5521-61-9|6-Methylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid| Ambeed

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Quality Control of [ 5521-61-9 ] Purity: 97% SDS Specification

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Synthesis and Characterization of 5-(2-Fluoro-4-[11C]methoxyphenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-b]pyridine-7-carboxamide as a PET Imaging Ligand for Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 2

Yuan, Gengyang ; Dhaynaut, Maeva ; Lan, Yu ; Guehl, Nicolas J. ; Huynh, Dalena ; Iyengar, Suhasini M. , et al.

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02004 PubMed ID: 35089713 JMC,2022,65(3):2593-2609.

Abstract: Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2) is a therapeutic target for several neuropsychiatric disorders. An mGluR2 function in etiology could be unveiled by positron emission tomography (PET). In this regard, 5-(2-fluoro-4-[11C]methoxyphenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-b]pyridine-7-carboxamide ([11C]13, [11C]mG2N001), a potent negative allosteric modulator (NAM), was developed to support this endeavor. [11C]13 was synthesized via the O-[11C]methylation of phenol 24 with a high molar activity of 212 ± 76 GBq/μmol (n = 5) and excellent radiochemical purity (>99%). PET imaging of [11C]13 in rats demonstrated its superior brain heterogeneity and reduced accumulation with pretreatment of mGluR2 NAMs, VU6001966 (9) and MNI-137 (26), the extent of which revealed a time-dependent drug effect of the blocking agents. In a nonhuman primate, [11C]13 selectively accumulated in mGluR2-rich regions and resulted in high-contrast brain images. Therefore, [11C]13 is a potential candidate for translational PET imaging of the mGluR2 function.

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Structure activity relationship of pyrazinoic acid analogs as potential antimycobacterial agents

Hegde, Pooja V. ; Aragaw, Wassihun W. ; Cole, Malcolm S. ; Jachak, Gorakhnath ; Ragunathan, Priya ; Sharma, Sachin , et al.

DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117046 PubMed ID: 36228522 Bioorgan. Med. Chem.,2022,74,117046.

Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of infectious disease-related mortality and morbidity. Pyrazinamide (PZA) is a critical component of the first-line TB treatment regimen because of its sterilizing activity against non-replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), but its mechanism of action has remained enigmatic. PZA is a prodrug converted by pyrazinamidase encoded by pncA within Mtb to the active moiety, pyrazinoic acid (POA) and PZA resistance is caused by loss-of-function mutations to pyrazinamidase. We have recently shown that POA induces targeted protein degradation of the enzyme PanD, a crucial component of the CoA biosynthetic pathway essential in Mtb. Based on the newly identified mechanism of action of POA, along with the crystal structure of PanD bound to POA, we designed several POA analogs using structure for interpretation to improve potency and overcome PZA resistance. We prepared and tested ring and carboxylic acid bioisosteres as well as 3, 5, 6 substitutions on the ring to study the structure activity relationships of the POA scaffold. All the analogs were evaluated for their whole cell antimycobacterial activity, and a few representative mols. were evaluated for their binding affinity, towards PanD, through isothermal titration calorimetry. We report that analogs with ring and carboxylic acid bioisosteres did not significantly enhance the antimicrobial activity, whereas the alkylamino-group substitutions at the 3 and 5 position of POA were found to be up to 5 to 10-fold more potent than POA. Further development and mechanistic anal. of these analogs may lead to a next generation POA analog for treating TB.

Keywords: Tuberculosis ; Pyrazinoic acid ; pyrazinamide

Purchased from AmBeed: 16289-54-6 ; 5521-55-1 ; 22047-25-2 ; 98-80-6 ; 40155-47-3 ; 5720-05-8 ; 879-65-2 ; 98-96-4 ; 31519-62-7 ; 23688-89-3 ; 23611-75-8 ; 33332-25-1 ; 20737-42-2 ; 61442-38-4 ; 17933-03-8 ; 50681-25-9 ; 13924-99-7 ; 40155-43-9 ; 36070-80-1 ; 4595-61-3 ; 118853-60-4 ; 41110-28-5 ; 40155-42-8 ; 937669-80-2 ; 98-98-6 ; 31462-59-6 ; 16419-60-6 ; 5424-01-1 ; 59-67-6 ; 34604-60-9 ; 27398-39-6 ; 1196151-53-7 ; 19847-12-2 ; 13965-03-2 ; 876161-05-6 ; 27825-21-4 ; 2164-61-6 ; 4604-72-2 ; 98-97-5 ; 24005-61-6 ; 103-67-3 ; 5521-61-9 ; 2516-34-9 ; 2719-27-9 ; 123-90-0 ; 6761-50-8 ; 625-43-4 ; 872-64-0 ; 36932-49-7 ; 1528085-68-8 ; 1195533-51-7 ; 13534-79-7

Product Details of [ 5521-61-9 ]

CAS No. :	5521-61-9
Formula :	C₆H₆N₂O₂
M.W :	138.12
SMILES Code :	C1=NC=C(N=C1C(=O)O)C
MDL No. :	MFCD08705756
InChI Key :	YDSUJIRXXROKQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Pubchem ID :	470897

Safety of [ 5521-61-9 ]

GHS Pictogram:
Signal Word:	Warning
Hazard Statements:	H302-H315-H319-H335
Precautionary Statements:	P261-P305+P351+P338

Computational Chemistry of [ 5521-61-9 ] Show Less

Physicochemical Properties

Num. heavy atoms	10
Num. arom. heavy atoms	6
Fraction Csp3	0.17
Num. rotatable bonds	1
Num. H-bond acceptors	4.0
Num. H-bond donors	1.0
Molar Refractivity	33.96
TPSA ? Topological Polar Surface Area: Calculated from Ertl P. et al. 2000 J. Med. Chem.	63.08 Å²

Lipophilicity

Log P_o/w (iLOGP)? iLOGP: in-house physics-based method implemented from Daina A et al. 2014 J. Chem. Inf. Model.	0.48
Log P_o/w (XLOGP3)? XLOGP3: Atomistic and knowledge-based method calculated by XLOGP program, version 3.2.2, courtesy of CCBG, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry	0.52
Log P_o/w (WLOGP)? WLOGP: Atomistic method implemented from Wildman SA and Crippen GM. 1999 J. Chem. Inf. Model.	0.48
Log P_o/w (MLOGP)? MLOGP: Topological method implemented from Moriguchi I. et al. 1992 Chem. Pharm. Bull. Moriguchi I. et al. 1994 Chem. Pharm. Bull. Lipinski PA. et al. 2001 Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev.	-0.88
Log P_o/w (SILICOS-IT)? SILICOS-IT: Hybrid fragmental/topological method calculated by FILTER-IT program, version 1.0.2, courtesy of SILICOS-IT, http://www.silicos-it.com	0.7
Consensus Log P_o/w? Consensus Log P_o/w: Average of all five predictions	0.26

Water Solubility

Log S (ESOL):? ESOL: Topological method implemented from Delaney JS. 2004 J. Chem. Inf. Model.	-1.4
Solubility	5.47 mg/ml ; 0.0396 mol/l
Class? Solubility class: Log S scale Insoluble < -10 < Poorly < -6 < Moderately < -4 < Soluble < -2 Very < 0 < Highly	Very soluble
Log S (Ali)? Ali: Topological method implemented from Ali J. et al. 2012 J. Chem. Inf. Model.	-1.42
Solubility	5.31 mg/ml ; 0.0384 mol/l
Class? Solubility class: Log S scale Insoluble < -10 < Poorly < -6 < Moderately < -4 < Soluble < -2 Very < 0 < Highly	Very soluble
Log S (SILICOS-IT)? SILICOS-IT: Fragmental method calculated by FILTER-IT program, version 1.0.2, courtesy of SILICOS-IT, http://www.silicos-it.com	-1.38
Solubility	5.71 mg/ml ; 0.0413 mol/l
Class? Solubility class: Log S scale Insoluble < -10 < Poorly < -6 < Moderately < -4 < Soluble < -2 Very < 0 < Highly	Soluble

Pharmacokinetics

GI absorption? Gatrointestinal absorption: according to the white of the BOILED-Egg	High
BBB permeant? BBB permeation: according to the yolk of the BOILED-Egg	No
P-gp substrate? P-glycoprotein substrate: SVM model built on 1033 molecules (training set) and tested on 415 molecules (test set) 10-fold CV: ACC=0.72 / AUC=0.77 External: ACC=0.88 / AUC=0.94	No
CYP1A2 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 1A2 inhibitor: SVM model built on 9145 molecules (training set) and tested on 3000 molecules (test set) 10-fold CV: ACC=0.83 / AUC=0.90 External: ACC=0.84 / AUC=0.91	No
CYP2C19 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 2C19 inhibitor: SVM model built on 9272 molecules (training set) and tested on 3000 molecules (test set) 10-fold CV: ACC=0.80 / AUC=0.86 External: ACC=0.80 / AUC=0.87	No
CYP2C9 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 2C9 inhibitor: SVM model built on 5940 molecules (training set) and tested on 2075 molecules (test set) 10-fold CV: ACC=0.78 / AUC=0.85 External: ACC=0.71 / AUC=0.81	No
CYP2D6 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 2D6 inhibitor: SVM model built on 3664 molecules (training set) and tested on 1068 molecules (test set) 10-fold CV: ACC=0.79 / AUC=0.85 External: ACC=0.81 / AUC=0.87	No
CYP3A4 inhibitor? Cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitor: SVM model built on 7518 molecules (training set) and tested on 2579 molecules (test set) 10-fold CV: ACC=0.77 / AUC=0.85 External: ACC=0.78 / AUC=0.86	No
Log Kp (skin permeation)? Skin permeation: QSPR model implemented from Potts RO and Guy RH. 1992 Pharm. Res.	-6.77 cm/s

Druglikeness

Lipinski? Lipinski (Pfizer) filter: implemented from Lipinski CA. et al. 2001 Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. MW ≤ 500 MLOGP ≤ 4.15 N or O ≤ 10 NH or OH ≤ 5	0.0
Ghose? Ghose filter: implemented from Ghose AK. et al. 1999 J. Comb. Chem. 160 ≤ MW ≤ 480 -0.4 ≤ WLOGP ≤ 5.6 40 ≤ MR ≤ 130 20 ≤ atoms ≤ 70	None
Veber? Veber (GSK) filter: implemented from Veber DF. et al. 2002 J. Med. Chem. Rotatable bonds ≤ 10 TPSA ≤ 140	0.0
Egan? Egan (Pharmacia) filter: implemented from Egan WJ. et al. 2000 J. Med. Chem. WLOGP ≤ 5.88 TPSA ≤ 131.6	0.0
Muegge? Muegge (Bayer) filter: implemented from Muegge I. et al. 2001 J. Med. Chem. 200 ≤ MW ≤ 600 -2 ≤ XLOGP ≤ 5 TPSA ≤ 150 Num. rings ≤ 7 Num. carbon > 4 Num. heteroatoms > 1 Num. rotatable bonds ≤ 15 H-bond acc. ≤ 10 H-bond don. ≤ 5	1.0
Bioavailability Score? Abbott Bioavailability Score: Probability of F > 10% in rat implemented from Martin YC. 2005 J. Med. Chem.	0.56

Medicinal Chemistry

PAINS? Pan Assay Interference Structures: implemented from Baell JB. & Holloway GA. 2010 J. Med. Chem.	0.0 alert
Brenk? Structural Alert: implemented from Brenk R. et al. 2008 ChemMedChem	0.0 alert: heavy_metal
Leadlikeness? Leadlikeness: implemented from Teague SJ. 1999 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 250 ≤ MW ≤ 350 XLOGP ≤ 3.5 Num. rotatable bonds ≤ 7	No; 1 violation:MW<1.0
Synthetic accessibility? Synthetic accessibility score: from 1 (very easy) to 10 (very difficult) based on 1024 fragmental contributions (FP2) modulated by size and complexity penaties, trained on 12'782'590 molecules and tested on 40 external molecules (r² = 0.94)	1.64

Application In Synthesis of [ 5521-61-9 ]

* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.

Upstream synthesis route of [ 5521-61-9 ]
Downstream synthetic route of [ 5521-61-9 ]

[ 5521-61-9 ] Synthesis Path-Upstream 1~1

1
[ 5521-61-9 ]
[ 77164-93-3 ]

References: [1] Patent: WO2017/96301, 2017, A1, .

[ 5521-61-9 ] Synthesis Path-Downstream 1~30

1
[ 5521-60-8 ]
[ 5521-61-9 ]

References: [1]Journal of the American Chemical Society,1946,vol. 68,p. 526.

2
[ 5521-61-9 ]
[ 15454-54-3 ]
[ 111885-15-5 ]

References: [1]Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin,1990,vol. 38,p. 201 - 207.

4
[ 108-50-9 ]
[ 5521-61-9 ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
	With potassium permanganate; In water; at 70℃;	2,6-Dimethylpyrazine (500mg, 4.60mmol) was dissolved in water (10ml), heated at 700C and KMnO4 in water (25ml) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred and heated overnight. After cooling to room temperature the MnO2 cake was filtered and washed with water several times. The filtrate was acidified with 5M HCI solution (pH 1.5) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 50ml). The residue was dried over magnesium sulphate, filtered and evaporated to afford the product (D25); MS (ES+) m/e 139 [M+H]+.

References: [1]Journal of Organic Chemistry,2002,vol. 67,p. 556 - 565.
[2]Patent: WO2006/97691,2006,A1 .Location in patent: Page/Page column 30.
[3]International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2018,vol. 19.

5
[ 504-29-0 ]
[ 5521-61-9 ]
6-methyl-N-pyridin-2-yl-pyrazine-2-carboxamide [ No CAS ]

References: [1]Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters,2005,vol. 15,p. 1197 - 1200.

6
[ 5521-61-9 ]
[ 1206459-75-7 ]
[ 1206456-88-3 ]

Yield	Reaction Conditions	Operation in experiment
74%	With benzotriazol-1-yloxyl-tris-(pyrrolidino)-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate; In dichloromethane; at 20℃; for 2h;	EXAMPLE 586-Methyl-pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid {3-[(pyridine-2-carbonyl)-amino]-adamantan-1-yl}-amide; Example 58 was synthesized from Intermediate 2 via the process of Scheme 3, supra, as follows:To a round bottom flask was added pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (3-amino-adamantan-1-yl)-amide (3.10 g, 11.0 mmol, Intermediate 2), <strong>[5521-61-9]6-methylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid</strong> (1.83 g, 13.3 mmol; RihaChem, Kostalov, Czech Republic) and methylene chloride (120 mL). To the solution was then added PyBOP.(R). (6.90 g, 13.3 mmol) followed by triethylamine (3.85 mL, 27.6 mmol) and the reaction was stirred for two hours at room temperature. The reaction was transferred to a 500-mL separatory funnel with methylene chloride (50 mL) and saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (150 mL), and extracted with methylene chloride. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted again with methylene chloride (2.x.75 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (150 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified on a RP-HPLC/MS purification system (Gradient: acetonitrile in water, 27-95percent, in 3.5 min with a shallow gradient from 30-60percent between 0.75-3.4 min and a cycle time of 5 min. Flow rate: 100 mL/min. Mobile phase additive: 38 mM of ammonium acetate. Column: Inertsil.(R). C8, 30.x.50 mm, 5 mum particle size (GL Sciences, Tokyo, Japan). Mobile phase and column temperature: 50° C.). Fractions were then concentrated under reduced pressure to remove most of the acetonitrile, the resulting aqueous layer was made basic with solid sodium carbonate (pH>10) and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3.x.200 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 3.21 g (74percent) of the title compound, <strong>[5521-61-9]6-methyl-pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid</strong> {3-[(pyridine-2-carbonyl)-amino]-adamantan-1-yl}-amide, as a white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) delta 9.17 (s, 1H), 8.58 (s, 1H), 8.54-8.50 (m, 1H), 8.17 (dt, J=7.8, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (br s, 1H), 7.85 (td, J=7.7, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.77 (br s, 1H), 7.42 (ddd, J=7.6, 4.8, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 2.61-2.57 (m, 5H), 2.40-2.28 (m, 4H), 2.27-2.19 (m, 2H), 2.18-2.08 (m, 4H), 1.78-1.68 (m, 2H). ESI-MS m/z: 392.0 (M+H)+.

References: [1]Patent: US2010/22546,2010,A1 .Location in patent: Page/Page column 20-21.

7
[ 5521-61-9 ]
[ 1229293-88-2 ]
C₃₀H₄₁N₅O₇ [ No CAS ]

References: [1]Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2010,vol. 53,p. 4545 - 4549.

8
[ 5521-61-9 ]
[ 1383971-62-7 ]