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Structure of 1122-62-9

Chemical Structure| 1122-62-9

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Pilling, Darrell ; Martinez, Trevor C ; Gomer, Richard H ;

Abstract: Sialic acids are located on the ends of many glycoconjugates and are cleaved off by enzymes called sialidases (neuraminidases). Upregulation of neuraminidase 3 (NEU3) is associated with intestinal inflammation and colitis, neuroinflammation, and lung fibrosis. Genetic ablation of NEU3 or pharmacological inhibition of NEU3 reduces lung fibrosis in mice. To determine if inhibiting NEU3 can inhibit liver fibrosis in the commonly-used CCl4 model, in this report, we examined the effects of injections of the NEU3 inhibitor 2-acetyl pyridine (2AP). 2AP inhibited CCl4-induced weight loss in female but not male mice. 2AP atten_x005f_x0002_uated CCl4-induced liver inflammation and fibrosis in male and female mice, but did not affect CCl4-induced steatosis. After CCl4 treatment, female but not male mice had significant increases in liver neutrophils, and 2AP attenuated this response. 2AP also reversed CCl4-induced liver desialylation and CCl4-induced increased expression of NEU3. Patients with pulmonary fibrosis have increased desialylation of some serum proteins, and elevated serum levels of NEU3. We find that sera from patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have elevated desialylation of a serum protein and patients with NAFLD have increased levels of NEU3. These data suggest that elevated levels of NEU3 may be associated with liver inflammation and fibrosis, and that in mice this is ameliorated by injections of a NEU3 inhibitor.

Purchased from AmBeed:

Morse, Jared ; Ofodum, Nnamdi ; Tang, Fung-Kit ; Schmidt, Matthias ; Lu, Xiaocun ; Leung, Kaho

Abstract: Chloride is the most abundant anion in cell physiology and plays many critical roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis. However, current chloride sensors are rare, with inherent sensitivity in their emission properties, such as vulnerability to pH changes or short emission lifetimes. These limitations restrict theirapplication in aqueous media and imaging. In this work, we employed a transition metal complex bearing pyridinium as a recognition unit for chloride and studied the phosphorescence emission properties. Iridium(III) complex 1 was synthesized as an alternative chloride-sensitive luminophore. The conjugable design also allows customization for desired applications. Complex 1 exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity in chloride sensing across different physiological environments, regardless of pH fluctuation and ionic strength. Additionally, complex 1 featured a long microsecond emission lifetime. The chloride sensing ability of complex 1 can be measured through both luminescence intensity and long-lived phosphorescent lifetime simultaneously, providing an alternative potential route for chloride imaging.

Keywords: Chloride ; chloride detection ; chloride-sensitive luminophore ; iridium complex

Purchased from AmBeed: ; ;

Kirolos, Sara A. ; Pilling, Darrell ; Gomer, Richard H. ;

Abstract: Some extracellular glycoconjugates have sialic acid as the terminal sugar, and sialidases are enzymes that remove this sugar. Mammals have 4 sialidases and can be elevated in inflammation and fibrosis. In this report, we show that incubation of human neutrophils with the extracellular human sialidase NEU3, but not NEU1, NEU2 or NEU4, induces human male and female neutrophils to change from a round to a more amoeboid morphol., causes the primed human neutrophil markers CD11b, CD18, and CD66a to localize to the cell cortex, and decreases the localization of the unprimed human neutrophil markers CD43 and CD62-L at the cell cortex. NEU3, but not the other 3 sialidases, also causes human male and female neutrophils to increase their F-actin content. Human neutrophils treated with NEU3 show a decrease in cortical levels of Sambucus nigra lectin staining and an increase in cortical levels of peanut agglutinin staining, indicating a NEU3-induced desialylation. The inhibition of NEU3 by the NEU3 inhibitor 2-acetylpyridine attenuated the NEU3 effect on neutrophil morphol., indicating that the effect of NEU3 is dependent on its enzymic activity. Together, these results indicate that NEU3 can prime human male and female neutrophils, and that NEU3 is a potential regulator of inflammation.

Keywords: Neutrophil ; priming ; sialidase ; NEU1 ; NEU2 ; NEU3 ; NEU4 ; fibrosis ; activation ; sialic acid ; desialylation ; glycoconjugate ; adhesion ; aggregation

Purchased from AmBeed:

Milligan, Sara Ann ;

Abstract: Chemorepulsion is the movement of cells away from a chemical signal and is a fundamental process in developmental biology and immune responses. The ability to manipulate chemorepulsion could lead to new therapeutics for neutrophil driven diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, little is known about eukaryotic chemorepulsion. Autocrine proliferation repressor protein A (AprA) is a protein that acts as an endogenous chemorepellent continuously secreted by Dictyostelium cells. AprA has structural and functional similarity to human dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV). DPPIV acts as a chemorepellent for neutrophils by activating protease activated receptor 2 (PAR2). In this dissertation, my work on Dictyostelium showed that some of the key proteins that appear to mediate AprA chemorepulsion include Ras GTPases. I have also identified proteins that are involved in regulating the distribution of active Ras protein during chemorepulsion. To identify novel proteins, I utilized restriction enzyme mediated integration, and found 17 proteins that appear to be required for AprA-induced chemorepulsion. One of these proteins is phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase A (PIPkinA). I showed that PIPkinA is required for both AprA-induced chemorepulsion and proliferation inhibition, and that PipKinA regulates PIP and PIP3 levels in Dictyostelium. In this dissertation, while working with human neutrophils to study how a chemorepellent could also induces apoptosis of activated neutrophils, I have also explored the effect of human iii sialidases NEU1-4 on neutrophil priming. I found that NEU3, previously shown to be upregulated in fibrosis, primes neutrophils and increases expression of neutrophil markers CD11b, CD18, and CD66a to localize to the cell cortex, and decreases the localization of the unprimed neutrophil markers CD43 and CD62-L at the cell cortex. The inhibition of NEU3 by the NEU3 inhibitor 2- acetylpyridine attenuated the NEU3 effect on neutrophil morphology, indicating that the effect of NEU3 is dependent on its enzymatic activity. Together, these data expand the crucial regulation of Ras GTPases and the role of novel proteins in eukaryotic chemorepulsion. This furthers our understanding of the underlying chemorepulsion mechanism in eukaryotes, and facilitates the development of therapeutics for ARDS and neutrophil-driven diseases.

Purchased from AmBeed:

Sara A. Kirolos ; Richard H. Gomer ;

Abstract: Some extracellular glycoconjugates have sialic acid as the terminal sugar, and sialidases are enzymes that remove this sugar. Mammals have four sialidases, but their biological functions are unclear. In this report, we show that incubation of human neutrophils with the human sialidase NEU3, but not NEU1, NEU2 or NEU4, inducess human male and female neutrophils to change from a round to a more amoeboid morphology, causes the primed neutrophil markers CD66, CD11B, and CD18 to localize to the cell cortex, and decreases the localization of the unprimed neutrophil markers CD43 and CD62L at the cell cortex. NEU3, but not the other 3 sialidases, also causes human male and female neutrophils to increase their F-actin content. The inhibition of NEU3 by the NEU3 inhibitor 2-acetylpyridine attenuated the NEU3 effect on neutrophil morphology, indicating that the effect of NEU3 is dependent on its enzymatic activity. Together, these results indicate that NEU3 can prime human male and female neutrophils, and that NEU3 is a potential regulator of inflammation.

Purchased from AmBeed:

Alternative Products

Product Details of [ 1122-62-9 ]

CAS No. :1122-62-9
Formula : C7H7NO
M.W : 121.14
SMILES Code : C1=C(C(C)=O)N=CC=C1
MDL No. :MFCD00006303
InChI Key :AJKVQEKCUACUMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Pubchem ID :14286

Safety of [ 1122-62-9 ]

GHS Pictogram:
Signal Word:Warning
Hazard Statements:H315-H319-H335
Precautionary Statements:P261-P305+P351+P338

Computational Chemistry of [ 1122-62-9 ] Show Less

Physicochemical Properties

Num. heavy atoms 9
Num. arom. heavy atoms 6
Fraction Csp3 0.14
Num. rotatable bonds 1
Num. H-bond acceptors 2.0
Num. H-bond donors 0.0
Molar Refractivity 34.43
TPSA ?

Topological Polar Surface Area: Calculated from
Ertl P. et al. 2000 J. Med. Chem.

29.96 Ų

Lipophilicity

Log Po/w (iLOGP)?

iLOGP: in-house physics-based method implemented from
Daina A et al. 2014 J. Chem. Inf. Model.

1.58
Log Po/w (XLOGP3)?

XLOGP3: Atomistic and knowledge-based method calculated by
XLOGP program, version 3.2.2, courtesy of CCBG, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry

0.85
Log Po/w (WLOGP)?

WLOGP: Atomistic method implemented from
Wildman SA and Crippen GM. 1999 J. Chem. Inf. Model.

1.28
Log Po/w (MLOGP)?

MLOGP: Topological method implemented from
Moriguchi I. et al. 1992 Chem. Pharm. Bull.
Moriguchi I. et al. 1994 Chem. Pharm. Bull.
Lipinski PA. et al. 2001 Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev.

0.13
Log Po/w (SILICOS-IT)?

SILICOS-IT: Hybrid fragmental/topological method calculated by
FILTER-IT program, version 1.0.2, courtesy of SILICOS-IT, http://www.silicos-it.com

1.67
Consensus Log Po/w?

Consensus Log Po/w: Average of all five predictions

1.1

Water Solubility

Log S (ESOL):?

ESOL: Topological method implemented from
Delaney JS. 2004 J. Chem. Inf. Model.

-1.55
Solubility 3.38 mg/ml ; 0.0279 mol/l
Class?

Solubility class: Log S scale
Insoluble < -10 < Poorly < -6 < Moderately < -4 < Soluble < -2 Very < 0 < Highly

Very soluble
Log S (Ali)?

Ali: Topological method implemented from
Ali J. et al. 2012 J. Chem. Inf. Model.

-1.06
Solubility 10.5 mg/ml ; 0.0866 mol/l
Class?

Solubility class: Log S scale
Insoluble < -10 < Poorly < -6 < Moderately < -4 < Soluble < -2 Very < 0 < Highly

Very soluble
Log S (SILICOS-IT)?

SILICOS-IT: Fragmental method calculated by
FILTER-IT program, version 1.0.2, courtesy of SILICOS-IT, http://www.silicos-it.com

-2.31
Solubility 0.589 mg/ml ; 0.00486 mol/l
Class?

Solubility class: Log S scale
Insoluble < -10 < Poorly < -6 < Moderately < -4 < Soluble < -2 Very < 0 < Highly

Soluble

Pharmacokinetics

GI absorption?

Gatrointestinal absorption: according to the white of the BOILED-Egg

High
BBB permeant?

BBB permeation: according to the yolk of the BOILED-Egg

Yes
P-gp substrate?

P-glycoprotein substrate: SVM model built on 1033 molecules (training set)
and tested on 415 molecules (test set)
10-fold CV: ACC=0.72 / AUC=0.77
External: ACC=0.88 / AUC=0.94

No
CYP1A2 inhibitor?

Cytochrome P450 1A2 inhibitor: SVM model built on 9145 molecules (training set)
and tested on 3000 molecules (test set)
10-fold CV: ACC=0.83 / AUC=0.90
External: ACC=0.84 / AUC=0.91

No
CYP2C19 inhibitor?

Cytochrome P450 2C19 inhibitor: SVM model built on 9272 molecules (training set)
and tested on 3000 molecules (test set)
10-fold CV: ACC=0.80 / AUC=0.86
External: ACC=0.80 / AUC=0.87

No
CYP2C9 inhibitor?

Cytochrome P450 2C9 inhibitor: SVM model built on 5940 molecules (training set)
and tested on 2075 molecules (test set)
10-fold CV: ACC=0.78 / AUC=0.85
External: ACC=0.71 / AUC=0.81

No
CYP2D6 inhibitor?

Cytochrome P450 2D6 inhibitor: SVM model built on 3664 molecules (training set)
and tested on 1068 molecules (test set)
10-fold CV: ACC=0.79 / AUC=0.85
External: ACC=0.81 / AUC=0.87

No
CYP3A4 inhibitor?

Cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitor: SVM model built on 7518 molecules (training set)
and tested on 2579 molecules (test set)
10-fold CV: ACC=0.77 / AUC=0.85
External: ACC=0.78 / AUC=0.86

No
Log Kp (skin permeation)?

Skin permeation: QSPR model implemented from
Potts RO and Guy RH. 1992 Pharm. Res.

-6.44 cm/s

Druglikeness

Lipinski?

Lipinski (Pfizer) filter: implemented from
Lipinski CA. et al. 2001 Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev.
MW ≤ 500
MLOGP ≤ 4.15
N or O ≤ 10
NH or OH ≤ 5

0.0
Ghose?

Ghose filter: implemented from
Ghose AK. et al. 1999 J. Comb. Chem.
160 ≤ MW ≤ 480
-0.4 ≤ WLOGP ≤ 5.6
40 ≤ MR ≤ 130
20 ≤ atoms ≤ 70

None
Veber?

Veber (GSK) filter: implemented from
Veber DF. et al. 2002 J. Med. Chem.
Rotatable bonds ≤ 10
TPSA ≤ 140

0.0
Egan?

Egan (Pharmacia) filter: implemented from
Egan WJ. et al. 2000 J. Med. Chem.
WLOGP ≤ 5.88
TPSA ≤ 131.6

0.0
Muegge?

Muegge (Bayer) filter: implemented from
Muegge I. et al. 2001 J. Med. Chem.
200 ≤ MW ≤ 600
-2 ≤ XLOGP ≤ 5
TPSA ≤ 150
Num. rings ≤ 7
Num. carbon > 4
Num. heteroatoms > 1
Num. rotatable bonds ≤ 15
H-bond acc. ≤ 10
H-bond don. ≤ 5

1.0
Bioavailability Score?

Abbott Bioavailability Score: Probability of F > 10% in rat
implemented from
Martin YC. 2005 J. Med. Chem.

0.55

Medicinal Chemistry

PAINS?

Pan Assay Interference Structures: implemented from
Baell JB. & Holloway GA. 2010 J. Med. Chem.

0.0 alert
Brenk?

Structural Alert: implemented from
Brenk R. et al. 2008 ChemMedChem

0.0 alert: heavy_metal
Leadlikeness?

Leadlikeness: implemented from
Teague SJ. 1999 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
250 ≤ MW ≤ 350
XLOGP ≤ 3.5
Num. rotatable bonds ≤ 7

No; 1 violation:MW<1.0
Synthetic accessibility?

Synthetic accessibility score: from 1 (very easy) to 10 (very difficult)
based on 1024 fragmental contributions (FP2) modulated by size and complexity penaties,
trained on 12'782'590 molecules and tested on 40 external molecules (r2 = 0.94)

1.03

Application In Synthesis of [ 1122-62-9 ]

* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.

  • Upstream synthesis route of [ 1122-62-9 ]
  • Downstream synthetic route of [ 1122-62-9 ]

[ 1122-62-9 ] Synthesis Path-Upstream   1~1

  • 1
  • [ 1122-62-9 ]
  • [ 159307-02-5 ]
References: [1] Angewandte Chemie - International Edition, 2017, vol. 56, # 36, p. 10890 - 10893[2] Angew. Chem., 2017, vol. 129, p. 11030 - 11033,4.
 

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Technical Information

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