts are washed with saturated aqueous NaCl (500 mL), dried over MgSO4, and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the second batch of crude material. The combined aqueous N-acetyl-cysteine layers are then extracted with EtOAc (1 L, then 500 mL) and the combined organic extracts are washed sequentially with saturated aqueous Na2CO3 (500 mL) and saturated aqueous NaCl (500 mL); the combined organic extracts are dried over MgSO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the third batch of crude material. The three batches of crude material are combined in MTBE (250 mL) and heptane (250 mL) and the resulting slurry is stirred at RT for 20 min. The resulting precipitate is filtered and washed with heptane (250 mL). The filtered solid is dried under vacuum at 45° C. to give a first batch of product. The filtrate is concentrated and the residue is purified by column chromatography over silica, eluting with a gradient of 0-100% EtOAc/heptane. The product-containing fractions are combined and concentrated to a volume of approximately 400 mL, the resulting slurry is stirred at RT for 15 min, filtered, and the filtered solid is washed with heptane (200 mL), to give a second batch of product. The first and second batches of product are combined with heptane (500 mL), slurried at RT, filtered, and the filtered solid is washed with heptane (250 mL). The filtered solid is dried under vacuum at 45° C. overnight to give the title compound (63.5 g, 79% yield). ES/MS m/z: 196 (M+H). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
96% | at 125℃; for 5.5h; | 4.1 1) Add 80g to the three-necked flaskN, N-dibutylformamide and 90g of potassium formate were heated by magnetic stirring. A serpentine condenser tube was added above the three-necked flask to reflux and condense. After heating to 125 ° C, 20g of R142 was added dropwise into the above system within 30min. After continuing the reaction at 125 ° C for 5h, it was cooled to room temperature. The obtained reaction solution was filtered and distilled to obtain 2,2-difluoroethyl formate in a molar yield of 96%. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
38 g | With carbon dioxide; potassium carbonate at 190 - 195℃; for 2.5h; | 1-5 Example 1 In a three-neck reaction flask, add 30.6g of p-aminosalicylic acid, 27.6g of potassium carbonate, and 184.9g of potassium formate, mix evenly, and pass CO2 gas to replace it twice, then continue to feed CO2 under 1bar pressure, and heat the reaction system To 190-195°C, potassium formate completely melted, and reacted at this temperature for 2.5 hours.After the reaction is complete, add DMSO to the reaction system, stir it into a slurry, then add water and ethyl acetate for extraction and separation, discard the organic phase, adjust the aqueous phase to acidity with 1M dilute hydrochloric acid, precipitate solids, filter, and dry To obtain 38.0 g of 4-amino-6-hydroxy-isophthalic acid. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
87% | With potassium iodide In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 60℃; for 12h; Inert atmosphere; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
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In methanol at 825℃; | [Bmim]Br (0.03 mol) and potassium acetate were weighed at the molar ratio of 1:1 and dissolvedin methanol. The reaction lasted for 8 h at 25 °C, 10 mL ether was added after reaction and thewhite precipitate was removed by filtration. The filtrate was evaporated for 1 h at 55 °C and driedin the vacuum oven at 70 °C for 24 h to obtain ionic liquid [Bmim][CH3COO]. [Bmim][HCOO] and[Bmim]OH can be prepared by changing the above-mentioned potassium acetate into potassiumformate and sodium hydroxide, respectively. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
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Stage #1: 1-(4-cyclohexyl-2-methyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)ethan-1-one With trichlorophosphate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0 - 20℃; for 3h; Stage #2: potassium formate In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0 - 105℃; for 3h; Inert atmosphere; | General procedure A for the synthesis of compounds 6a - 6g General procedure: To a stirred ice-cooled solution of compound 1a - 1e (20mmol) in HOAc (40mL), the sodium nitrite (30mmol) in H2O (5mL) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. for about 3h, then Zn (40mmol) and pentane-2,4-dione (20mmol) was added at 0°C. And the reaction mixture was heated to 85°C for about 4h. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was chromatographed, eluting with a gradient of 2-10% EtOAc/petroleum ether to afford compound 2a - 2e (yield, 58-89%) as a clear oil. (0047) To a suspension of compound 2a - 2e (10mmol), KOH (50mmol) in ethylene glycol (20mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at 140°C for about 3h. After completion of reaction, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated under vacuum to give 3a - 3e (yield, 72-91%) without further purification. (0048) To a solution of 3a (2.0g, 14.6mmol) in THF (20mL) at - 78°C was added NBS (2.6g, 14.6mmol) in four batches. The reaction mixture was stirred at - 78°C for 1h. Then the reaction was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed, eluting with a gradient of 10-20% EtOAc/petroleum ether to afford compound 4 (1.8g, yield, 57%) as a yellow solid. (0049) A mixture of 3a - 3e (10mmol) in anhydrous DMF (20mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise POCl3 (20mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for about 3h. Then the mixture was added dropwise 5M KOAc (50mmol) solution at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at 105°C under nitrogen for about 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 5a - 5e (yield, 51-74%) as a brown solid. (0050) A flask was charged with compound 4 (0.22g, 1mmol), corresponding boric ester (1.2mmol), PdCl2(dppf) (0.1mmol), K2CO3 (5mmol) and sparged with nitrogen. Degassed dioxane (7mL) and water (2mL) was added and the mixture was heated at 100°C for 4h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (30-80% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 6a - 6e (yield, 49-68%) as a white solid. (0051) A mixture of 5a (0.2g, 1.2mmol), Na2S2O5 (0.023g, 0.12mmol), benzene-1,2-diamine (0.13g, 1.2mmol) or 2-aminobenzenethiol (0.15g, 1.2mmol) in DMF (10mL) was degassed under a stream of nitrogen. The resulting brown solution was heated at 140°C overnight. The cooled reaction was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution, 1-2% MeOH/dichloromethane) to afford 6f - 6g (yield, 59, 62%) as a white solid. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
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74% | Stage #1: 1-(4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)ethan-1-one With trichlorophosphate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0 - 20℃; for 3h; Stage #2: potassium formate In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 105℃; Inert atmosphere; | 5.11.8 General procedure H for the synthesis of compounds 35b-35x General procedure: A mixture of 30 (4.06g, 50mmol) in anhydrous DMF (60mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise POCl3 (9.32mL, 100mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3h. Then the mixture was added dropwise 5M KOAc (24.54g, 250mmol) solution at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at 105°C under nitrogen for 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 31 (yield, 70%) as a brown solid. (0145) A mixture of AlCl3 (12g, 90mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (60mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise acetyl chloride (3.2mL, 45mmol). Then the mixture was added compound 31 (3.27g, 30mmol) in four batches at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at ambient temperature for another 4h. The reaction was monitored by TLC. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with saturated NH4Cl (100mL) and was extracted with dichloromethane (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-20% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 32 (yield, 71%) as a white solid. (0146) A mixture of compound 32 (3.02g, 20mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added NBS (4.27g, 24mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 5h. Then the reaction was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed, eluting with a gradient of 5-20% EtOAc/petroleum ether to afford compound 33 (2.1g, yield, 46%) as a brown solid. (0147) A mixture of 34f, 34i - 34s, 34u - 35x (20mmol), pentane-2,4-dione (23.6mmol), NaOAc (120mmol) in EtOH (20mL) and H2O (20mL) was degassed under a stream of nitrogen. The resulting brown solution was heated at 85°C for about 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (150mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 3f, 3i - 3s, 3u - 3x (yield, 68-90%) as a brown solid. (0148) A mixture of 3f, 3i - 3s, 3u - 3x (10mmol) in anhydrous DMF (20mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise POCl3 (20mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for about 3h. Then the mixture was added dropwise 5M KOAc (50mmol) solution at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at 105°C under nitrogen for about 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 5f, 5i - 5s, 5u - 5x (yield, 51-78%) as a brown solid. (0149) A flask was charged with compound 33 (0.28g, 1.2mmol), 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridine (0.3g, 1.44mmol) or N,N-dimethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline (0.36g, 1.44mmol), PdCl2(dppf) (0.09g, 0.12mmol), K2CO3 (0.83g, 6mmol) and sparged with nitrogen. Degassed dioxane (9mL) and water (3mL) was added and the mixture was heated at 100°C for 4h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution, 10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 5h and 5t (yield, 77%, 77%) as a brown solid. (0150) A mixture of 5b - 5x (1.2mmol), Na2S2O5 (0.023g, 0.12mmol), 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (0.25g, 1.2mmol) or 4-morpholinobenzene-1,2-diamine (0.23g, 1.2mmol) in DMF (10mL) was degassed under a stream of nitrogen. The resulting brown solution was heated at 140°C overnight. The cooled reaction was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution, 2-5% MeOH/dichloromethane) to afford 35b - 35x (yield, 57-71%) as a white solid. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
66% | Stage #1: 1-(4-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)ethan-1-one With trichlorophosphate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0 - 20℃; for 3h; Stage #2: potassium formate In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 105℃; Inert atmosphere; | 5.11.8 General procedure H for the synthesis of compounds 35b-35x General procedure: A mixture of 30 (4.06g, 50mmol) in anhydrous DMF (60mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise POCl3 (9.32mL, 100mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3h. Then the mixture was added dropwise 5M KOAc (24.54g, 250mmol) solution at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at 105°C under nitrogen for 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 31 (yield, 70%) as a brown solid. (0145) A mixture of AlCl3 (12g, 90mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (60mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise acetyl chloride (3.2mL, 45mmol). Then the mixture was added compound 31 (3.27g, 30mmol) in four batches at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at ambient temperature for another 4h. The reaction was monitored by TLC. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with saturated NH4Cl (100mL) and was extracted with dichloromethane (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-20% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 32 (yield, 71%) as a white solid. (0146) A mixture of compound 32 (3.02g, 20mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added NBS (4.27g, 24mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 5h. Then the reaction was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed, eluting with a gradient of 5-20% EtOAc/petroleum ether to afford compound 33 (2.1g, yield, 46%) as a brown solid. (0147) A mixture of 34f, 34i - 34s, 34u - 35x (20mmol), pentane-2,4-dione (23.6mmol), NaOAc (120mmol) in EtOH (20mL) and H2O (20mL) was degassed under a stream of nitrogen. The resulting brown solution was heated at 85°C for about 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (150mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 3f, 3i - 3s, 3u - 3x (yield, 68-90%) as a brown solid. (0148) A mixture of 3f, 3i - 3s, 3u - 3x (10mmol) in anhydrous DMF (20mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise POCl3 (20mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for about 3h. Then the mixture was added dropwise 5M KOAc (50mmol) solution at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at 105°C under nitrogen for about 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 5f, 5i - 5s, 5u - 5x (yield, 51-78%) as a brown solid. (0149) A flask was charged with compound 33 (0.28g, 1.2mmol), 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridine (0.3g, 1.44mmol) or N,N-dimethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline (0.36g, 1.44mmol), PdCl2(dppf) (0.09g, 0.12mmol), K2CO3 (0.83g, 6mmol) and sparged with nitrogen. Degassed dioxane (9mL) and water (3mL) was added and the mixture was heated at 100°C for 4h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution, 10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 5h and 5t (yield, 77%, 77%) as a brown solid. (0150) A mixture of 5b - 5x (1.2mmol), Na2S2O5 (0.023g, 0.12mmol), 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (0.25g, 1.2mmol) or 4-morpholinobenzene-1,2-diamine (0.23g, 1.2mmol) in DMF (10mL) was degassed under a stream of nitrogen. The resulting brown solution was heated at 140°C overnight. The cooled reaction was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution, 2-5% MeOH/dichloromethane) to afford 35b - 35x (yield, 57-71%) as a white solid. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
63% | Stage #1: 1-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)ethan-1-one With trichlorophosphate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0 - 20℃; for 3h; Stage #2: potassium formate In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 105℃; Inert atmosphere; | 5.11.8 General procedure H for the synthesis of compounds 35b-35x General procedure: A mixture of 30 (4.06g, 50mmol) in anhydrous DMF (60mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise POCl3 (9.32mL, 100mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3h. Then the mixture was added dropwise 5M KOAc (24.54g, 250mmol) solution at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at 105°C under nitrogen for 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 31 (yield, 70%) as a brown solid. (0145) A mixture of AlCl3 (12g, 90mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (60mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise acetyl chloride (3.2mL, 45mmol). Then the mixture was added compound 31 (3.27g, 30mmol) in four batches at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at ambient temperature for another 4h. The reaction was monitored by TLC. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with saturated NH4Cl (100mL) and was extracted with dichloromethane (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-20% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 32 (yield, 71%) as a white solid. (0146) A mixture of compound 32 (3.02g, 20mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added NBS (4.27g, 24mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 5h. Then the reaction was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed, eluting with a gradient of 5-20% EtOAc/petroleum ether to afford compound 33 (2.1g, yield, 46%) as a brown solid. (0147) A mixture of 34f, 34i - 34s, 34u - 35x (20mmol), pentane-2,4-dione (23.6mmol), NaOAc (120mmol) in EtOH (20mL) and H2O (20mL) was degassed under a stream of nitrogen. The resulting brown solution was heated at 85°C for about 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (150mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 3f, 3i - 3s, 3u - 3x (yield, 68-90%) as a brown solid. (0148) A mixture of 3f, 3i - 3s, 3u - 3x (10mmol) in anhydrous DMF (20mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise POCl3 (20mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for about 3h. Then the mixture was added dropwise 5M KOAc (50mmol) solution at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at 105°C under nitrogen for about 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 5f, 5i - 5s, 5u - 5x (yield, 51-78%) as a brown solid. (0149) A flask was charged with compound 33 (0.28g, 1.2mmol), 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridine (0.3g, 1.44mmol) or N,N-dimethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline (0.36g, 1.44mmol), PdCl2(dppf) (0.09g, 0.12mmol), K2CO3 (0.83g, 6mmol) and sparged with nitrogen. Degassed dioxane (9mL) and water (3mL) was added and the mixture was heated at 100°C for 4h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution, 10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 5h and 5t (yield, 77%, 77%) as a brown solid. (0150) A mixture of 5b - 5x (1.2mmol), Na2S2O5 (0.023g, 0.12mmol), 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (0.25g, 1.2mmol) or 4-morpholinobenzene-1,2-diamine (0.23g, 1.2mmol) in DMF (10mL) was degassed under a stream of nitrogen. The resulting brown solution was heated at 140°C overnight. The cooled reaction was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution, 2-5% MeOH/dichloromethane) to afford 35b - 35x (yield, 57-71%) as a white solid. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
69% | Stage #1: 1-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)ethan-1-one With trichlorophosphate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0 - 20℃; for 3h; Stage #2: potassium formate In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 105℃; Inert atmosphere; | 5.11.8 General procedure H for the synthesis of compounds 35b-35x General procedure: A mixture of 30 (4.06g, 50mmol) in anhydrous DMF (60mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise POCl3 (9.32mL, 100mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3h. Then the mixture was added dropwise 5M KOAc (24.54g, 250mmol) solution at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at 105°C under nitrogen for 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 31 (yield, 70%) as a brown solid. (0145) A mixture of AlCl3 (12g, 90mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (60mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise acetyl chloride (3.2mL, 45mmol). Then the mixture was added compound 31 (3.27g, 30mmol) in four batches at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at ambient temperature for another 4h. The reaction was monitored by TLC. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with saturated NH4Cl (100mL) and was extracted with dichloromethane (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-20% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 32 (yield, 71%) as a white solid. (0146) A mixture of compound 32 (3.02g, 20mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added NBS (4.27g, 24mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 5h. Then the reaction was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed, eluting with a gradient of 5-20% EtOAc/petroleum ether to afford compound 33 (2.1g, yield, 46%) as a brown solid. (0147) A mixture of 34f, 34i - 34s, 34u - 35x (20mmol), pentane-2,4-dione (23.6mmol), NaOAc (120mmol) in EtOH (20mL) and H2O (20mL) was degassed under a stream of nitrogen. The resulting brown solution was heated at 85°C for about 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (150mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 3f, 3i - 3s, 3u - 3x (yield, 68-90%) as a brown solid. (0148) A mixture of 3f, 3i - 3s, 3u - 3x (10mmol) in anhydrous DMF (20mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise POCl3 (20mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for about 3h. Then the mixture was added dropwise 5M KOAc (50mmol) solution at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at 105°C under nitrogen for about 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 5f, 5i - 5s, 5u - 5x (yield, 51-78%) as a brown solid. (0149) A flask was charged with compound 33 (0.28g, 1.2mmol), 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridine (0.3g, 1.44mmol) or N,N-dimethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline (0.36g, 1.44mmol), PdCl2(dppf) (0.09g, 0.12mmol), K2CO3 (0.83g, 6mmol) and sparged with nitrogen. Degassed dioxane (9mL) and water (3mL) was added and the mixture was heated at 100°C for 4h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution, 10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 5h and 5t (yield, 77%, 77%) as a brown solid. (0150) A mixture of 5b - 5x (1.2mmol), Na2S2O5 (0.023g, 0.12mmol), 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (0.25g, 1.2mmol) or 4-morpholinobenzene-1,2-diamine (0.23g, 1.2mmol) in DMF (10mL) was degassed under a stream of nitrogen. The resulting brown solution was heated at 140°C overnight. The cooled reaction was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution, 2-5% MeOH/dichloromethane) to afford 35b - 35x (yield, 57-71%) as a white solid. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
67% | Stage #1: 1-(4-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)ethan-1-one With trichlorophosphate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0 - 20℃; for 3h; Stage #2: potassium formate In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 105℃; Inert atmosphere; | 5.11.8 General procedure H for the synthesis of compounds 35b-35x General procedure: A mixture of 30 (4.06g, 50mmol) in anhydrous DMF (60mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise POCl3 (9.32mL, 100mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3h. Then the mixture was added dropwise 5M KOAc (24.54g, 250mmol) solution at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at 105°C under nitrogen for 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 31 (yield, 70%) as a brown solid. (0145) A mixture of AlCl3 (12g, 90mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (60mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise acetyl chloride (3.2mL, 45mmol). Then the mixture was added compound 31 (3.27g, 30mmol) in four batches at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at ambient temperature for another 4h. The reaction was monitored by TLC. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with saturated NH4Cl (100mL) and was extracted with dichloromethane (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-20% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 32 (yield, 71%) as a white solid. (0146) A mixture of compound 32 (3.02g, 20mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added NBS (4.27g, 24mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 5h. Then the reaction was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed, eluting with a gradient of 5-20% EtOAc/petroleum ether to afford compound 33 (2.1g, yield, 46%) as a brown solid. (0147) A mixture of 34f, 34i - 34s, 34u - 35x (20mmol), pentane-2,4-dione (23.6mmol), NaOAc (120mmol) in EtOH (20mL) and H2O (20mL) was degassed under a stream of nitrogen. The resulting brown solution was heated at 85°C for about 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (150mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 3f, 3i - 3s, 3u - 3x (yield, 68-90%) as a brown solid. (0148) A mixture of 3f, 3i - 3s, 3u - 3x (10mmol) in anhydrous DMF (20mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise POCl3 (20mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for about 3h. Then the mixture was added dropwise 5M KOAc (50mmol) solution at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at 105°C under nitrogen for about 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 5f, 5i - 5s, 5u - 5x (yield, 51-78%) as a brown solid. (0149) A flask was charged with compound 33 (0.28g, 1.2mmol), 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridine (0.3g, 1.44mmol) or N,N-dimethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline (0.36g, 1.44mmol), PdCl2(dppf) (0.09g, 0.12mmol), K2CO3 (0.83g, 6mmol) and sparged with nitrogen. Degassed dioxane (9mL) and water (3mL) was added and the mixture was heated at 100°C for 4h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution, 10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 5h and 5t (yield, 77%, 77%) as a brown solid. (0150) A mixture of 5b - 5x (1.2mmol), Na2S2O5 (0.023g, 0.12mmol), 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (0.25g, 1.2mmol) or 4-morpholinobenzene-1,2-diamine (0.23g, 1.2mmol) in DMF (10mL) was degassed under a stream of nitrogen. The resulting brown solution was heated at 140°C overnight. The cooled reaction was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution, 2-5% MeOH/dichloromethane) to afford 35b - 35x (yield, 57-71%) as a white solid. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
55% | Stage #1: 1-(4-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)ethan-1-one With trichlorophosphate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0 - 20℃; for 3h; Stage #2: potassium formate In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 105℃; Inert atmosphere; | 5.11.8 General procedure H for the synthesis of compounds 35b-35x General procedure: A mixture of 30 (4.06g, 50mmol) in anhydrous DMF (60mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise POCl3 (9.32mL, 100mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3h. Then the mixture was added dropwise 5M KOAc (24.54g, 250mmol) solution at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at 105°C under nitrogen for 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 31 (yield, 70%) as a brown solid. (0145) A mixture of AlCl3 (12g, 90mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (60mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise acetyl chloride (3.2mL, 45mmol). Then the mixture was added compound 31 (3.27g, 30mmol) in four batches at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at ambient temperature for another 4h. The reaction was monitored by TLC. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with saturated NH4Cl (100mL) and was extracted with dichloromethane (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-20% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 32 (yield, 71%) as a white solid. (0146) A mixture of compound 32 (3.02g, 20mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added NBS (4.27g, 24mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 5h. Then the reaction was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed, eluting with a gradient of 5-20% EtOAc/petroleum ether to afford compound 33 (2.1g, yield, 46%) as a brown solid. (0147) A mixture of 34f, 34i - 34s, 34u - 35x (20mmol), pentane-2,4-dione (23.6mmol), NaOAc (120mmol) in EtOH (20mL) and H2O (20mL) was degassed under a stream of nitrogen. The resulting brown solution was heated at 85°C for about 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (150mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 3f, 3i - 3s, 3u - 3x (yield, 68-90%) as a brown solid. (0148) A mixture of 3f, 3i - 3s, 3u - 3x (10mmol) in anhydrous DMF (20mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise POCl3 (20mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for about 3h. Then the mixture was added dropwise 5M KOAc (50mmol) solution at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at 105°C under nitrogen for about 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 5f, 5i - 5s, 5u - 5x (yield, 51-78%) as a brown solid. (0149) A flask was charged with compound 33 (0.28g, 1.2mmol), 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridine (0.3g, 1.44mmol) or N,N-dimethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline (0.36g, 1.44mmol), PdCl2(dppf) (0.09g, 0.12mmol), K2CO3 (0.83g, 6mmol) and sparged with nitrogen. Degassed dioxane (9mL) and water (3mL) was added and the mixture was heated at 100°C for 4h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution, 10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 5h and 5t (yield, 77%, 77%) as a brown solid. (0150) A mixture of 5b - 5x (1.2mmol), Na2S2O5 (0.023g, 0.12mmol), 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (0.25g, 1.2mmol) or 4-morpholinobenzene-1,2-diamine (0.23g, 1.2mmol) in DMF (10mL) was degassed under a stream of nitrogen. The resulting brown solution was heated at 140°C overnight. The cooled reaction was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution, 2-5% MeOH/dichloromethane) to afford 35b - 35x (yield, 57-71%) as a white solid. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
72% | Stage #1: 1-(2-methyl-4-(p-tolyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)ethan-1-one With trichlorophosphate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0 - 20℃; for 3h; Stage #2: potassium formate In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 105℃; Inert atmosphere; | 5.11.8 General procedure H for the synthesis of compounds 35b-35x General procedure: A mixture of 30 (4.06g, 50mmol) in anhydrous DMF (60mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise POCl3 (9.32mL, 100mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3h. Then the mixture was added dropwise 5M KOAc (24.54g, 250mmol) solution at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at 105°C under nitrogen for 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 31 (yield, 70%) as a brown solid. (0145) A mixture of AlCl3 (12g, 90mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (60mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise acetyl chloride (3.2mL, 45mmol). Then the mixture was added compound 31 (3.27g, 30mmol) in four batches at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at ambient temperature for another 4h. The reaction was monitored by TLC. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with saturated NH4Cl (100mL) and was extracted with dichloromethane (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-20% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 32 (yield, 71%) as a white solid. (0146) A mixture of compound 32 (3.02g, 20mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added NBS (4.27g, 24mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 5h. Then the reaction was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed, eluting with a gradient of 5-20% EtOAc/petroleum ether to afford compound 33 (2.1g, yield, 46%) as a brown solid. (0147) A mixture of 34f, 34i - 34s, 34u - 35x (20mmol), pentane-2,4-dione (23.6mmol), NaOAc (120mmol) in EtOH (20mL) and H2O (20mL) was degassed under a stream of nitrogen. The resulting brown solution was heated at 85°C for about 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (150mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 3f, 3i - 3s, 3u - 3x (yield, 68-90%) as a brown solid. (0148) A mixture of 3f, 3i - 3s, 3u - 3x (10mmol) in anhydrous DMF (20mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise POCl3 (20mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for about 3h. Then the mixture was added dropwise 5M KOAc (50mmol) solution at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at 105°C under nitrogen for about 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 5f, 5i - 5s, 5u - 5x (yield, 51-78%) as a brown solid. (0149) A flask was charged with compound 33 (0.28g, 1.2mmol), 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridine (0.3g, 1.44mmol) or N,N-dimethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline (0.36g, 1.44mmol), PdCl2(dppf) (0.09g, 0.12mmol), K2CO3 (0.83g, 6mmol) and sparged with nitrogen. Degassed dioxane (9mL) and water (3mL) was added and the mixture was heated at 100°C for 4h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution, 10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 5h and 5t (yield, 77%, 77%) as a brown solid. (0150) A mixture of 5b - 5x (1.2mmol), Na2S2O5 (0.023g, 0.12mmol), 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (0.25g, 1.2mmol) or 4-morpholinobenzene-1,2-diamine (0.23g, 1.2mmol) in DMF (10mL) was degassed under a stream of nitrogen. The resulting brown solution was heated at 140°C overnight. The cooled reaction was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution, 2-5% MeOH/dichloromethane) to afford 35b - 35x (yield, 57-71%) as a white solid. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
67% | Stage #1: 1-(2-methyl-4-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)ethan-1-one With trichlorophosphate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0 - 20℃; for 3h; Stage #2: potassium formate In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 105℃; Inert atmosphere; | 5.11.8 General procedure H for the synthesis of compounds 35b-35x General procedure: A mixture of 30 (4.06g, 50mmol) in anhydrous DMF (60mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise POCl3 (9.32mL, 100mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3h. Then the mixture was added dropwise 5M KOAc (24.54g, 250mmol) solution at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at 105°C under nitrogen for 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 31 (yield, 70%) as a brown solid. (0145) A mixture of AlCl3 (12g, 90mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (60mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise acetyl chloride (3.2mL, 45mmol). Then the mixture was added compound 31 (3.27g, 30mmol) in four batches at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at ambient temperature for another 4h. The reaction was monitored by TLC. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with saturated NH4Cl (100mL) and was extracted with dichloromethane (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-20% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 32 (yield, 71%) as a white solid. (0146) A mixture of compound 32 (3.02g, 20mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added NBS (4.27g, 24mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 5h. Then the reaction was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed, eluting with a gradient of 5-20% EtOAc/petroleum ether to afford compound 33 (2.1g, yield, 46%) as a brown solid. (0147) A mixture of 34f, 34i - 34s, 34u - 35x (20mmol), pentane-2,4-dione (23.6mmol), NaOAc (120mmol) in EtOH (20mL) and H2O (20mL) was degassed under a stream of nitrogen. The resulting brown solution was heated at 85°C for about 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (150mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 3f, 3i - 3s, 3u - 3x (yield, 68-90%) as a brown solid. (0148) A mixture of 3f, 3i - 3s, 3u - 3x (10mmol) in anhydrous DMF (20mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise POCl3 (20mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for about 3h. Then the mixture was added dropwise 5M KOAc (50mmol) solution at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at 105°C under nitrogen for about 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 5f, 5i - 5s, 5u - 5x (yield, 51-78%) as a brown solid. (0149) A flask was charged with compound 33 (0.28g, 1.2mmol), 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridine (0.3g, 1.44mmol) or N,N-dimethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline (0.36g, 1.44mmol), PdCl2(dppf) (0.09g, 0.12mmol), K2CO3 (0.83g, 6mmol) and sparged with nitrogen. Degassed dioxane (9mL) and water (3mL) was added and the mixture was heated at 100°C for 4h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution, 10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 5h and 5t (yield, 77%, 77%) as a brown solid. (0150) A mixture of 5b - 5x (1.2mmol), Na2S2O5 (0.023g, 0.12mmol), 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (0.25g, 1.2mmol) or 4-morpholinobenzene-1,2-diamine (0.23g, 1.2mmol) in DMF (10mL) was degassed under a stream of nitrogen. The resulting brown solution was heated at 140°C overnight. The cooled reaction was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution, 2-5% MeOH/dichloromethane) to afford 35b - 35x (yield, 57-71%) as a white solid. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
70% | Stage #1: 1-(4-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)ethan-1-one With trichlorophosphate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0 - 20℃; for 3h; Stage #2: potassium formate In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 105℃; Inert atmosphere; | 5.11.8 General procedure H for the synthesis of compounds 35b-35x General procedure: A mixture of 30 (4.06g, 50mmol) in anhydrous DMF (60mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise POCl3 (9.32mL, 100mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3h. Then the mixture was added dropwise 5M KOAc (24.54g, 250mmol) solution at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at 105°C under nitrogen for 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 31 (yield, 70%) as a brown solid. (0145) A mixture of AlCl3 (12g, 90mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (60mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise acetyl chloride (3.2mL, 45mmol). Then the mixture was added compound 31 (3.27g, 30mmol) in four batches at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at ambient temperature for another 4h. The reaction was monitored by TLC. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with saturated NH4Cl (100mL) and was extracted with dichloromethane (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-20% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 32 (yield, 71%) as a white solid. (0146) A mixture of compound 32 (3.02g, 20mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added NBS (4.27g, 24mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 5h. Then the reaction was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed, eluting with a gradient of 5-20% EtOAc/petroleum ether to afford compound 33 (2.1g, yield, 46%) as a brown solid. (0147) A mixture of 34f, 34i - 34s, 34u - 35x (20mmol), pentane-2,4-dione (23.6mmol), NaOAc (120mmol) in EtOH (20mL) and H2O (20mL) was degassed under a stream of nitrogen. The resulting brown solution was heated at 85°C for about 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (150mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 3f, 3i - 3s, 3u - 3x (yield, 68-90%) as a brown solid. (0148) A mixture of 3f, 3i - 3s, 3u - 3x (10mmol) in anhydrous DMF (20mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise POCl3 (20mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for about 3h. Then the mixture was added dropwise 5M KOAc (50mmol) solution at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at 105°C under nitrogen for about 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 5f, 5i - 5s, 5u - 5x (yield, 51-78%) as a brown solid. (0149) A flask was charged with compound 33 (0.28g, 1.2mmol), 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridine (0.3g, 1.44mmol) or N,N-dimethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline (0.36g, 1.44mmol), PdCl2(dppf) (0.09g, 0.12mmol), K2CO3 (0.83g, 6mmol) and sparged with nitrogen. Degassed dioxane (9mL) and water (3mL) was added and the mixture was heated at 100°C for 4h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution, 10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 5h and 5t (yield, 77%, 77%) as a brown solid. (0150) A mixture of 5b - 5x (1.2mmol), Na2S2O5 (0.023g, 0.12mmol), 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (0.25g, 1.2mmol) or 4-morpholinobenzene-1,2-diamine (0.23g, 1.2mmol) in DMF (10mL) was degassed under a stream of nitrogen. The resulting brown solution was heated at 140°C overnight. The cooled reaction was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution, 2-5% MeOH/dichloromethane) to afford 35b - 35x (yield, 57-71%) as a white solid. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
73% | Stage #1: 1-(4-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)ethan-1-one With trichlorophosphate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0 - 20℃; for 3h; Stage #2: potassium formate In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 105℃; Inert atmosphere; | 5.11.8 General procedure H for the synthesis of compounds 35b-35x General procedure: A mixture of 30 (4.06g, 50mmol) in anhydrous DMF (60mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise POCl3 (9.32mL, 100mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3h. Then the mixture was added dropwise 5M KOAc (24.54g, 250mmol) solution at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at 105°C under nitrogen for 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 31 (yield, 70%) as a brown solid. (0145) A mixture of AlCl3 (12g, 90mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (60mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise acetyl chloride (3.2mL, 45mmol). Then the mixture was added compound 31 (3.27g, 30mmol) in four batches at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at ambient temperature for another 4h. The reaction was monitored by TLC. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with saturated NH4Cl (100mL) and was extracted with dichloromethane (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-20% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 32 (yield, 71%) as a white solid. (0146) A mixture of compound 32 (3.02g, 20mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added NBS (4.27g, 24mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 5h. Then the reaction was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed, eluting with a gradient of 5-20% EtOAc/petroleum ether to afford compound 33 (2.1g, yield, 46%) as a brown solid. (0147) A mixture of 34f, 34i - 34s, 34u - 35x (20mmol), pentane-2,4-dione (23.6mmol), NaOAc (120mmol) in EtOH (20mL) and H2O (20mL) was degassed under a stream of nitrogen. The resulting brown solution was heated at 85°C for about 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (150mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 3f, 3i - 3s, 3u - 3x (yield, 68-90%) as a brown solid. (0148) A mixture of 3f, 3i - 3s, 3u - 3x (10mmol) in anhydrous DMF (20mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise POCl3 (20mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for about 3h. Then the mixture was added dropwise 5M KOAc (50mmol) solution at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at 105°C under nitrogen for about 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 5f, 5i - 5s, 5u - 5x (yield, 51-78%) as a brown solid. (0149) A flask was charged with compound 33 (0.28g, 1.2mmol), 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridine (0.3g, 1.44mmol) or N,N-dimethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline (0.36g, 1.44mmol), PdCl2(dppf) (0.09g, 0.12mmol), K2CO3 (0.83g, 6mmol) and sparged with nitrogen. Degassed dioxane (9mL) and water (3mL) was added and the mixture was heated at 100°C for 4h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution, 10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 5h and 5t (yield, 77%, 77%) as a brown solid. (0150) A mixture of 5b - 5x (1.2mmol), Na2S2O5 (0.023g, 0.12mmol), 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (0.25g, 1.2mmol) or 4-morpholinobenzene-1,2-diamine (0.23g, 1.2mmol) in DMF (10mL) was degassed under a stream of nitrogen. The resulting brown solution was heated at 140°C overnight. The cooled reaction was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution, 2-5% MeOH/dichloromethane) to afford 35b - 35x (yield, 57-71%) as a white solid. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
73% | Stage #1: 1-(4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)ethan-1-one With trichlorophosphate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0 - 20℃; for 3h; Stage #2: potassium formate In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 105℃; Inert atmosphere; | 5.11.8 General procedure H for the synthesis of compounds 35b-35x General procedure: A mixture of 30 (4.06g, 50mmol) in anhydrous DMF (60mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise POCl3 (9.32mL, 100mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3h. Then the mixture was added dropwise 5M KOAc (24.54g, 250mmol) solution at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at 105°C under nitrogen for 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 31 (yield, 70%) as a brown solid. (0145) A mixture of AlCl3 (12g, 90mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (60mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise acetyl chloride (3.2mL, 45mmol). Then the mixture was added compound 31 (3.27g, 30mmol) in four batches at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at ambient temperature for another 4h. The reaction was monitored by TLC. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with saturated NH4Cl (100mL) and was extracted with dichloromethane (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-20% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 32 (yield, 71%) as a white solid. (0146) A mixture of compound 32 (3.02g, 20mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added NBS (4.27g, 24mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 5h. Then the reaction was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed, eluting with a gradient of 5-20% EtOAc/petroleum ether to afford compound 33 (2.1g, yield, 46%) as a brown solid. (0147) A mixture of 34f, 34i - 34s, 34u - 35x (20mmol), pentane-2,4-dione (23.6mmol), NaOAc (120mmol) in EtOH (20mL) and H2O (20mL) was degassed under a stream of nitrogen. The resulting brown solution was heated at 85°C for about 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (150mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 3f, 3i - 3s, 3u - 3x (yield, 68-90%) as a brown solid. (0148) A mixture of 3f, 3i - 3s, 3u - 3x (10mmol) in anhydrous DMF (20mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise POCl3 (20mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for about 3h. Then the mixture was added dropwise 5M KOAc (50mmol) solution at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at 105°C under nitrogen for about 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 5f, 5i - 5s, 5u - 5x (yield, 51-78%) as a brown solid. (0149) A flask was charged with compound 33 (0.28g, 1.2mmol), 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridine (0.3g, 1.44mmol) or N,N-dimethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline (0.36g, 1.44mmol), PdCl2(dppf) (0.09g, 0.12mmol), K2CO3 (0.83g, 6mmol) and sparged with nitrogen. Degassed dioxane (9mL) and water (3mL) was added and the mixture was heated at 100°C for 4h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution, 10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 5h and 5t (yield, 77%, 77%) as a brown solid. (0150) A mixture of 5b - 5x (1.2mmol), Na2S2O5 (0.023g, 0.12mmol), 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (0.25g, 1.2mmol) or 4-morpholinobenzene-1,2-diamine (0.23g, 1.2mmol) in DMF (10mL) was degassed under a stream of nitrogen. The resulting brown solution was heated at 140°C overnight. The cooled reaction was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution, 2-5% MeOH/dichloromethane) to afford 35b - 35x (yield, 57-71%) as a white solid. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
76% | Stage #1: 1-(4-(benzo[d] [1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-2-methyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)ethan-1-one With trichlorophosphate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0 - 20℃; for 3h; Stage #2: potassium formate In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 105℃; Inert atmosphere; | 5.11.8 General procedure H for the synthesis of compounds 35b-35x General procedure: A mixture of 30 (4.06g, 50mmol) in anhydrous DMF (60mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise POCl3 (9.32mL, 100mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3h. Then the mixture was added dropwise 5M KOAc (24.54g, 250mmol) solution at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at 105°C under nitrogen for 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 31 (yield, 70%) as a brown solid. (0145) A mixture of AlCl3 (12g, 90mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (60mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise acetyl chloride (3.2mL, 45mmol). Then the mixture was added compound 31 (3.27g, 30mmol) in four batches at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at ambient temperature for another 4h. The reaction was monitored by TLC. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with saturated NH4Cl (100mL) and was extracted with dichloromethane (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-20% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 32 (yield, 71%) as a white solid. (0146) A mixture of compound 32 (3.02g, 20mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added NBS (4.27g, 24mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 5h. Then the reaction was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed, eluting with a gradient of 5-20% EtOAc/petroleum ether to afford compound 33 (2.1g, yield, 46%) as a brown solid. (0147) A mixture of 34f, 34i - 34s, 34u - 35x (20mmol), pentane-2,4-dione (23.6mmol), NaOAc (120mmol) in EtOH (20mL) and H2O (20mL) was degassed under a stream of nitrogen. The resulting brown solution was heated at 85°C for about 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (150mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 3f, 3i - 3s, 3u - 3x (yield, 68-90%) as a brown solid. (0148) A mixture of 3f, 3i - 3s, 3u - 3x (10mmol) in anhydrous DMF (20mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise POCl3 (20mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for about 3h. Then the mixture was added dropwise 5M KOAc (50mmol) solution at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at 105°C under nitrogen for about 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 5f, 5i - 5s, 5u - 5x (yield, 51-78%) as a brown solid. (0149) A flask was charged with compound 33 (0.28g, 1.2mmol), 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridine (0.3g, 1.44mmol) or N,N-dimethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline (0.36g, 1.44mmol), PdCl2(dppf) (0.09g, 0.12mmol), K2CO3 (0.83g, 6mmol) and sparged with nitrogen. Degassed dioxane (9mL) and water (3mL) was added and the mixture was heated at 100°C for 4h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution, 10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 5h and 5t (yield, 77%, 77%) as a brown solid. (0150) A mixture of 5b - 5x (1.2mmol), Na2S2O5 (0.023g, 0.12mmol), 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (0.25g, 1.2mmol) or 4-morpholinobenzene-1,2-diamine (0.23g, 1.2mmol) in DMF (10mL) was degassed under a stream of nitrogen. The resulting brown solution was heated at 140°C overnight. The cooled reaction was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution, 2-5% MeOH/dichloromethane) to afford 35b - 35x (yield, 57-71%) as a white solid. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
75% | Stage #1: 1-(4-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b] [1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-2-methyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)ethan-1-one With trichlorophosphate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0 - 20℃; for 3h; Stage #2: potassium formate In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 105℃; Inert atmosphere; | 5.11.8 General procedure H for the synthesis of compounds 35b-35x General procedure: A mixture of 30 (4.06g, 50mmol) in anhydrous DMF (60mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise POCl3 (9.32mL, 100mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3h. Then the mixture was added dropwise 5M KOAc (24.54g, 250mmol) solution at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at 105°C under nitrogen for 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 31 (yield, 70%) as a brown solid. (0145) A mixture of AlCl3 (12g, 90mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (60mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise acetyl chloride (3.2mL, 45mmol). Then the mixture was added compound 31 (3.27g, 30mmol) in four batches at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at ambient temperature for another 4h. The reaction was monitored by TLC. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with saturated NH4Cl (100mL) and was extracted with dichloromethane (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-20% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 32 (yield, 71%) as a white solid. (0146) A mixture of compound 32 (3.02g, 20mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added NBS (4.27g, 24mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 5h. Then the reaction was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed, eluting with a gradient of 5-20% EtOAc/petroleum ether to afford compound 33 (2.1g, yield, 46%) as a brown solid. (0147) A mixture of 34f, 34i - 34s, 34u - 35x (20mmol), pentane-2,4-dione (23.6mmol), NaOAc (120mmol) in EtOH (20mL) and H2O (20mL) was degassed under a stream of nitrogen. The resulting brown solution was heated at 85°C for about 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (150mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 3f, 3i - 3s, 3u - 3x (yield, 68-90%) as a brown solid. (0148) A mixture of 3f, 3i - 3s, 3u - 3x (10mmol) in anhydrous DMF (20mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise POCl3 (20mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for about 3h. Then the mixture was added dropwise 5M KOAc (50mmol) solution at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at 105°C under nitrogen for about 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 5f, 5i - 5s, 5u - 5x (yield, 51-78%) as a brown solid. (0149) A flask was charged with compound 33 (0.28g, 1.2mmol), 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridine (0.3g, 1.44mmol) or N,N-dimethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline (0.36g, 1.44mmol), PdCl2(dppf) (0.09g, 0.12mmol), K2CO3 (0.83g, 6mmol) and sparged with nitrogen. Degassed dioxane (9mL) and water (3mL) was added and the mixture was heated at 100°C for 4h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution, 10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 5h and 5t (yield, 77%, 77%) as a brown solid. (0150) A mixture of 5b - 5x (1.2mmol), Na2S2O5 (0.023g, 0.12mmol), 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (0.25g, 1.2mmol) or 4-morpholinobenzene-1,2-diamine (0.23g, 1.2mmol) in DMF (10mL) was degassed under a stream of nitrogen. The resulting brown solution was heated at 140°C overnight. The cooled reaction was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution, 2-5% MeOH/dichloromethane) to afford 35b - 35x (yield, 57-71%) as a white solid. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
78% | Stage #1: 1-(2-methyl-4-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)ethan-1-one With trichlorophosphate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0 - 20℃; for 3h; Stage #2: potassium formate In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 105℃; Inert atmosphere; | 5.11.8 General procedure H for the synthesis of compounds 35b-35x General procedure: A mixture of 30 (4.06g, 50mmol) in anhydrous DMF (60mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise POCl3 (9.32mL, 100mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3h. Then the mixture was added dropwise 5M KOAc (24.54g, 250mmol) solution at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at 105°C under nitrogen for 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 31 (yield, 70%) as a brown solid. (0145) A mixture of AlCl3 (12g, 90mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (60mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise acetyl chloride (3.2mL, 45mmol). Then the mixture was added compound 31 (3.27g, 30mmol) in four batches at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at ambient temperature for another 4h. The reaction was monitored by TLC. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with saturated NH4Cl (100mL) and was extracted with dichloromethane (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-20% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 32 (yield, 71%) as a white solid. (0146) A mixture of compound 32 (3.02g, 20mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added NBS (4.27g, 24mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 5h. Then the reaction was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed, eluting with a gradient of 5-20% EtOAc/petroleum ether to afford compound 33 (2.1g, yield, 46%) as a brown solid. (0147) A mixture of 34f, 34i - 34s, 34u - 35x (20mmol), pentane-2,4-dione (23.6mmol), NaOAc (120mmol) in EtOH (20mL) and H2O (20mL) was degassed under a stream of nitrogen. The resulting brown solution was heated at 85°C for about 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (150mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 3f, 3i - 3s, 3u - 3x (yield, 68-90%) as a brown solid. (0148) A mixture of 3f, 3i - 3s, 3u - 3x (10mmol) in anhydrous DMF (20mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise POCl3 (20mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for about 3h. Then the mixture was added dropwise 5M KOAc (50mmol) solution at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at 105°C under nitrogen for about 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 5f, 5i - 5s, 5u - 5x (yield, 51-78%) as a brown solid. (0149) A flask was charged with compound 33 (0.28g, 1.2mmol), 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridine (0.3g, 1.44mmol) or N,N-dimethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline (0.36g, 1.44mmol), PdCl2(dppf) (0.09g, 0.12mmol), K2CO3 (0.83g, 6mmol) and sparged with nitrogen. Degassed dioxane (9mL) and water (3mL) was added and the mixture was heated at 100°C for 4h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution, 10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 5h and 5t (yield, 77%, 77%) as a brown solid. (0150) A mixture of 5b - 5x (1.2mmol), Na2S2O5 (0.023g, 0.12mmol), 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (0.25g, 1.2mmol) or 4-morpholinobenzene-1,2-diamine (0.23g, 1.2mmol) in DMF (10mL) was degassed under a stream of nitrogen. The resulting brown solution was heated at 140°C overnight. The cooled reaction was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution, 2-5% MeOH/dichloromethane) to afford 35b - 35x (yield, 57-71%) as a white solid. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
51% | Stage #1: 1-(2-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)ethan-1-one With trichlorophosphate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0 - 20℃; for 3h; Stage #2: potassium formate In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 105℃; Inert atmosphere; | 5.11.8 General procedure H for the synthesis of compounds 35b-35x General procedure: A mixture of 30 (4.06g, 50mmol) in anhydrous DMF (60mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise POCl3 (9.32mL, 100mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3h. Then the mixture was added dropwise 5M KOAc (24.54g, 250mmol) solution at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at 105°C under nitrogen for 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 31 (yield, 70%) as a brown solid. (0145) A mixture of AlCl3 (12g, 90mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (60mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise acetyl chloride (3.2mL, 45mmol). Then the mixture was added compound 31 (3.27g, 30mmol) in four batches at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at ambient temperature for another 4h. The reaction was monitored by TLC. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with saturated NH4Cl (100mL) and was extracted with dichloromethane (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-20% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 32 (yield, 71%) as a white solid. (0146) A mixture of compound 32 (3.02g, 20mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added NBS (4.27g, 24mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 5h. Then the reaction was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed, eluting with a gradient of 5-20% EtOAc/petroleum ether to afford compound 33 (2.1g, yield, 46%) as a brown solid. (0147) A mixture of 34f, 34i - 34s, 34u - 35x (20mmol), pentane-2,4-dione (23.6mmol), NaOAc (120mmol) in EtOH (20mL) and H2O (20mL) was degassed under a stream of nitrogen. The resulting brown solution was heated at 85°C for about 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (150mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 3f, 3i - 3s, 3u - 3x (yield, 68-90%) as a brown solid. (0148) A mixture of 3f, 3i - 3s, 3u - 3x (10mmol) in anhydrous DMF (20mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise POCl3 (20mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for about 3h. Then the mixture was added dropwise 5M KOAc (50mmol) solution at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at 105°C under nitrogen for about 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 5f, 5i - 5s, 5u - 5x (yield, 51-78%) as a brown solid. (0149) A flask was charged with compound 33 (0.28g, 1.2mmol), 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridine (0.3g, 1.44mmol) or N,N-dimethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline (0.36g, 1.44mmol), PdCl2(dppf) (0.09g, 0.12mmol), K2CO3 (0.83g, 6mmol) and sparged with nitrogen. Degassed dioxane (9mL) and water (3mL) was added and the mixture was heated at 100°C for 4h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution, 10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 5h and 5t (yield, 77%, 77%) as a brown solid. (0150) A mixture of 5b - 5x (1.2mmol), Na2S2O5 (0.023g, 0.12mmol), 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (0.25g, 1.2mmol) or 4-morpholinobenzene-1,2-diamine (0.23g, 1.2mmol) in DMF (10mL) was degassed under a stream of nitrogen. The resulting brown solution was heated at 140°C overnight. The cooled reaction was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution, 2-5% MeOH/dichloromethane) to afford 35b - 35x (yield, 57-71%) as a white solid. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
66% | Stage #1: 1-(2-methyl-4-(naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)ethan-1-one With trichlorophosphate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0 - 20℃; for 3h; Stage #2: potassium formate In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 105℃; Inert atmosphere; | 5.11.8 General procedure H for the synthesis of compounds 35b-35x General procedure: A mixture of 30 (4.06g, 50mmol) in anhydrous DMF (60mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise POCl3 (9.32mL, 100mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3h. Then the mixture was added dropwise 5M KOAc (24.54g, 250mmol) solution at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at 105°C under nitrogen for 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 31 (yield, 70%) as a brown solid. (0145) A mixture of AlCl3 (12g, 90mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (60mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise acetyl chloride (3.2mL, 45mmol). Then the mixture was added compound 31 (3.27g, 30mmol) in four batches at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at ambient temperature for another 4h. The reaction was monitored by TLC. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with saturated NH4Cl (100mL) and was extracted with dichloromethane (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-20% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 32 (yield, 71%) as a white solid. (0146) A mixture of compound 32 (3.02g, 20mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added NBS (4.27g, 24mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 5h. Then the reaction was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed, eluting with a gradient of 5-20% EtOAc/petroleum ether to afford compound 33 (2.1g, yield, 46%) as a brown solid. (0147) A mixture of 34f, 34i - 34s, 34u - 35x (20mmol), pentane-2,4-dione (23.6mmol), NaOAc (120mmol) in EtOH (20mL) and H2O (20mL) was degassed under a stream of nitrogen. The resulting brown solution was heated at 85°C for about 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (150mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 3f, 3i - 3s, 3u - 3x (yield, 68-90%) as a brown solid. (0148) A mixture of 3f, 3i - 3s, 3u - 3x (10mmol) in anhydrous DMF (20mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise POCl3 (20mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for about 3h. Then the mixture was added dropwise 5M KOAc (50mmol) solution at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at 105°C under nitrogen for about 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 5f, 5i - 5s, 5u - 5x (yield, 51-78%) as a brown solid. (0149) A flask was charged with compound 33 (0.28g, 1.2mmol), 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridine (0.3g, 1.44mmol) or N,N-dimethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline (0.36g, 1.44mmol), PdCl2(dppf) (0.09g, 0.12mmol), K2CO3 (0.83g, 6mmol) and sparged with nitrogen. Degassed dioxane (9mL) and water (3mL) was added and the mixture was heated at 100°C for 4h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution, 10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 5h and 5t (yield, 77%, 77%) as a brown solid. (0150) A mixture of 5b - 5x (1.2mmol), Na2S2O5 (0.023g, 0.12mmol), 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (0.25g, 1.2mmol) or 4-morpholinobenzene-1,2-diamine (0.23g, 1.2mmol) in DMF (10mL) was degassed under a stream of nitrogen. The resulting brown solution was heated at 140°C overnight. The cooled reaction was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution, 2-5% MeOH/dichloromethane) to afford 35b - 35x (yield, 57-71%) as a white solid. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
70% | Stage #1: 2-methyl-1H-pyrrole With trichlorophosphate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0 - 20℃; for 3h; Stage #2: potassium formate In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0 - 105℃; for 3h; Inert atmosphere; | 5.11.8 General procedure H for the synthesis of compounds 35b-35x General procedure: A mixture of 30 (4.06g, 50mmol) in anhydrous DMF (60mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise POCl3 (9.32mL, 100mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3h. Then the mixture was added dropwise 5M KOAc (24.54g, 250mmol) solution at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at 105°C under nitrogen for 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 31 (yield, 70%) as a brown solid. (0145) A mixture of AlCl3 (12g, 90mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (60mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise acetyl chloride (3.2mL, 45mmol). Then the mixture was added compound 31 (3.27g, 30mmol) in four batches at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at ambient temperature for another 4h. The reaction was monitored by TLC. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with saturated NH4Cl (100mL) and was extracted with dichloromethane (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-20% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 32 (yield, 71%) as a white solid. (0146) A mixture of compound 32 (3.02g, 20mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added NBS (4.27g, 24mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 5h. Then the reaction was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed, eluting with a gradient of 5-20% EtOAc/petroleum ether to afford compound 33 (2.1g, yield, 46%) as a brown solid. (0147) A mixture of 34f, 34i - 34s, 34u - 35x (20mmol), pentane-2,4-dione (23.6mmol), NaOAc (120mmol) in EtOH (20mL) and H2O (20mL) was degassed under a stream of nitrogen. The resulting brown solution was heated at 85°C for about 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (150mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 3f, 3i - 3s, 3u - 3x (yield, 68-90%) as a brown solid. (0148) A mixture of 3f, 3i - 3s, 3u - 3x (10mmol) in anhydrous DMF (20mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise POCl3 (20mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for about 3h. Then the mixture was added dropwise 5M KOAc (50mmol) solution at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at 105°C under nitrogen for about 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 5f, 5i - 5s, 5u - 5x (yield, 51-78%) as a brown solid. (0149) A flask was charged with compound 33 (0.28g, 1.2mmol), 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridine (0.3g, 1.44mmol) or N,N-dimethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline (0.36g, 1.44mmol), PdCl2(dppf) (0.09g, 0.12mmol), K2CO3 (0.83g, 6mmol) and sparged with nitrogen. Degassed dioxane (9mL) and water (3mL) was added and the mixture was heated at 100°C for 4h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution, 10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 5h and 5t (yield, 77%, 77%) as a brown solid. (0150) A mixture of 5b - 5x (1.2mmol), Na2S2O5 (0.023g, 0.12mmol), 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (0.25g, 1.2mmol) or 4-morpholinobenzene-1,2-diamine (0.23g, 1.2mmol) in DMF (10mL) was degassed under a stream of nitrogen. The resulting brown solution was heated at 140°C overnight. The cooled reaction was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution, 2-5% MeOH/dichloromethane) to afford 35b - 35x (yield, 57-71%) as a white solid. (0151) 5-Methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde (31). Compound 31 was prepared according to general procedure H on a 50mmol scale. Purification by column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) afforded the title compound (3.8g, 34.82mmol, 70% yield). [M+ H]+: 110.1. 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.87 (s, 1H), 9.30 (s, 1H), 7.01-6.72 (m, 1H), 6.10-5.91 (m, 1H), 2.24 (s, 3H). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Stage #1: 2,4-dimethyl-3-acetylpyrrole With trichlorophosphate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0 - 20℃; for 3h; Stage #2: potassium formate In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0 - 105℃; for 3h; Inert atmosphere; | General procedure A for the synthesis of compounds 6a - 6g General procedure: To a stirred ice-cooled solution of compound 1a - 1e (20mmol) in HOAc (40mL), the sodium nitrite (30mmol) in H2O (5mL) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. for about 3h, then Zn (40mmol) and pentane-2,4-dione (20mmol) was added at 0°C. And the reaction mixture was heated to 85°C for about 4h. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was chromatographed, eluting with a gradient of 2-10% EtOAc/petroleum ether to afford compound 2a - 2e (yield, 58-89%) as a clear oil. (0047) To a suspension of compound 2a - 2e (10mmol), KOH (50mmol) in ethylene glycol (20mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at 140°C for about 3h. After completion of reaction, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated under vacuum to give 3a - 3e (yield, 72-91%) without further purification. (0048) To a solution of 3a (2.0g, 14.6mmol) in THF (20mL) at - 78°C was added NBS (2.6g, 14.6mmol) in four batches. The reaction mixture was stirred at - 78°C for 1h. Then the reaction was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed, eluting with a gradient of 10-20% EtOAc/petroleum ether to afford compound 4 (1.8g, yield, 57%) as a yellow solid. (0049) A mixture of 3a - 3e (10mmol) in anhydrous DMF (20mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise POCl3 (20mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for about 3h. Then the mixture was added dropwise 5M KOAc (50mmol) solution at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at 105°C under nitrogen for about 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 5a - 5e (yield, 51-74%) as a brown solid. (0050) A flask was charged with compound 4 (0.22g, 1mmol), corresponding boric ester (1.2mmol), PdCl2(dppf) (0.1mmol), K2CO3 (5mmol) and sparged with nitrogen. Degassed dioxane (7mL) and water (2mL) was added and the mixture was heated at 100°C for 4h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (30-80% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 6a - 6e (yield, 49-68%) as a white solid. (0051) A mixture of 5a (0.2g, 1.2mmol), Na2S2O5 (0.023g, 0.12mmol), benzene-1,2-diamine (0.13g, 1.2mmol) or 2-aminobenzenethiol (0.15g, 1.2mmol) in DMF (10mL) was degassed under a stream of nitrogen. The resulting brown solution was heated at 140°C overnight. The cooled reaction was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution, 1-2% MeOH/dichloromethane) to afford 6f - 6g (yield, 59, 62%) as a white solid. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Stage #1: 1-(4-ethyl-2-methyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)ethan-1-one With trichlorophosphate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0 - 20℃; for 3h; Stage #2: potassium formate In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0 - 105℃; for 3h; Inert atmosphere; | General procedure A for the synthesis of compounds 6a - 6g General procedure: To a stirred ice-cooled solution of compound 1a - 1e (20mmol) in HOAc (40mL), the sodium nitrite (30mmol) in H2O (5mL) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. for about 3h, then Zn (40mmol) and pentane-2,4-dione (20mmol) was added at 0°C. And the reaction mixture was heated to 85°C for about 4h. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was chromatographed, eluting with a gradient of 2-10% EtOAc/petroleum ether to afford compound 2a - 2e (yield, 58-89%) as a clear oil. (0047) To a suspension of compound 2a - 2e (10mmol), KOH (50mmol) in ethylene glycol (20mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at 140°C for about 3h. After completion of reaction, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated under vacuum to give 3a - 3e (yield, 72-91%) without further purification. (0048) To a solution of 3a (2.0g, 14.6mmol) in THF (20mL) at - 78°C was added NBS (2.6g, 14.6mmol) in four batches. The reaction mixture was stirred at - 78°C for 1h. Then the reaction was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed, eluting with a gradient of 10-20% EtOAc/petroleum ether to afford compound 4 (1.8g, yield, 57%) as a yellow solid. (0049) A mixture of 3a - 3e (10mmol) in anhydrous DMF (20mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise POCl3 (20mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for about 3h. Then the mixture was added dropwise 5M KOAc (50mmol) solution at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at 105°C under nitrogen for about 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 5a - 5e (yield, 51-74%) as a brown solid. (0050) A flask was charged with compound 4 (0.22g, 1mmol), corresponding boric ester (1.2mmol), PdCl2(dppf) (0.1mmol), K2CO3 (5mmol) and sparged with nitrogen. Degassed dioxane (7mL) and water (2mL) was added and the mixture was heated at 100°C for 4h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (30-80% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 6a - 6e (yield, 49-68%) as a white solid. (0051) A mixture of 5a (0.2g, 1.2mmol), Na2S2O5 (0.023g, 0.12mmol), benzene-1,2-diamine (0.13g, 1.2mmol) or 2-aminobenzenethiol (0.15g, 1.2mmol) in DMF (10mL) was degassed under a stream of nitrogen. The resulting brown solution was heated at 140°C overnight. The cooled reaction was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution, 1-2% MeOH/dichloromethane) to afford 6f - 6g (yield, 59, 62%) as a white solid. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Stage #1: 1-(4-cyclopropyl-2-methyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)ethan-1-one With trichlorophosphate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0 - 20℃; for 3h; Stage #2: potassium formate In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0 - 105℃; for 3h; Inert atmosphere; | General procedure A for the synthesis of compounds 6a - 6g General procedure: To a stirred ice-cooled solution of compound 1a - 1e (20mmol) in HOAc (40mL), the sodium nitrite (30mmol) in H2O (5mL) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. for about 3h, then Zn (40mmol) and pentane-2,4-dione (20mmol) was added at 0°C. And the reaction mixture was heated to 85°C for about 4h. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was chromatographed, eluting with a gradient of 2-10% EtOAc/petroleum ether to afford compound 2a - 2e (yield, 58-89%) as a clear oil. (0047) To a suspension of compound 2a - 2e (10mmol), KOH (50mmol) in ethylene glycol (20mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at 140°C for about 3h. After completion of reaction, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated under vacuum to give 3a - 3e (yield, 72-91%) without further purification. (0048) To a solution of 3a (2.0g, 14.6mmol) in THF (20mL) at - 78°C was added NBS (2.6g, 14.6mmol) in four batches. The reaction mixture was stirred at - 78°C for 1h. Then the reaction was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed, eluting with a gradient of 10-20% EtOAc/petroleum ether to afford compound 4 (1.8g, yield, 57%) as a yellow solid. (0049) A mixture of 3a - 3e (10mmol) in anhydrous DMF (20mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise POCl3 (20mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for about 3h. Then the mixture was added dropwise 5M KOAc (50mmol) solution at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at 105°C under nitrogen for about 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 5a - 5e (yield, 51-74%) as a brown solid. (0050) A flask was charged with compound 4 (0.22g, 1mmol), corresponding boric ester (1.2mmol), PdCl2(dppf) (0.1mmol), K2CO3 (5mmol) and sparged with nitrogen. Degassed dioxane (7mL) and water (2mL) was added and the mixture was heated at 100°C for 4h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (30-80% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 6a - 6e (yield, 49-68%) as a white solid. (0051) A mixture of 5a (0.2g, 1.2mmol), Na2S2O5 (0.023g, 0.12mmol), benzene-1,2-diamine (0.13g, 1.2mmol) or 2-aminobenzenethiol (0.15g, 1.2mmol) in DMF (10mL) was degassed under a stream of nitrogen. The resulting brown solution was heated at 140°C overnight. The cooled reaction was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution, 1-2% MeOH/dichloromethane) to afford 6f - 6g (yield, 59, 62%) as a white solid. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
Stage #1: 1-(4-isopropyl-2-methyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)ethan-1-one With trichlorophosphate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0 - 20℃; for 3h; Stage #2: potassium formate In water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 0 - 105℃; for 3h; Inert atmosphere; | General procedure A for the synthesis of compounds 6a - 6g General procedure: To a stirred ice-cooled solution of compound 1a - 1e (20mmol) in HOAc (40mL), the sodium nitrite (30mmol) in H2O (5mL) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. for about 3h, then Zn (40mmol) and pentane-2,4-dione (20mmol) was added at 0°C. And the reaction mixture was heated to 85°C for about 4h. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was chromatographed, eluting with a gradient of 2-10% EtOAc/petroleum ether to afford compound 2a - 2e (yield, 58-89%) as a clear oil. (0047) To a suspension of compound 2a - 2e (10mmol), KOH (50mmol) in ethylene glycol (20mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at 140°C for about 3h. After completion of reaction, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated under vacuum to give 3a - 3e (yield, 72-91%) without further purification. (0048) To a solution of 3a (2.0g, 14.6mmol) in THF (20mL) at - 78°C was added NBS (2.6g, 14.6mmol) in four batches. The reaction mixture was stirred at - 78°C for 1h. Then the reaction was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed, eluting with a gradient of 10-20% EtOAc/petroleum ether to afford compound 4 (1.8g, yield, 57%) as a yellow solid. (0049) A mixture of 3a - 3e (10mmol) in anhydrous DMF (20mL) was stirred at 0°C, the solution was added dropwise POCl3 (20mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for about 3h. Then the mixture was added dropwise 5M KOAc (50mmol) solution at 0°C, and the solution was stirred at 105°C under nitrogen for about 3h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10-30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 5a - 5e (yield, 51-74%) as a brown solid. (0050) A flask was charged with compound 4 (0.22g, 1mmol), corresponding boric ester (1.2mmol), PdCl2(dppf) (0.1mmol), K2CO3 (5mmol) and sparged with nitrogen. Degassed dioxane (7mL) and water (2mL) was added and the mixture was heated at 100°C for 4h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (30-80% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to yield 6a - 6e (yield, 49-68%) as a white solid. (0051) A mixture of 5a (0.2g, 1.2mmol), Na2S2O5 (0.023g, 0.12mmol), benzene-1,2-diamine (0.13g, 1.2mmol) or 2-aminobenzenethiol (0.15g, 1.2mmol) in DMF (10mL) was degassed under a stream of nitrogen. The resulting brown solution was heated at 140°C overnight. The cooled reaction was purified by silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution, 1-2% MeOH/dichloromethane) to afford 6f - 6g (yield, 59, 62%) as a white solid. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
26% | With eosin B disodium salt In dimethyl sulfoxide at 100℃; for 12h; Inert atmosphere; Irradiation; |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
60% | In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 18h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; |
Tags: 590-29-4 synthesis path| 590-29-4 SDS| 590-29-4 COA| 590-29-4 purity| 590-29-4 application| 590-29-4 NMR| 590-29-4 COA| 590-29-4 structure
[ 54451-24-0 ]
Lanthanum(III) carbonate xhydrate
Similarity: 0.56
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Code | Phrase |
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P403 + P235 | Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool. |
P410 + P403 | Protect from sunlight. Store in a well-ventilated place. |
P410 + P412 | Protect from sunlight. Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 oC/122oF. |
P411 + P235 | Keep cool. |
Disposal | |
Code | Phrase |
P501 | Dispose of contents/container to ... |
P502 | Refer to manufacturer/supplier for information on recovery/recycling |
Physical hazards | |
Code | Phrase |
H200 | Unstable explosive |
H201 | Explosive; mass explosion hazard |
H202 | Explosive; severe projection hazard |
H203 | Explosive; fire, blast or projection hazard |
H204 | Fire or projection hazard |
H205 | May mass explode in fire |
H220 | Extremely flammable gas |
H221 | Flammable gas |
H222 | Extremely flammable aerosol |
H223 | Flammable aerosol |
H224 | Extremely flammable liquid and vapour |
H225 | Highly flammable liquid and vapour |
H226 | Flammable liquid and vapour |
H227 | Combustible liquid |
H228 | Flammable solid |
H229 | Pressurized container: may burst if heated |
H230 | May react explosively even in the absence of air |
H231 | May react explosively even in the absence of air at elevated pressure and/or temperature |
H240 | Heating may cause an explosion |
H241 | Heating may cause a fire or explosion |
H242 | Heating may cause a fire |
H250 | Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air |
H251 | Self-heating; may catch fire |
H252 | Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire |
H260 | In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously |
H261 | In contact with water releases flammable gas |
H270 | May cause or intensify fire; oxidizer |
H271 | May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidizer |
H272 | May intensify fire; oxidizer |
H280 | Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated |
H281 | Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury |
H290 | May be corrosive to metals |
Health hazards | |
Code | Phrase |
H300 | Fatal if swallowed |
H301 | Toxic if swallowed |
H302 | Harmful if swallowed |
H303 | May be harmful if swallowed |
H304 | May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways |
H305 | May be harmful if swallowed and enters airways |
H310 | Fatal in contact with skin |
H311 | Toxic in contact with skin |
H312 | Harmful in contact with skin |
H313 | May be harmful in contact with skin |
H314 | Causes severe skin burns and eye damage |
H315 | Causes skin irritation |
H316 | Causes mild skin irritation |
H317 | May cause an allergic skin reaction |
H318 | Causes serious eye damage |
H319 | Causes serious eye irritation |
H320 | Causes eye irritation |
H330 | Fatal if inhaled |
H331 | Toxic if inhaled |
H332 | Harmful if inhaled |
H333 | May be harmful if inhaled |
H334 | May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled |
H335 | May cause respiratory irritation |
H336 | May cause drowsiness or dizziness |
H340 | May cause genetic defects |
H341 | Suspected of causing genetic defects |
H350 | May cause cancer |
H351 | Suspected of causing cancer |
H360 | May damage fertility or the unborn child |
H361 | Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child |
H361d | Suspected of damaging the unborn child |
H362 | May cause harm to breast-fed children |
H370 | Causes damage to organs |
H371 | May cause damage to organs |
H372 | Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure |
H373 | May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure |
Environmental hazards | |
Code | Phrase |
H400 | Very toxic to aquatic life |
H401 | Toxic to aquatic life |
H402 | Harmful to aquatic life |
H410 | Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects |
H411 | Toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects |
H412 | Harmful to aquatic life with long-lasting effects |
H413 | May cause long-lasting harmful effects to aquatic life |
H420 | Harms public health and the environment by destroying ozone in the upper atmosphere |
Sorry,this product has been discontinued.
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