Structure of Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH
CAS No.: 71989-38-3
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| CAS No. : | 71989-38-3 |
| Formula : | C28H29NO5 |
| M.W : | 459.53 |
| SMILES Code : | O=C(O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC(C)(C)C)NC(OCC2C3=C(C4=C2C=CC=C4)C=CC=C3)=O |
| English Name : | Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH |
| MDL No. : | MFCD00037129 |
| InChI Key : | JAUKCFULLJFBFN-VWLOTQADSA-N |
| Pubchem ID : | 10895791 |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.

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| Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
|---|---|---|
| With O-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine; In DMF (N,N-dimethyl-formamide); at 20℃; for 12h;Combinatorial reaction / High throughput screening (HTS); | Split & Mix Procedure for the Resin Bound HexapeptideP-Glu (OAll)-Gly-X1X2X3X4-H sublibrary The resin was suspended in 3:1 mixture of 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) and DMF and equally partitioned into 17 4 mL Alltech tubes. Each tube thus contained 0.1/17 mmol=5.88 10-6 mol of resin-bound dipeptide. Excess solvent was removed in vacuo, and the resin was suspended in DMF (200 mL) and agitated for 30 minutes. The 17 amino acids (1.76 10-5 mmol, 3 eq for each step, 7.04 10-5 mmol for 4 steps) were weighed into 17 vials: 1. Fmoc-Ala-OH 22 mg 2. Fmoc-Asn-OH 25 mg 3. Fmoc-Asp(OtBu)-OH 29 mg 4. Fmoc-Gln-OH 26 mg 5. <strong>[104091-08-9]Fmoc-Glu(OtBu)-OH</strong> 30 mg 6. Fmoc-Gly-OH 21 mg 7. Fmoc-Ile-OH 25 mg 8. Fmoc-Leu-OH 25 mg 9. Fmoc-Lys(BOC)-OH 33 mg 10. Fmoc-Met-OH 26 mg 11. Fmoc-Phe-OH 27 mg 12. Fmoc-Pro-OH 24 mg 13. Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH 27 mg 14. Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-OH 28 mg 15. Fmoc-Trp(BOC)-OH 37 mg 16. Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH 32 mg 17. Fmoc-Val-OH 24 mg Each amino acid was dissolved in DMF (2 mL); an aliquot of each solution (0.5 mL, corresponding to 1.76 10-5 mmol, 3 eq of each amino acid) was added to the appropriate tube. TBTU (1.76 10-5 mmol×17=2.99 10-4, 96 mg) and DIPEA (1.76 10-5 mmol×17=2.99 10-4, 52 mL) were separately dissolved in DMF (1.7 mL) and each solution was evenly distributed, delivering 3 eq of each reagent, to each one of the 17 tubes.The reaction tubes were agitated at room temperature for 12 hours, then the reagents and solvents were removed in vacuo and the resin was rinsed with DMF (2×1 mL each tube), DCM (2×1 mL each tube) and methanol (2×1 mL each tube). The resin was then suspended in 3:1 mixture of 1,2-dichloroethane and DMF and recombined. The recombined resin was acetylated (3 mL of acetylating reagent, 1 hour, room temperature) and deprotected (3 mL of 20% piperidine in DMF, 2 hours, room temperature).The procedure was repeated 3 more times. At the end of the 4th amino acid coupling the deprotection step was not executed. |

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| Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
|---|---|---|
| General procedure: For the synthesis of peptides affording a C-terminal acid (1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 10, 13, 14, 17, 18, 21, 22, 25, 26), AM-PS resin was initially swollen in CH2Cl2 (30 min) and subsequently reacted with Fmoc-AA-OCH2PhOCH2CH2CO2H (2.0equiv), and DIC (2.0equiv) in CH2Cl2 (2.0mL) for 2h at room temperature.27 The Kaiser test was negative.33 For the synthesis of peptides containing C-terminal amide (3, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 15, 16, 19, 20, 23, 24, 27, 28, 29), AM-PS resin was initially swollen in DMF (30 min) and subsequently reacted with Rink linker (5.0 equiv), DIC (5.0 equiv), and 6-Cl-HOBt (5.0equiv) in DMF (2.0 mL) for 2h at room temperature.27 The Kaiser test was negative.33 Fmoc SPPS was then performed on a Liberty 1 Microwave Peptide Synthesiser (CEM Corporation, Mathews, NC) on a 0.1 mmol scale using the Fmoc/tBu strategy. All amino acid couplings were performed as single coupling cycles, with the exception of Fmoc-Arg(Pbf) where a double coupling cycle was performed as part of a synthetic protocol recommended by CEM Microwave Technology. All Fmoc-AA couplings were performed using Fmoc-AA (5.0equiv, 0.2M), HBTU (4.5equiv, 0.45M), and iPrNEt (10equiv, 2M) in DMF, for 5 min, at 25W and maximum temperature of 75C, except Fmoc-Arg(Pbf) that was initially coupled for 25 min at room temperature which was followed by the second coupling for 3 min, at 25W and maximum temperature of 72C. Fmoc protecting group was removed using 5% piperazine in DMF (compounds 1-4) and 5% piperazine with 0.1M 6-Cl-HOBt in DMF (compounds 5-28). A 30s deprotection cycle was followed by a second deprotection for 3 min at 62W and maximum temperature of 75C. Acetylation was performed by treatment of the resin with acetic anhydride (20% in DMF) at room temperature (2×20min), or by using acetic anhydride (0.5M in NMP), iPr2EtN (0.125M in NMP) and acatalytic quantity of HOBt in NMP (room temperature, 2×5min). A fritted glass reaction vessel was used for the manual synthesis of 29 (0.25mmol scale). The Fmoc protecting group was deprotected with 20% piperidine solution in DMF (1×5min, 1×15min). The resin was washed with DMF (5×5mL), and Fmoc-AA coupling was performed. Nalpha-Fmoc-protected amino acid (4.0 equiv) was dissolved in DMF, HCTU (3.8 equiv) was added and mixture shaken until dissolved. The solution was transferred to the reaction vessel and shaken for 2min, followed by the addition of iPr2EtN (8.0 equiv). The mixture was shaken for 45min, filtered, and washed with DMF (3×5 mL). The resulting peptides were cleaved from the resin with simultaneous side chain protecting group removal by treatment with TFA/iPr3SiH/H2O/DODT (v/v/v/v; 94/1/2.5/2.5), for 2h at room temperature. The crude peptides were precipitated and triturated with cold diethyl ether, isolated (centrifugation), dissolved in 20% acetonitrile (aq) containing 0.1% TFA and lyophilized. Analytical reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was performed using either a Dionex P680 or Dionex Ultimate U3000 system (flow rate of 1mL/min), using Waters XTerra column (MS C18, 150 mm×4.6 mm; 5mum) using gradient systems as indicated in the Supporting information. The solvent system used was A (0.1% TFA in H2O) and B (0.1% TFA in acetonitrile) with detection at 210nm, 254nm, and 280nm. The ratio of products was determined by integration of spectra recorded at 210nm. A Hewlett Packard (HP) 1100MSD mass spectrometer using ESI in the positive mode spectrometer was used for ESI-MS analysis (positive mode). Peptide purification was performed using a Waters 600E system using a semipreparative Phenomenex Gemini C18, 250mm×10mm; 5mum column or Phenomenex Luna C8, 250mm×10mm; 5mum column. Gradient systems were adjusted according to the elution profiles and peak profiles obtained from the analytical RP-HPLC chromatograms. Fractions were collected, analysed by either RP-HPLC or ESI-MS, pooled and lyophilised 3 times from 10mM aq HCl. |
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| Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
|---|---|---|
| General procedure: 4.1.1. Peptide synthesis; 4.1.2; Solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) was performed with standardFmoc chemistry on rink amide resin using an automated peptidesynthesizer (Syro I, Multisyntech). The resin was loaded into a5 mL reactor with a frit at the bottom. Swelling was performed bydispensing 1 mL DMF and incubating for 15 min (2) with 10 sshaking every minute. Fmoc deprotection was achieved by treatmentwith 40percent piperidine DMF for 3 min and 20percent piperidine inDMF for 12 min (10 s/min shaking). Peptide couplings were carriedout by double couplings with Fmoc-protected amino acids(5 equiv), HBTU (5 equiv), HOBt (5 equiv) and DIPEA (10 equiv) inDMF for 40 min (10 s/min shaking). At the respective position,Fmoc-F2Pmp-OH (3 equiv) was coupled in DMF (1 mL) by manualaddition using TBTU (3 equiv), HOBt (3 equiv) and DIPEA (6 equiv)for 3 h, after 3 min preactivation. In case of the sequences for which side-chain labeling with biotinor carboxyfluorescein was planned, an additional 4-methyltrityl-(Mtt-) protected lysine was coupled to the N-terminus. Toselectively remove the Mtt group the resin was washed for 1 minwith DCM (3), deprotection was then achieved by treatment with1.8percent TFA in DCM for 3 min (10). During the deprotection the DCMsolution turned yellow.For fluorescein-labeling of the amine side-chain 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein(3 equiv), HATU (3 equiv), HOAt (3 equiv) andDIPEA (6 equiv) were dissolved in DMF and pre-activated for3 min. The solution was aspirated and coupling was allowed toproceed for 1 h. This step was repeated 4 times.For biotin-labeling of the amine side-chain the resin waswashed for 1 min in NMP (3). D-(+)-Biotin (3 equiv), HATU(3 equiv), HOAt (3 equiv) and DIPEA (6 equiv) were dissolved inNMP and pre-activated for 3 min. The solution was aspirated andcoupling was allowed to proceed for 2 h. This step was repeated2 times. N-terminal acetylation (where applicable) was achieved by dispensing800 lL of a mixture of acetic anhydride/pyridine (1:9) andreaction twice for 5 min (10 s/min shaking). After each deprotection,coupling or acetylation step, 5 washings (1 min each) withDMF were performed (10 s/min shaking).After synthesis the resin was transferred in a 5 mL syringeequipped with a frit, washed with DCM for 1 min (3) and driedin high vacuum for at least 30 min. For cleavage 1 mL of a mixtureof TFA and TIS (20:1) was added. The syringe with the mixture waskept on a shaker for 3 h. Then the liquid phase was filtered into20 mL of ice-cold Et2O. Formed precipitate was centrifuged,washed with ice-cold Et2O (2 20 mL) and purified by HPLC. 4.1.2. Azide functionalization of the N-terminus; To the peptides with the longer carbon linker, 6-azidohexanoicacid was coupled (with standard coupling conditions) to the Nterminalamine.The N-terminal amine of the peptides with the shorter linkerwas converted to an azide functionality directly on solid support.Using the compound imidazole-1-sulfonyl-azide*HCl (synthesissee beneath) and modified conditions, which were reported forsolution phase chemistry from Goddard?Borger and Stick:8 Theresin was washed for 1 min each with DCM (2), DCM/MeOH(2) and MeOH (3). Then (for 40 mg resin, loading= 0.62 mmole/g) 1.4 equiv of imidazole-1-sulfonyl-azide*HClin 1 mL MeOH and 100 ll of a saturated and centrifuged solutionof CuSO4*5H2O was added. After 1 min, DIPEA (1.8 equiv) wasadded and the coupling was allowed to proceed for 1 h andrepeated once more with an intermediate washing with MeOH(3 1 min). |
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| Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
|---|---|---|
| General procedure: 4.1.1. Peptide synthesis; 4.1.2; Solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) was performed with standardFmoc chemistry on rink amide resin using an automated peptidesynthesizer (Syro I, Multisyntech). The resin was loaded into a5 mL reactor with a frit at the bottom. Swelling was performed bydispensing 1 mL DMF and incubating for 15 min (2) with 10 sshaking every minute. Fmoc deprotection was achieved by treatmentwith 40percent piperidine DMF for 3 min and 20percent piperidine inDMF for 12 min (10 s/min shaking). Peptide couplings were carriedout by double couplings with Fmoc-protected amino acids(5 equiv), HBTU (5 equiv), HOBt (5 equiv) and DIPEA (10 equiv) inDMF for 40 min (10 s/min shaking). At the respective position,Fmoc-F2Pmp-OH (3 equiv) was coupled in DMF (1 mL) by manualaddition using TBTU (3 equiv), HOBt (3 equiv) and DIPEA (6 equiv)for 3 h, after 3 min preactivation. In case of the sequences for which side-chain labeling with biotinor carboxyfluorescein was planned, an additional 4-methyltrityl-(Mtt-) protected lysine was coupled to the N-terminus. Toselectively remove the Mtt group the resin was washed for 1 minwith DCM (3), deprotection was then achieved by treatment with1.8percent TFA in DCM for 3 min (10). During the deprotection the DCMsolution turned yellow.For fluorescein-labeling of the amine side-chain 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein(3 equiv), HATU (3 equiv), HOAt (3 equiv) andDIPEA (6 equiv) were dissolved in DMF and pre-activated for3 min. The solution was aspirated and coupling was allowed toproceed for 1 h. This step was repeated 4 times.For biotin-labeling of the amine side-chain the resin waswashed for 1 min in NMP (3). D-(+)-Biotin (3 equiv), HATU(3 equiv), HOAt (3 equiv) and DIPEA (6 equiv) were dissolved inNMP and pre-activated for 3 min. The solution was aspirated andcoupling was allowed to proceed for 2 h. This step was repeated2 times. N-terminal acetylation (where applicable) was achieved by dispensing800 lL of a mixture of acetic anhydride/pyridine (1:9) andreaction twice for 5 min (10 s/min shaking). After each deprotection,coupling or acetylation step, 5 washings (1 min each) withDMF were performed (10 s/min shaking).After synthesis the resin was transferred in a 5 mL syringeequipped with a frit, washed with DCM for 1 min (3) and driedin high vacuum for at least 30 min. For cleavage 1 mL of a mixtureof TFA and TIS (20:1) was added. The syringe with the mixture waskept on a shaker for 3 h. Then the liquid phase was filtered into20 mL of ice-cold Et2O. Formed precipitate was centrifuged,washed with ice-cold Et2O (2 20 mL) and purified by HPLC. 4.1.2. Azide functionalization of the N-terminus; To the peptides with the longer carbon linker, 6-azidohexanoicacid was coupled (with standard coupling conditions) to the Nterminalamine.The N-terminal amine of the peptides with the shorter linkerwas converted to an azide functionality directly on solid support.Using the compound imidazole-1-sulfonyl-azide*HCl (synthesissee beneath) and modified conditions, which were reported forsolution phase chemistry from Goddard?Borger and Stick:8 Theresin was washed for 1 min each with DCM (2), DCM/MeOH(2) and MeOH (3). Then (for 40 mg resin, loading= 0.62 mmole/g) 1.4 equiv of imidazole-1-sulfonyl-azide*HClin 1 mL MeOH and 100 ll of a saturated and centrifuged solutionof CuSO4*5H2O was added. After 1 min, DIPEA (1.8 equiv) wasadded and the coupling was allowed to proceed for 1 h andrepeated once more with an intermediate washing with MeOH(3 1 min). |
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[ 35661-40-6 ]
[ 71989-33-8 ]
[ 71989-14-5 ]
[ 71989-38-3 ]
[ 71989-26-9 ]
[ 103213-32-7 ]
[ 71989-35-0 ]
[ 71989-28-1 ]
[ 132388-59-1 ]
[ 96402-49-2 ]
[ 109425-51-6 ]
[ 143824-78-6 ]

[ 68858-20-8 ]
[ 35661-60-0 ]
[ 71989-31-6 ]
[ 35661-40-6 ]
[ 71989-33-8 ]
[ 71989-14-5 ]
[ 71989-23-6 ]
[ 71989-38-3 ]
[ 71989-26-9 ]
[ 103213-32-7 ]
[ 71989-35-0 ]
[ 71989-28-1 ]
[ 132388-59-1 ]
[ 96402-49-2 ]
[ 109425-51-6 ]
[ 143824-78-6 ]

[ 29022-11-5 ]
[ 68858-20-8 ]
[ 35661-60-0 ]
[ 71989-31-6 ]
[ 35661-40-6 ]
[ 71989-33-8 ]
[ 71989-14-5 ]
[ 71989-23-6 ]
[ 71989-38-3 ]
[ 71989-26-9 ]
[ 103213-32-7 ]
[ 71989-35-0 ]
[ 71989-28-1 ]
[ 132388-59-1 ]
[ 96402-49-2 ]
[ 143824-78-6 ]

[ 68858-20-8 ]
[ 35661-39-3 ]
[ 71989-31-6 ]
[ 71989-33-8 ]
[ 71989-14-5 ]
[ 71989-38-3 ]
[ 71989-26-9 ]
[ 71989-35-0 ]
[ 132388-59-1 ]
[ 172695-33-9 ]
[ 193954-26-6 ]

[ 5928-51-8 ]
[ 35661-60-0 ]
[ 35661-39-3 ]
[ 71989-33-8 ]
[ 71989-18-9 ]
[ 71989-23-6 ]
[ 71989-38-3 ]
[ 71989-26-9 ]
[ 71989-35-0 ]
[ 132388-59-1 ]
[ 132327-80-1 ]
[ 76-05-1 ]


[ 29022-11-5 ]
[ 71989-31-6 ]
[ 71989-18-9 ]
[ 71989-38-3 ]
[ 103213-32-7 ]
[ 84000-07-7 ]
[ 132388-59-1 ]
[ 109425-51-6 ]
[ 79-11-8 ]
[ 125238-99-5 ]
[ 143824-78-6 ]
[ 203866-20-0 ]
| Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
|---|---|---|
| Single-Coupling Procedure To the reaction vessel containing resin from the previous step was added piperidine:DMF (20:80 v/v, 2.0mL). The mixture was periodically agitated for 3 minutes and then the solution was drained through the frit.To the reaction vessel was added piperidine:DMF (20:80 v/v, 2.0 mL). The mixture was periodically agitatedfor 3 minutes and then the solution was drained through the frit. The resin washed successively six times asfollows: for each wash, DMF (2.0 mL) was added to top of the vessel (not through the bottom frit) and theresulting mixture was periodically agitated for 30 seconds before the solution was drained through the frit. Tothe reaction vessel was added the amino acid (0.2M in DMF, 1.0 mL, 2 eq), then HATU (0.2M in DMF, 1.0mL, 2 eq), and finally DIPEA (0.4M in DMF, 1.0 mL, 4 eq). The mixture was periodically agitated for 15minutes, then the reaction solution was drained through the frit. The resin washed successively four times asfollows: for each wash, DMF (2.0 mL) was added to top of the vessel (not through the bottom frit) and theresulting mixture was periodically agitated for 30 seconds before the solution was drained through the frit. Tothe reaction vessel was added acetic anhydride (2.0 mL). The mixture was periodically agitated for 10minutes, then the solution was drained through the frit. The resin washed successively four times as follows:for each wash, DMF (2.0 mL) was added to top of the vessel (not through the bottom frit) and the resultingmixture was periodically agitated for 90 seconds before the solution was drained through the frit. Theresulting resin was used directly in the next step. |
[ 29022-11-5 ]
[ 68858-20-8 ]
[ 35661-60-0 ]
[ 35661-39-3 ]

[ 71989-31-6 ]
[ 35661-40-6 ]
[ 71989-33-8 ]
[ 71989-23-6 ]
[ 71989-38-3 ]
[ 71989-26-9 ]
[ 103213-32-7 ]
[ 71989-35-0 ]
[ 132388-59-1 ]
[ 132327-80-1 ]
[ 109425-51-6 ]

[ 198561-07-8 ]
[ 29022-11-5 ]
[ 68858-20-8 ]
[ 35661-60-0 ]
[ 35661-39-3 ]

[ 71989-31-6 ]
[ 35661-40-6 ]
[ 71989-33-8 ]
[ 71989-23-6 ]
[ 71989-38-3 ]
[ 71989-26-9 ]
[ 103213-32-7 ]
[ 71989-35-0 ]
[ 132388-59-1 ]
[ 132327-80-1 ]
[ 109425-51-6 ]

[ 198561-07-8 ]
[ 29022-11-5 ]
[ 68858-20-8 ]
[ 35661-60-0 ]
[ 35661-39-3 ]
[ 71989-31-6 ]
[ 35661-40-6 ]
[ 71989-33-8 ]
[ 71989-23-6 ]
[ 71989-38-3 ]
[ 71989-26-9 ]
[ 103213-32-7 ]
[ 71989-35-0 ]
[ 132388-59-1 ]
[ 132327-80-1 ]
[ 109425-51-6 ]

[ 198561-07-8 ]
[ 29022-11-5 ]
[ 68858-20-8 ]
[ 35661-60-0 ]
[ 35661-39-3 ]
[ 71989-31-6 ]
[ 35661-40-6 ]
[ 71989-33-8 ]
[ 71989-23-6 ]
[ 71989-38-3 ]
[ 71989-26-9 ]
[ 103213-32-7 ]
[ 71989-35-0 ]
[ 132388-59-1 ]
[ 132327-80-1 ]
[ 109425-51-6 ]

[ 198561-07-8 ]
[ 29022-11-5 ]
[ 68858-20-8 ]
[ 35661-60-0 ]
[ 35661-39-3 ]
[ 71989-31-6 ]
[ 35661-40-6 ]
[ 71989-33-8 ]
[ 71989-23-6 ]
[ 71989-38-3 ]
[ 71989-26-9 ]
[ 103213-32-7 ]
[ 71989-35-0 ]
[ 132388-59-1 ]
[ 132327-80-1 ]
[ 109425-51-6 ]

[ 198561-07-8 ]
[ 29022-11-5 ]
[ 68858-20-8 ]
[ 35661-60-0 ]
[ 35661-39-3 ]
[ 35661-40-6 ]
[ 71989-33-8 ]
[ 71989-14-5 ]
[ 71989-18-9 ]
[ 71989-38-3 ]
[ 71989-35-0 ]
[ 32926-43-5 ]
[ 68947-43-3 ]

[ 68858-20-8 ]
[ 35661-60-0 ]
[ 35661-39-3 ]


[ 71989-18-9 ]
[ 71989-38-3 ]
[ 103213-32-7 ]
| Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
|---|---|---|
| General procedure: The material was synthesized on a Protein Technologies Symphony X ® with amino acids dissolved in DMF at 0.5M. Fmoc-Cys(Trt)-OH was dissolved into a solution containing 0.5 M oxyma pure in DMF. HCTU was dissolved in NMP to 0.5 M, and a 1.0 M DIPEA in NMP was also used. DIC was dissolved in NMP to 0.5 M. Fmoc-deprotection was performed using a solution containing 20percent piperidine in DMF. [000159] To couple the peptide to the resin, Rink amide resin (0.2 mmol, 0.24 mmol/g) was treated with 20percent piperidine in DMF (3 x 6 mL, 3 min, 1 x 6 mL, 10 min). The resulting resin was washed with DMF (6 x 10 mL, 30 s). A solution containing Fmoc-Xaa-OH, HCTU, and DIPEA in NMP that has been pre-mixed for 30 seconds was added and the mixture was agitated for 30 minutes. The resin was filtered and washed once with NMP. A second solution containing Fmoc-Xaa-OH, HCTU, and DIPEA in NMP that has been pre-mixed for 30 seconds was added and the mixture was agitated again for 30 minutes. In the case of Fmoc-Cys(Trt)-OH, the amino acid/oxyma pure solution was mixed with DIC in NMP for 5 minutes, added to the resin, and agitated for 45 min. The resin was filtered and washed once with DMF. The resulting resin was filtered and washed with DMF (6 x 10 mL). The material was subjected to the aforementioned protocol and the peptide was elongated until macrocyclization. [000160] To couple the diamino acid, the resin was treated with 20percent piperidine in DMF (3 x 6 mL, 3 min, 1 x 6 mL, 10 min). The resulting resin was washed with DMF (6 x 10 mL, 30 s). A solution containing alloc-HCys((Fmoc-Ala-OH)-3-yl)-all (227 mg, 0.4 mmol), PyAOP (209 mg 0.4 mmol) and DIPEA (139mu1, 125 mg, 0.8mmol) in 5 mL of NMP was added to the resin. After 90 min, the resin was filtered and washed with DMF (6 x 10 mL). The peptide was then elongated using the aforementioned protocol. [000161] To perform Allyl-Alloc deprotection, the resin (0.2 mmol) was suspended in 10 mL of DMF and a solution containing Pd(PPh3)4 (300 mg, 0.26 mmol) in 10 mL of CH2C12 was added followed by 0.25 mL (2 mmol) of phenyl silane. The resulting mixture was shaken in the absence of light for 2 hours. A small sample was cleaved to ensure complete deprotection. The resulting resin was filtered and washed with CH2C12 (3 x 10 mL) and DMF (3x 10 mL). The resin was treated with a solution containing 0.5percent sodium diethyldithiocarbamate in DMF (10 mL, 4 x 15 min), and washed with DMF (3x 10 mL). [000162] To perform macrocyclization, the resin was treated with a 20percent piperidine in DMF solution (2 x 5 min, 1 x 10 min, 15 mL) and washed with DMF (6 x 15 mL). A solution containing 521 mg (1 mmol) of PyAOP in 15 mL of DMF was added and after 1 minute, 0.35 mL (2 mmol) of DIPEA was added and shaken for 60 minutes. A small sample was taken for analysis. The resulting resin was washed with DMF (3 x 15 mL) and placed back onto the SymphonyX to complete the synthesis. [000163] To cleave the peptide from the resin, the resin was treated with a solution containing 90:5:3:2 TFA-TIPS-DODT-H20 (20 mL). After 2 hours, the resin was filtered and washed with TFA (3 mL) and concentrated by 50percent. Cold (-78 °C) ether was added to the solution (50 mL) and the resulting mixture was centrifuged 3500 rpm for 10 minutes. The ether was decanted and the solid was subject to 2 additional washes and centrifuged with cold (-78 °C) ether. The resulting solid was dried under diminished pressure, dissolved into 1 : 1 H20-ACN, frozen and lyophilized. The peptides were then purified on a Waters autopure system using 0.1percent TFA in water and 0.1percent TFA in acetonitrile on a Waters PST CI 8 RP column (250 x 30 mm, 10 mu, 130 A) at a flow rate of 40 mL/min. A linear gradient was used 5-45percent acetonitrile over 40 or 60 minutes. Fractions containing the desired product were pooled and oxidized. |
[ 1266778-58-8 ]
[ 29022-11-5 ]
[ 35661-60-0 ]
[ 35661-40-6 ]
[ 71989-23-6 ]
[ 71989-38-3 ]
[ 71989-26-9 ]

[ 198561-07-8 ]
[ 29022-11-5 ]
[ 35661-60-0 ]
[ 71989-31-6 ]
[ 35661-40-6 ]
[ 71989-23-6 ]
[ 71989-38-3 ]
[ 71989-26-9 ]


[ 198561-07-8 ]
[ 29022-11-5 ]
[ 35661-60-0 ]
[ 71989-31-6 ]
[ 71989-23-6 ]
[ 71989-38-3 ]
[ 71989-26-9 ]


[ 198561-07-8 ]
[ 29022-11-5 ]
[ 35661-60-0 ]
[ 71989-31-6 ]
[ 71989-23-6 ]
[ 71989-38-3 ]
[ 71989-26-9 ]


[ 198561-07-8 ]
[ 29022-11-5 ]
[ 35661-60-0 ]
[ 71989-31-6 ]
[ 71989-23-6 ]
[ 71989-38-3 ]
[ 71989-26-9 ]

[ 198561-07-8 ]

[ 29022-11-5 ]
[ 68858-20-8 ]
[ 35661-60-0 ]
[ 35661-39-3 ]
[ 1315449-94-5 ]
[ 71989-31-6 ]
[ 35661-40-6 ]
[ 71989-33-8 ]
[ 71989-14-5 ]
[ 71989-18-9 ]
[ 71989-23-6 ]
[ 71989-38-3 ]
[ 71989-26-9 ]
[ 71989-35-0 ]
[ 132327-80-1 ]
[ 94744-50-0 ]
[ 143824-78-6 ]
| Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
|---|---|---|
| General procedure: Example 1 Synthesis of SEQ ID NO: 10 (0298) The solid phase synthesis was carried out on Rink-resin with a loading of 0.29 mmol/g, 75-150 mum from the company Agilent Technologies. The Fmoc-synthesis strategy was applied with HBTU/DIPEA-activation. The peptide was cleaved from the resin with King's cocktail (D. S. King, C. G. Fields, G. B. Fields, Int. J. Peptide Protein Res. 36, 1990, 255-266). The crude product was purified via preparative HPLC on a Waters column (XBridge, BEH130, Prep C18 5 muM) using an acetonitrile/water gradient (both buffers with 0.1% TFA). The purified peptide was analysed by LCMS (Method C4). Deconvolution of the mass signals found under the peak with retention time 9.55 min revealed the peptide mass 4164.1 which is in line with the expected value of 4163.7 The solid phase peptide syntheses were performed for example on a Prelude Peptide Synthesizer (Protein Technologies Inc) or similar automated synthesizer using standard Fmoc chemistry and HBTU/DIPEA activation. DMF was used as the solvent. Deprotection: 20% piperidine/DMF for 2×2.5 min. Washes: 7×DMF. Coupling 2:5:10 200 mM AA/500 mM HBTU/2M DIPEA in DMF 2× for 20 min. Washes: 5×DMF. (0251) All the peptides that had been synthesized were cleaved from the resin with King's cleavage cocktail consisting of 82.5% TFA, 5% phenol, 5% water, 5% thioanisole, 2.5% EDT. The crude peptides were then precipitated in diethyl or diisopropyl ether, centrifuged, and lyophilized. Peptides were analyzed by analytical HPLC and checked by ESI mass spectrometry. Crude peptides were purified by a conventional preparative HPLC purification procedure. |
[ 29022-11-5 ]

[ 35661-40-6 ]
[ 71989-23-6 ]
[ 71989-38-3 ]
[ 27486-87-9 ]
[ 159610-93-2 ]
[ 35661-39-3 ]

[ 35661-40-6 ]
[ 71989-38-3 ]
[ 4530-20-5 ]
[ 29022-11-5 ]
[ 68858-20-8 ]
[ 35661-39-3 ]
[ 71989-31-6 ]
[ 71989-18-9 ]
[ 71989-38-3 ]
[ 71989-26-9 ]
[ 71989-35-0 ]
[ 132388-59-1 ]
[ 77128-73-5 ]
[ 143824-78-6 ]
[ 1620146-28-2 ]| Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
|---|---|---|
| 21% | General procedure: Solid-phase peptide synthesis was carried out on Fmoc-cappedpolystyrene rink amide MBHA resin (100-200 mesh, 0.05-0.15 mmol scale). The following amino acidderivatives suitable for Fmoc SPPS were used: Fmoc-Cys(Trt)-OH, Fmoc-Gly-OH, Fmoc-Glu(tBu)-OH,Fmoc-Trp(Boc)-OH, Fmoc-Ala-OH, Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-Asn(Trt)-OH, Fmoc-Pro-OH, Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-OH, Fmoc-Phe-OH, Fmoc-Val-OH, Fmoc-aPhe-OH, Fmoc-aVal-OH,Fmoc-aTyr(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-(N-Me)-Phe-OH, Fmoc-D-Ser(TBS)-OH, Fmoc-D-hSer(TBS)-OH, Boc-Gly-OH. Dry resin was washed with DMF 3x and allowed to swell in DMF for 2 h prior to use. Allreactions were carried out using gentle agitation. Fmoc deprotection steps were carried out by treating theresin with a solution of 20percent piperidine/DMF (15 min x 2). Coupling of Fmoc-protected amino acids aswell as (N2-Boc)-hydrazino acids was effected using 5 equiv. HATU (0.5 M in DMF), 10 equiv. DIEA(1.0 M in DMF), and 5 equiv. of the carboxylic acid in DMF at 50 oC (1 h). Coupling of residues Nterminalto the hydrazino acids was carried out with 30 equiv. collidine and 10 equiv. of pre-formed Fmocamino acid chlorides (or 10 equiv. of Fmoc amino acids with 3.3 equiv. triphosgene) in THF at rt (1 h x2).3 After each reaction the resin was washed with DMF 2x, DCM 1x, then DMF 1x. Peptides undergoingMitsunobu reactions were capped with Boc-Gly-OH, washed with DCM 3x, and treated with 5 equiv.TBAF in THF for 3 h at rt. After the reaction the resin was washed with DCM 3x and then treated with 5equiv. triphenylphosphine in THF followed by 5 equiv. of DIAD, then strirred overnight at rt. Peptideswere cleaved from the resin by incubating with gentle stirring in 2 mL of 95:5 TFA:H2O at rt for 2 h. Thecleavage mixture was filtered and the resin was rinsed with an additional 1 mL of cleavage solution. Thefiltrate was treated with 8 mL of cold Et2O to induce precipitation. The mixture was centrifuged and thesupernatant was removed. The remaining solid was washed 2 more times with Et2O and dried undervacuum. Cysteine-containing peptides were purified, lyophilized, dissolved in 10mM phosphate buffer(pH 8.9, 5percent v/v DMSO), stirred until analytical HPLC and MS showed complete conversion to the cyclicdisulfide (1-2 d), and then repurified. Peptides were analyzed and purified on C12 RP-HPLC columns(preparative: 4mu, 90A, 250 x 21.2 mm; analytical: 4mu, 90A, 150 x 4.6 mm) using linear gradients ofMeCN/H2O (with 0.1percent formic acid), then lyophilized to afford white powders. All peptides werecharacterized by LCMS (ESI), HRMS (ESI-TOF), and 1H NMR. Analytical HPLC samples for all purifiedpeptides were prepared as 1 mM in H2O containing 20 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.0. Linear gradientsof MeCN in H2O (0.1percent formic acid) were run over 20 minutes and spectra are provided for lambda = 220 nm. |
[ 29022-11-5 ]
[ 68858-20-8 ]
[ 35661-60-0 ]
[ 35661-39-3 ]

[ 35661-40-6 ]
[ 71989-33-8 ]
[ 71989-18-9 ]
[ 71989-23-6 ]
[ 71989-38-3 ]
[ 71989-35-0 ]
[ 132327-80-1 ]
[ 57-10-3 ]
[ 32926-43-5 ]
[ 143824-78-6 ]


| Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
|---|---|---|
| General procedure: The Wang resin (0.3 -0.6 mmol/g, loading capacity) was loaded to peptide synthesis vessel, washed twice with 10 v of MDC, decanted the washings, added 10 v of MDC and kept for swelling for 1 h. Fmoc-Gly-OH (3.0 - 5.0 eq.) was dissolved in MDC, added minimum quantity of DMF to obtain clear solution and the mixture was transferred to reaction vessel. Added DIPC (3.0 - 6.0 eq.) followed by DMAP (0.01- 0.1 eq.) to the reaction vessel and stirred for 1.0? 3.0 h, at rt. Drained the reaction mass and washed the amino acid loaded resin twice with MDC followed by DMF. Capping of the unreacted functional sites were carried out using acetic anhydride and DIPEA. Fmoc-deprotection of the loaded amino acid was carried out by washing the resin using 15-25 percent piperidine in DMF two times for 5 and 10 min. followed by the resin was washed with 3-5*8 v 0.01? 0.1 M HOBt in DMF. The Fmoc-Arg(Pbf)-OH (2.0? 4.0 eq.), was coupled using coupling agents such as HBTU, COMU, DEPBT, and DIC, preferably DEPBT (2.0 - 4.0 eq.) and oxymapure, HOBt, preferably oxymapure (2.0? 4.0 eq.) and DIPEA, NMM, TMP, preferably DIPEA (5.0 -8.0 eq.) and MgCl2, ZnCl2, preferably MgCl2 (0.01? 0.1 eq) and DMF/NMP mixture as solvent. The reaction was performed in nitrogen atmosphere and r.t. Upon completion of coupling of the amino acid confirmed by Kaiser Test, the excess reagents were drained and washed the peptidyl resin with 3 x 10 v DMF |
[ 536721-25-2 ]
[ 29022-11-5 ]
[ 68858-20-8 ]
[ 35661-60-0 ]
[ 35661-39-3 ]

[ 35661-40-6 ]
[ 71989-33-8 ]
[ 71989-18-9 ]
[ 71989-23-6 ]
[ 71989-38-3 ]
[ 71989-35-0 ]
[ 132327-80-1 ]
[ 32926-43-5 ]
[ 143824-78-6 ]


| Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
|---|---|---|
| General procedure: The Wang resin (0.3 -0.6 mmol/g, loading capacity) was loaded to peptide synthesis vessel, washed twice with 10 v of MDC, decanted the washings, added 10 v of MDC and kept for swelling for 1 h. Fmoc-Gly-OH (3.0 - 5.0 eq.) was dissolved in MDC, added minimum quantity of DMF to obtain clear solution and the mixture was transferred to reaction vessel. Added DIPC (3.0 - 6.0 eq.) followed by DMAP (0.01- 0.1 eq.) to the reaction vessel and stirred for 1.0? 3.0 h, at rt. Drained the reaction mass and washed the amino acid loaded resin twice with MDC followed by DMF. Capping of the unreacted functional sites were carried out using acetic anhydride and DIPEA. Fmoc-deprotection of the loaded amino acid was carried out by washing the resin using 15-25 percent piperidine in DMF two times for 5 and 10 min. followed by the resin was washed with 3-5*8 v 0.01? 0.1 M HOBt in DMF. The Fmoc-Arg(Pbf)-OH (2.0? 4.0 eq.), was coupled using coupling agents such as HBTU, COMU, DEPBT, and DIC, preferably DEPBT (2.0 - 4.0 eq.) and oxymapure, HOBt, preferably oxymapure (2.0? 4.0 eq.) and DIPEA, NMM, TMP, preferably DIPEA (5.0 -8.0 eq.) and MgCl2, ZnCl2, preferably MgCl2 (0.01? 0.1 eq) and DMF/NMP mixture as solvent. The reaction was performed in nitrogen atmosphere and r.t. Upon completion of coupling of the amino acid confirmed by Kaiser Test, the excess reagents were drained and washed the peptidyl resin with 3 x 10 v DMF |

[ 6089-09-4 ]
[ 35737-10-1 ]
[ 35661-40-6 ]
[ 71989-18-9 ]
[ 129460-09-9 ]
[ 71989-38-3 ]
[ 103213-32-7 ]
[ 35661-38-2 ]
[ 132388-59-1 ]
[ 96402-49-2 ]
[ 77128-70-2 ]
[ 162558-25-0 ]
| Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
|---|---|---|
| General procedure: Peptide synthesis was based on Fmoc chemistry, using a Symphony peptide synthesiser manufactured by Peptide Instruments and a Syro II synthesiser by MultiSynTech. Standard Fmoc- amino acids were employed (Sigma, Merck), with the following side chain protecting groups: Arg(Pbf); Asn(Trt); Asp(OtBu); Cys(Trt); GIu(OtBu); Gln(Trt); His(Trt); Lys(Boc); Ser(tBu); Thr(tBu); Trp(Boc); and Tyr(tBu) (Sigma). The coupling reagent was HCTU (Pepceuticals), diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA, Sigma) was employed as a base, and deprotection was achieved with 20percent piperidine in DMF (AGTC). Syntheses were performed using 0.37 mmol/gr Fmoc-Rink amide AM resin (AGTC), Fmoc-amino acids were utilised at a four-fold excess, and base was at a four-fold excess with respect to the amino acids. Amino acids were dissolved at 0.2M in DMSO, HCTU at 0.4M in DMF, and DIPEA at 1.6M in N-methylpyrrolidone (Alfa Aesar). Conditions were such that coupling reactions contained between 20 to 50percent DMSO in DMF, which reduced aggregation and deletions during the solid phase synthesis and enhanced yields. Coupling times were generally 30 minutes, and deprotection times 2 x 5 minutes. Fmoc-N-methylglycine (Fmoc- Sar-OH, Merck) was coupled for 1 hr, and deprotection and coupling times for the following residue were 20 min and 1 hr, respectively. After synthesis, the resin was washed with dichloromethane, and dried. Cleavage of side-chain protecting groups and from the support was effected using 10 mL of 95:2.5:2.5:2.5 v/v/v/w TFA/H20/iPr3SiH/dithiothreitol for 3 hours. Following cleavage, the spent resin was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was added to 35 mL of diethylether that had been cooled at -80°C. Peptide pellet was centrifuged, the etheric supernatant discarded, and the peptide pellet washed with cold ether two more times. Peptides were then resolubilised in 5-10 mL acetonitrile-water and lyophilised. A small sample was removed for analysis of purity of the crude product by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF, Voyager DE from Applied Biosystems). Following lyophilisation, peptide powders were taken up in 10 mL 6 M guanidinium hydrochloride in H20, supplemented with 0.5 mL of 1 M dithiothreitol, and loaded onto a C8 Luna preparative HPLC column (Phenomenex). Solvents (H20, acetonitrile) were acidified with 0.1 percent heptafluorobutyric acid. The gradient ranged from 30-70 percent acetonitrile in 15 minutes, at a flowrate of 15-20 mL /min, using a Gilson preparative HPLC system. Fractions containing pure linear peptide material (as identified by MALDI) were used for preparation of the bicycle derivatives by coupling to a scaffold molecule as described further below.A bicycle peptide designated 17-69-07-N434 was made corresponding to the bicycle peptide of Example lwith an N-terminal SarlO spacer similar to that of Reference Example 1, and conjugating group PYA (4-pentynoic acid, for "click" derivatisation with toxin). The structure of this derivative is shown schematically in Fig. 5. The linear peptide used to form this bicycle was as follows:(PYA)-(B-Ala)-SarlO-A(Dap)(D-Ala)NE(lNal)(D-Ala)CEDFYD(tBuGly)(Dap)The linear peptide and the bicycle peptide had the following LCMS Characteristics: |

[ 35661-40-6 ]
[ 71989-18-9 ]
[ 129460-09-9 ]
[ 71989-38-3 ]
[ 103213-32-7 ]
[ 35661-38-2 ]
[ 132388-59-1 ]
[ 96402-49-2 ]
[ 77128-70-2 ]
[ 162558-25-0 ]
| Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
|---|---|---|
| General procedure: Peptide synthesis was based on Fmoc chemistry, using a Symphony peptide synthesiser manufactured by Peptide Instruments and a Syro II synthesiser by MultiSynTech. Standard Fmoc- amino acids were employed (Sigma, Merck), with the following side chain protecting groups: Arg(Pbf); Asn(Trt); Asp(OtBu); Cys(Trt); GIu(OtBu); Gln(Trt); His(Trt); Lys(Boc); Ser(tBu); Thr(tBu); Trp(Boc); and Tyr(tBu) (Sigma). The coupling reagent was HCTU (Pepceuticals), diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA, Sigma) was employed as a base, and deprotection was achieved with 20percent piperidine in DMF (AGTC). Syntheses were performed using 0.37 mmol/gr Fmoc-Rink amide AM resin (AGTC), Fmoc-amino acids were utilised at a four-fold excess, and base was at a four-fold excess with respect to the amino acids. Amino acids were dissolved at 0.2M in DMSO, HCTU at 0.4M in DMF, and DIPEA at 1.6M in N-methylpyrrolidone (Alfa Aesar). Conditions were such that coupling reactions contained between 20 to 50percent DMSO in DMF, which reduced aggregation and deletions during the solid phase synthesis and enhanced yields. Coupling times were generally 30 minutes, and deprotection times 2 x 5 minutes. Fmoc-N-methylglycine (Fmoc- Sar-OH, Merck) was coupled for 1 hr, and deprotection and coupling times for the following residue were 20 min and 1 hr, respectively. After synthesis, the resin was washed with dichloromethane, and dried. Cleavage of side-chain protecting groups and from the support was effected using 10 mL of 95:2.5:2.5:2.5 v/v/v/w TFA/H20/iPr3SiH/dithiothreitol for 3 hours. Following cleavage, the spent resin was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was added to 35 mL of diethylether that had been cooled at -80°C. Peptide pellet was centrifuged, the etheric supernatant discarded, and the peptide pellet washed with cold ether two more times. Peptides were then resolubilised in 5-10 mL acetonitrile-water and lyophilised. A small sample was removed for analysis of purity of the crude product by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF, Voyager DE from Applied Biosystems). Following lyophilisation, peptide powders were taken up in 10 mL 6 M guanidinium hydrochloride in H20, supplemented with 0.5 mL of 1 M dithiothreitol, and loaded onto a C8 Luna preparative HPLC column (Phenomenex). Solvents (H20, acetonitrile) were acidified with 0.1 percent heptafluorobutyric acid. The gradient ranged from 30-70 percent acetonitrile in 15 minutes, at a flowrate of 15-20 mL /min, using a Gilson preparative HPLC system. Fractions containing pure linear peptide material (as identified by MALDI) were used for preparation of the bicycle derivatives by coupling to a scaffold molecule as described further below.A bicycle peptide designated 17-69-07-N385 was made corresponding to the bicycle region of the peptide ligand of Reference Example 1, minus the b-Ala -SarlO tail, and with replacement of the first and third cysteine residues by DAP residues forming alkylamino linkages to the TBMB scaffold. The structure of this derivative is shown schematically in Fig. 3.The linear peptide used to form this bicycle was as follows:Ac-A(Dap)(D-Ala)NE(lNal)(D-Ala)CEDFYD(tBuGly)(Dap)The linear peptide and the bicycle peptide had the following LCMS Characteristics: |

[ 35661-39-3 ]
[ 35737-10-1 ]
[ 35661-40-6 ]
[ 71989-18-9 ]
[ 129460-09-9 ]
[ 71989-38-3 ]
[ 103213-32-7 ]
[ 35661-38-2 ]
[ 132388-59-1 ]
[ 96402-49-2 ]
| Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
|---|---|---|
| General procedure: Peptide synthesis was based on Fmoc chemistry, using a Symphony peptide synthesiser manufactured by Peptide Instruments and a Syro II synthesiser by MultiSynTech. Standard Fmoc- amino acids were employed (Sigma, Merck), with the following side chain protecting groups: Arg(Pbf); Asn(Trt); Asp(OtBu); Cys(Trt); GIu(OtBu); Gln(Trt); His(Trt); Lys(Boc); Ser(tBu); Thr(tBu); Trp(Boc); and Tyr(tBu) (Sigma). The coupling reagent was HCTU (Pepceuticals), diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA, Sigma) was employed as a base, and deprotection was achieved with 20percent piperidine in DMF (AGTC). Syntheses were performed using 0.37 mmol/gr Fmoc-Rink amide AM resin (AGTC), Fmoc-amino acids were utilised at a four-fold excess, and base was at a four-fold excess with respect to the amino acids. Amino acids were dissolved at 0.2M in DMSO, HCTU at 0.4M in DMF, and DIPEA at 1.6M in N-methylpyrrolidone (Alfa Aesar). Conditions were such that coupling reactions contained between 20 to 50percent DMSO in DMF, which reduced aggregation and deletions during the solid phase synthesis and enhanced yields. Coupling times were generally 30 minutes, and deprotection times 2 x 5 minutes. Fmoc-N-methylglycine (Fmoc- Sar-OH, Merck) was coupled for 1 hr, and deprotection and coupling times for the following residue were 20 min and 1 hr, respectively. After synthesis, the resin was washed with dichloromethane, and dried. Cleavage of side-chain protecting groups and from the support was effected using 10 mL of 95:2.5:2.5:2.5 v/v/v/w TFA/H20/iPr3SiH/dithiothreitol for 3 hours. Following cleavage, the spent resin was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was added to 35 mL of diethylether that had been cooled at -80°C. Peptide pellet was centrifuged, the etheric supernatant discarded, and the peptide pellet washed with cold ether two more times. Peptides were then resolubilised in 5-10 mL acetonitrile-water and lyophilised. A small sample was removed for analysis of purity of the crude product by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF, Voyager DE from Applied Biosystems). Following lyophilisation, peptide powders were taken up in 10 mL 6 M guanidinium hydrochloride in H20, supplemented with 0.5 mL of 1 M dithiothreitol, and loaded onto a C8 Luna preparative HPLC column (Phenomenex). Solvents (H20, acetonitrile) were acidified with 0.1 percent heptafluorobutyric acid. The gradient ranged from 30-70 percent acetonitrile in 15 minutes, at a flowrate of 15-20 mL /min, using a Gilson preparative HPLC system. Fractions containing pure linear peptide material (as identified by MALDI) were used for preparation of the bicycle derivatives by coupling to a scaffold molecule as described further below.The Bicyclic Peptide chosen for comparison of thioether to alkylamino scaffold linkage was designated 17-69-07-N241. It is a bicycle conjugate of a thioether- forming peptide with a trimethylene benzene scaffold. The structure of this bicycle derivative is shown schematically in Fig. 2. The linear peptide before conjugation has sequence:H-( -Ala)-SarlO-Ala-Cys-(D-Ala)-Asn-Glu-(lNal)-(D-Ala)-Cys-Glu-Asp-Phe-Tyr-Asp-(tBuGly)- Cys-NH2 |

[ 35661-39-3 ]
[ 35661-40-6 ]
[ 71989-18-9 ]
[ 129460-09-9 ]
[ 108-24-7 ]
[ 71989-38-3 ]
[ 103213-32-7 ]
[ 35661-38-2 ]
[ 132388-59-1 ]
[ 96402-49-2 ]

| Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
|---|---|---|
| General procedure: Peptide synthesis was based on Fmoc chemistry, using a Symphony peptide synthesiser manufactured by Peptide Instruments and a Syro II synthesiser by MultiSynTech. Standard Fmoc- amino acids were employed (Sigma, Merck), with the following side chain protecting groups: Arg(Pbf); Asn(Trt); Asp(OtBu); Cys(Trt); GIu(OtBu); Gln(Trt); His(Trt); Lys(Boc); Ser(tBu); Thr(tBu); Trp(Boc); and Tyr(tBu) (Sigma). The coupling reagent was HCTU (Pepceuticals), diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA, Sigma) was employed as a base, and deprotection was achieved with 20percent piperidine in DMF (AGTC). Syntheses were performed using 0.37 mmol/gr Fmoc-Rink amide AM resin (AGTC), Fmoc-amino acids were utilised at a four-fold excess, and base was at a four-fold excess with respect to the amino acids. Amino acids were dissolved at 0.2M in DMSO, HCTU at 0.4M in DMF, and DIPEA at 1.6M in N-methylpyrrolidone (Alfa Aesar). Conditions were such that coupling reactions contained between 20 to 50percent DMSO in DMF, which reduced aggregation and deletions during the solid phase synthesis and enhanced yields. Coupling times were generally 30 minutes, and deprotection times 2 x 5 minutes. Fmoc-N-methylglycine (Fmoc- Sar-OH, Merck) was coupled for 1 hr, and deprotection and coupling times for the following residue were 20 min and 1 hr, respectively. After synthesis, the resin was washed with dichloromethane, and dried. Cleavage of side-chain protecting groups and from the support was effected using 10 mL of 95:2.5:2.5:2.5 v/v/v/w TFA/H20/iPr3SiH/dithiothreitol for 3 hours. Following cleavage, the spent resin was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was added to 35 mL of diethylether that had been cooled at -80°C. Peptide pellet was centrifuged, the etheric supernatant discarded, and the peptide pellet washed with cold ether two more times. Peptides were then resolubilised in 5-10 mL acetonitrile-water and lyophilised. A small sample was removed for analysis of purity of the crude product by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF, Voyager DE from Applied Biosystems). Following lyophilisation, peptide powders were taken up in 10 mL 6 M guanidinium hydrochloride in H20, supplemented with 0.5 mL of 1 M dithiothreitol, and loaded onto a C8 Luna preparative HPLC column (Phenomenex). Solvents (H20, acetonitrile) were acidified with 0.1 percent heptafluorobutyric acid. The gradient ranged from 30-70 percent acetonitrile in 15 minutes, at a flowrate of 15-20 mL /min, using a Gilson preparative HPLC system. Fractions containing pure linear peptide material (as identified by MALDI) were used for preparation of the bicycle derivatives by coupling to a scaffold molecule as described further below.A bicycle peptide designated 17-69-07-N426 was made corresponding to the bicycle peptide of Example lwith replacement of the DAP residues by N-MeDAP residues. The structure of this derivative is shown schematically in Fig. 4. The linear peptide used to form this bicycle was as follows:Ac-A(Dap(Me))(D-Ala)NE(lNal)(D-Ala)CEDFYD(tBuGly)(Dap(Me))The linear peptide and the bicycle peptide had the following LCMS Characteristics: |

[ 35661-39-3 ]
[ 35661-40-6 ]
[ 71989-18-9 ]
[ 129460-09-9 ]
[ 108-24-7 ]
[ 71989-38-3 ]
[ 35661-38-2 ]
[ 132388-59-1 ]
[ 96402-49-2 ]

| Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
|---|---|---|
| General procedure: Peptide synthesis was based on Fmoc chemistry, using a Symphony peptide synthesiser manufactured by Peptide Instruments and a Syro II synthesiser by MultiSynTech. Standard Fmoc- amino acids were employed (Sigma, Merck), with the following side chain protecting groups: Arg(Pbf); Asn(Trt); Asp(OtBu); Cys(Trt); GIu(OtBu); Gln(Trt); His(Trt); Lys(Boc); Ser(tBu); Thr(tBu); Trp(Boc); and Tyr(tBu) (Sigma). The coupling reagent was HCTU (Pepceuticals), diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA, Sigma) was employed as a base, and deprotection was achieved with 20percent piperidine in DMF (AGTC). Syntheses were performed using 0.37 mmol/gr Fmoc-Rink amide AM resin (AGTC), Fmoc-amino acids were utilised at a four-fold excess, and base was at a four-fold excess with respect to the amino acids. Amino acids were dissolved at 0.2M in DMSO, HCTU at 0.4M in DMF, and DIPEA at 1.6M in N-methylpyrrolidone (Alfa Aesar). Conditions were such that coupling reactions contained between 20 to 50percent DMSO in DMF, which reduced aggregation and deletions during the solid phase synthesis and enhanced yields. Coupling times were generally 30 minutes, and deprotection times 2 x 5 minutes. Fmoc-N-methylglycine (Fmoc- Sar-OH, Merck) was coupled for 1 hr, and deprotection and coupling times for the following residue were 20 min and 1 hr, respectively. After synthesis, the resin was washed with dichloromethane, and dried. Cleavage of side-chain protecting groups and from the support was effected using 10 mL of 95:2.5:2.5:2.5 v/v/v/w TFA/H20/iPr3SiH/dithiothreitol for 3 hours. Following cleavage, the spent resin was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was added to 35 mL of diethylether that had been cooled at -80°C. Peptide pellet was centrifuged, the etheric supernatant discarded, and the peptide pellet washed with cold ether two more times. Peptides were then resolubilised in 5-10 mL acetonitrile-water and lyophilised. A small sample was removed for analysis of purity of the crude product by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF, Voyager DE from Applied Biosystems). Following lyophilisation, peptide powders were taken up in 10 mL 6 M guanidinium hydrochloride in H20, supplemented with 0.5 mL of 1 M dithiothreitol, and loaded onto a C8 Luna preparative HPLC column (Phenomenex). Solvents (H20, acetonitrile) were acidified with 0.1 percent heptafluorobutyric acid. The gradient ranged from 30-70 percent acetonitrile in 15 minutes, at a flowrate of 15-20 mL /min, using a Gilson preparative HPLC system. Fractions containing pure linear peptide material (as identified by MALDI) were used for preparation of the bicycle derivatives by coupling to a scaffold molecule as described further below.A bicycle peptide designated 17-69-07-N474 was made corresponding to the bicycle peptide of Example 1 with replacement of the Cys6 by Dap(Me). The linear peptide used to form this bicycle was as follows: Ac-A(Dap(Me))(D-Ala)NE(lNal)(D-Ala)(Dap(Me))EDFYD(tBuGly)(Dap(Me))The structure of the TBMB derivative with the N385 peptide is shown schematically in Fig. 10. |
[ 35661-60-0 ]
[ 71989-31-6 ]
[ 108-24-7 ]
[ 71989-23-6 ]
[ 71989-38-3 ]

[ 147290-11-7 ]
| Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
|---|---|---|
| Synthesis typically took place at 0.05 mmol scale on Rink Amide AM resin (low loading, 0.4 mmol/g). Linear synthesis of the peptide was done by using 4 eq amino acid, 4 eq PyBOP and 8 eq of DIPEA in 1.25 mL of DMF for each coupling reaction. Fmoc deprotection was done by adding 1.25 mL of 20% piperidine in DMF and shaking for 5 min followed by addition of fresh reagents and shaking for 10 min. The N-terminus was acetylated by addition of 10 eq Ac2O and 10 eq of DIPEA in 1.25 mL DMF for 30 min. At this stage the method was largely adapted from Ref. [37]. With the linear synthesis completed the alloc groupwas removed bywashing the resin with anhydrous CH2Cl2 (2 x 1.25 mL) and resuspending the resin in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (1.25 mL) followed by addition of PhSiH3 (154 muL; 1.24 mmol; 24.8 eq) and Pd(PPh3)4 (14.4 mg; 0.0125 mmol; 0.25 eq). After shaking for 1 h under inert atmosphere, fresh reagents were added and the reaction repeated. The resin was washed with CH2Cl2 (2 x 1.25 mL), DMF (2 x 1.25 mL), 0.5% sodium diethyldithiocarbamate in DMF (4 x 1.25 mL) and DMF (2 x 1.25 mL). The liberated amine was then converted to the isothiocyanate by addition of CS2 (1.0 mL) and DMF (0.5 mL) followed by PyBOP (104 mg; 0.2 mmol; 4 eq) and DIPEA (104.5 muL; 0.6 mmol; 12 eq). After shaking for 30 min the resin was washed with DMF (4 x 1.25 mL) and CH2Cl2 (5 x 1.25 mL). Mtt removal was performed by treating the resin with AcOH/TFE/CH2Cl2 (1:2:7, 1.25 mL) 6 times for 20 min. The resin was washed with CH2Cl2 (4 x 1.25 mL) and DMF (2 x 1.25 mL) followed by resuspension in DMF (1.25) and addition of DIPEA (51.7 muL; 0.4 mmol; 8 eq) to form the thiourea. The mixture was bubbled through with argon for 1 h and then washed with DMF (4 x 1.25 mL). The resin was then suspended in 0.2M methyliodide in DMF (1.25 mL) and shaken for 20 min. The treatment was repeated for a total of five times and then washed with DMF (2 x 1.25 mL), CH2Cl2 (2 x 1.25 mL) and diethyl ether (2 x 1.25 mL) followed by drying under vacuum. The dry resin was transferred to a roundbottom flask and DMSO (2 mL) was added. After stirring for 15 min ammonium acetate (154 mg; 2 mmol; 40 eq) and N-methylmorpholine (219 muL; 2 mmol; 40 eq) were added and the mixture was stirred at 80 C for 16 h. After completion of the solid-phase synthesis the peptides were cleaved using a TFA/TIPS/H2O (95:2.5:2.5, 1 mL) and precipitated in cold diethyl ether (20 mL). The precipitate was collected by centrifugation (3500 rpm, 4 C, 5 min) and washed twice more with cold ether. The pellet was then lyophilized to yield the crude peptide. Crude peptides were purified using a C18 column eluting with a gradient of 15-60% buffer B at a flow of 20 mL/min (buffer A: H2O + 0.1% TFA, Buffer B: MeCN + 0.1% TFA). Product containing fractions were pooled and lyophilized. |
[ 29022-11-5 ]
[ 35661-39-3 ]
[ 13726-84-6 ]
[ 71989-14-5 ]
[ 71989-38-3 ]
[ 71989-28-1 ]
[ 76-05-1 ]
[ 143824-78-6 ]

| Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
|---|---|---|
| 43% | General procedure: Peptides were synthesized by solid-phase peptide synthesis using the Fmoc/iBu-orthogonal strategy on a 2-chlorotritly chloride resin (100-200 mesh, 1% DVB, 1.6 mmol-g 1) or a Fmoc- Rink-Amid-2CT resin (200-400 mesh, 1 % DVB, 0.68 mmol-g 1). A peptide synthesis vessel was charged with 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin and DCM (30 ml. g 1 resin). The suspension was shaken with the aid of a Heidolph Vibramax 100 for 30 min at 23 C. The liquid was removed via vacuum filtration, and a solution of Fmoc-protected amino acid (4.00 equiv) and DIPEA (10.0 equiv) in DCM (30 ml. g 1 resin) was added into the peptide synthesis vessel. The resulting suspension was shaken for 15 hours at 23 C, and then the liquid was removed via vacuum filtration. The resin was washed with DCM (3 * 20 ml. g 1 resin * 2 min), and a solution of DIPEA, MeOH, and DCM (1 :2:17, v:v:v, 30 ml. g 1 resin) was added into the peptide synthesis vessel. The suspension was shaken for 1 hour at 23 C, and then the resin was washed sequentially with DMF (2 * 20 ml. g 1 resin), DCM (2 * 20 ml. g 1 resin), MeOH (2 * 20 ml. g 1 resin), and Et20 (2 * 20 ml. g 1 resin). The resin was dried under vacuum, and the loading efficiency was determined by UV-vis spectroscopy at 289.8 nm.9 General washing procedure: Into the peptide synthesis vessel containing resin was added the stated washing-solvent (20 ml. g 1 resin). The suspension was shaken for 2 minutes at 23 C, and then the liquid was removed via vacuum filtration. Into the peptide synthesis vessel containing resin-bound Fmoc-protected peptide was added 20% piperidine in DMF (v:v, 20 ml. g 1 resin), and the suspension was shaken for 5 minutes at 23 C. Then the liquid was removed via vacuum filtration. This deprotection sequence was repeated once, and then the resin was washed with DMF (3 x 20 ml. g 1 resin* 2 min). A round-bottom flask equipped with a Teflon-coated magnetic stirring bar was charged with Fmoc-protected amino acid (Fmoc-(AA)-OH, 4.00 equiv), HBTU (3.90 equiv), HOBt hydrate (3.90 equiv), DIPEA (8.00 equiv), and DMF (10 mL g 1 resin). The solution was stirred for 15 minutes at 23 C and was then added into the peptide synthesis vessel. The vessel was shaken for 90 minutes at 23 C, and then the liquid was removed via vacuum filtration. The resin was washed with DMF (3 x 10 ml_-g 1 resin x 2 min). A round-bottom flask equipped with a Teflon-coated magnetic stirring bar was charged with [Fmoc-Tyr(RuCp)-OH]-CF3C02 (S3) (2.00 equiv), HBTU (1.90 equiv), HOBt hydrate (1.90 equiv), DIPEA (16.0 equiv), and DMF (10 ml_-g 1 resin). The solution was stirred for 1 minute at 23 C and was then added into the peptide synthesis vessel. The vessel was shaken for 2 h at 23 C, and then the liquid was removed via vacuum filtration. The resin was washed with DMF (3 x 10 ml. g 1 resin x 2 min). The resin was washed with DCM (3 x 20 mL g 1 resin x 2 min). Then a solution of 20% of hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) in DCM (v:v) (50 mL g 1 resin) was added to the resin, and the suspension was shaken for 20 minutes at 23 C. The liquid was collected via vacuum filtration, and a solution of 20% of HFIP in DCM (v:v, 50 mL g 1 resin) was added to the resin, and the suspension was shaken for 50 minutes at 23 C. The liquid was collected via vacuum filtration, and the combined organic layers were concentrated in vacuo to dryness and were analyzed via LC-MS. |
[ 2424-92-2 ]
[ 1172127-44-4 ]
[ 29022-11-5 ]
[ 35661-60-0 ]
[ 35661-39-3 ]

[ 84793-07-7 ]
[ 71989-31-6 ]
[ 35661-40-6 ]
[ 71989-33-8 ]
[ 71989-14-5 ]
[ 71989-18-9 ]
[ 71989-23-6 ]
[ 71989-38-3 ]
[ 71989-35-0 ]
[ 47375-34-8 ]
[ 94744-50-0 ]
[ 104091-08-9 ]
[ 76-05-1 ]

[ 166108-71-0 ]

| Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
|---|---|---|
| General procedure: The peptide backbone of Peptide 1 is synthesized usingFluorenylrnethyloxycarbonyi (Fmoe)/tert-Butyl (t-Bu) chemistry on a Symphony X peptide synthesizer (Gyros Protein Technologies. Tucson, AZ).The resin consists of 1% DVB cross-linked polystyrene (Fmoc-Rink-MBHA Low Loading resin, 100-200 mesh, EMD Millipore) at a substitution of 0.3-0.4 meq/g.Standard side-chain protecting groups were used. Fmoc-Lys(Mtt)-OH is used for the lysine at position 17 and Boc-Tyr(tBu)-QH) was used for the tyrosine at position 1. Frnoc groups are removed prior to each coupling step (2 x 7 minutes) using 20% piperidine in DMF. All standard amino acid couplings are performed for 1 hour to a primary amine and 3 hour to a secondary amine, using an equal molar ratio of Fmoc amino acid (0.3 mM), diisopropyicarbodiimide (0.9 mM) and Qxyma (0.9 mM), at a 9-fold molar excess over the theoretical peptide loading. Exceptions are couplings to C -methylated amino acids, which are coupled for 3 hours. After completion of the synthesis of the peptide backbone, the resin is thoroughly washed with DCM for 6 times to remove residual DMF. The Mtt protecting group on the lysine at position 17 is selectively removed from the peptide resin using two treatments of 30% hexafuoroisopropanol (Oakwood Chemicals) in DCM (2 x 40-minute treatment).Subsequent attachment of the fatty acid-linker moiety is accomplished by coupling of 2-[2-(2-Fmoc-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetic acid (Fmoc-AEEA-OH, ChemPep, hie.), Fmoe-glutamie acid or-t-butyl ester (Fmoc-Glu-OtBu, Ark Pharm, Inc.), eicosanedioic acid (WuXi AppTec, Shanghai, China). 3-Fold excess of reagents (AA: PyAQP: DIPEAM : 1 : 1 mol/mol) are used for each coupling that is I -hour long.After the synthesis is complete, the peptide resin is washed with DCM, and then thoroughly air-dried. The dry' resin is treated with 10 mL of cleavage cocktail(trifuoroaeetie acid: water: triisopropylsilane, 95:2,5:2.5 v/v) for 2 hours at room temperature. The resin is filtered off, washed twice each with 2 mL of neat T'FA, and the combined filtrates are treated with 5-fold excess volume of cold diethyl ether (-20C) to precipitate the crude peptide. The peptide/ether suspension is then centrifuged at 3500 rpm for 2 min to form a solid pellet, the supernatant is decanted, and the solid pellet is triturated with ether two additional times and dried in vacuo. The crude peptide is solubilized in 20% aeetonitrile/20%Acetic acid/60%water and purified by RP- HPLC on a Luna 5 /.mi Phenyl-Hexyl preparative column (21 x 250 mm, Phenomenex) with linear gradients of 100% acetonitrile and 0.1% TF A/ water buffer system (30-50% acetonitrile in 60 min). The purity of peptide is assessed using analytical RP-HPLC and pooling criteria is >95%. The main pool purity of compound 1 is found to be 98.0%. Subsequent lyophilization of the final main product pool yielded the lyophilized peptide TFA salt.The molecular weight is determined by LC- MS (obsd: M+3 =1657.2; Calc M+3=1657.0). |
[ 29022-11-5 ]
[ 35661-39-3 ]

[ 13726-84-6 ]
[ 71989-14-5 ]
[ 71989-38-3 ]
[ 71989-28-1 ]
[ 76-05-1 ]
[ 143824-78-6 ]
| Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
|---|---|---|
| 38% | General procedure: Peptides were synthesized by solid-phase peptide synthesis using the Fmoc/iBu-orthogonal strategy on a 2-chlorotritly chloride resin (100-200 mesh, 1% DVB, 1.6 mmol-g 1) or a Fmoc- Rink-Amid-2CT resin (200-400 mesh, 1 % DVB, 0.68 mmol-g 1). A peptide synthesis vessel was charged with 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin and DCM (30 ml. g 1 resin). The suspension was shaken with the aid of a Heidolph Vibramax 100 for 30 min at 23 C. The liquid was removed via vacuum filtration, and a solution of Fmoc-protected amino acid (4.00 equiv) and DIPEA (10.0 equiv) in DCM (30 ml. g 1 resin) was added into the peptide synthesis vessel. The resulting suspension was shaken for 15 hours at 23 C, and then the liquid was removed via vacuum filtration. The resin was washed with DCM (3 * 20 ml. g 1 resin * 2 min), and a solution of DIPEA, MeOH, and DCM (1 :2:17, v:v:v, 30 ml. g 1 resin) was added into the peptide synthesis vessel. The suspension was shaken for 1 hour at 23 C, and then the resin was washed sequentially with DMF (2 * 20 ml. g 1 resin), DCM (2 * 20 ml. g 1 resin), MeOH (2 * 20 ml. g 1 resin), and Et20 (2 * 20 ml. g 1 resin). The resin was dried under vacuum, and the loading efficiency was determined by UV-vis spectroscopy at 289.8 nm.9 General washing procedure: Into the peptide synthesis vessel containing resin was added the stated washing-solvent (20 ml. g 1 resin). The suspension was shaken for 2 minutes at 23 C, and then the liquid was removed via vacuum filtration. Into the peptide synthesis vessel containing resin-bound Fmoc-protected peptide was added 20% piperidine in DMF (v:v, 20 ml. g 1 resin), and the suspension was shaken for 5 minutes at 23 C. Then the liquid was removed via vacuum filtration. This deprotection sequence was repeated once, and then the resin was washed with DMF (3 x 20 ml. g 1 resin* 2 min). A round-bottom flask equipped with a Teflon-coated magnetic stirring bar was charged with Fmoc-protected amino acid (Fmoc-(AA)-OH, 4.00 equiv), HBTU (3.90 equiv), HOBt hydrate (3.90 equiv), DIPEA (8.00 equiv), and DMF (10 mL g 1 resin). The solution was stirred for 15 minutes at 23 C and was then added into the peptide synthesis vessel. The vessel was shaken for 90 minutes at 23 C, and then the liquid was removed via vacuum filtration. The resin was washed with DMF (3 x 10 ml_-g 1 resin x 2 min). A round-bottom flask equipped with a Teflon-coated magnetic stirring bar was charged with [Fmoc-Tyr(RuCp)-OH]-CF3C02 (S3) (2.00 equiv), HBTU (1.90 equiv), HOBt hydrate (1.90 equiv), DIPEA (16.0 equiv), and DMF (10 ml_-g 1 resin). The solution was stirred for 1 minute at 23 C and was then added into the peptide synthesis vessel. The vessel was shaken for 2 h at 23 C, and then the liquid was removed via vacuum filtration. The resin was washed with DMF (3 x 10 ml. g 1 resin x 2 min). The resin was washed with DCM (3 x 20 mL g 1 resin x 2 min). Then a solution of 20% of hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) in DCM (v:v) (50 mL g 1 resin) was added to the resin, and the suspension was shaken for 20 minutes at 23 C. The liquid was collected via vacuum filtration, and a solution of 20% of HFIP in DCM (v:v, 50 mL g 1 resin) was added to the resin, and the suspension was shaken for 50 minutes at 23 C. The liquid was collected via vacuum filtration, and the combined organic layers were concentrated in vacuo to dryness and were analyzed via LC-MS. |
[ 683239-16-9 ]
[ 1172127-44-4 ]
[ 29022-11-5 ]
[ 35661-60-0 ]
[ 35661-39-3 ]

[ 84793-07-7 ]
[ 71989-31-6 ]
[ 35661-40-6 ]
[ 71989-33-8 ]
[ 71989-14-5 ]
[ 71989-18-9 ]
[ 71989-23-6 ]
[ 71989-38-3 ]
[ 71989-35-0 ]
[ 47375-34-8 ]
[ 71989-20-3 ]
[ 94744-50-0 ]
[ 104091-08-9 ]
[ 76-05-1 ]

[ 166108-71-0 ]
| Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
|---|---|---|
| The peptide backbone of Example 1 is synthesized using Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc)/tert-Butyl (t-Bu) chemistry on a Symphony X peptide synthesizer (Gyros Protein Technologies. Tucson, Ariz.). The resin consists of 1% DVB cross-linked polystyrene (Fmoc-Rink-MBHA Low Loading resin, 100-200 mesh, EMD Millipore) at a substitution of 0.3-0.4 meq/g. Standard side-chain protecting groups were used. Fmoc-Lys(Mtt)-OH is used for the lysine at position 17 and Boc-Tyr(tBu)-OH) was used for the tyrosine at position 1. Fmoc groups are removed prior to each coupling step (2×7 minutes) using 20% piperidine in DMF. All standard amino acid couplings are performed for 1 hour to a primary amine and 3 hour to a secondary amine, using an equal molar ratio of Fmoc amino acid (0.3 mM), diisopropylcarbodiimide (0.9 mM) and Oxyma (0.9 mM), at a 9-fold molar excess over the theoretical peptide loading. Exceptions are couplings to Calpha-methylated amino acids, which are coupled for 3 hours. After completion of the synthesis of the peptide backbone, the resin is thoroughly washed with DCM for 6 times to remove residual DMF. The Mtt protecting group on the lysine at position 17 is selectively removed from the peptide resin using two treatments of 300 hexafluoroisopropanol (Oakwood Chemicals) in DCM (2×40-minute treatment). Subsequent attachment of the fatty acid-linker moiety is accomplished by coupling of 2-[2-(2-Fmoc-amino-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-acetic acid (Fmoc-AEEA-OH, ChemPep, Inc.), Fmoc-glutamic acid alpha-t-butyl ester (Fmoc-Glu-OtBu, Ark Pharm, Inc.), mono-OtBu-eicosanedioic acid (WuXi AppTec, Shanghai, China). 3-Fold excess of reagents (AA:PyAOP:DIPEA=1:1:1 mol/mol) are used for each coupling that is 1-hour long. After the synthesis is complete, the peptide resin is washed with DCM, and then thoroughly air-dried. The dry resin is treated with 10 mL of cleavage cocktail (trifluoroacetic acid:water:triisopropylsilane, 95:2.5:2.5 v/v) for 2 hours at room temperature. The resin is filtered off, washed twice each with 2 mL of neat TFA, and the combined filtrates are treated with 5-fold excess volume of cold diethyl ether (-20 C.) to precipitate the crude peptide. The peptide/ether suspension is then centrifuged at 3500 rpm for 2 min to form a solid pellet, the supernatant is decanted, and the solid pellet is triturated with ether two additional times and dried in vacuo. The crude peptide is solubilized in 20% acetonitrile/20% Acetic acid/60% water and purified by RP-HPLC on a Luna 5 mum Phenyl-Hexyl preparative column (21*250 mm, Phenomenex) with linear gradients of 100% acetonitrile and 0.1% TFA/water buffer system (30-50% acetonitrile in 60 min). The purity of peptide is assessed using analytical RP-HPLC and pooling criteria is >95%. The main pool purity of compound 1 is found to be 98.0%. Subsequent lyophilization of the final main product pool yielded the lyophilized peptide TFA salt. The molecular weight is determined by LC-MS (obsd. M+3=1657.2; Calc M+3=1657.0). |