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The BI-3802 was designed by Boehringer Ingelheim and could be obtained free of charge through the Boehringer Ingelheim open innovation portal opnMe.com, associated with its negative control.
Biotin, also known as vitamin B7, is necessary for cell growth and production of fatty acids. It can be used to elute proteins from avidin-streptavidin resins.
Synonyms: D-Biotin; Vitamin B7; D-Biotin,Vitamin B7
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Identification of a Noxo1 inhibitor by addition of a polyethylene glycol chain
Mokhtarpour, Nazanin ; Sterling, Alyssa ; Garcia, Joshua J. ; Gutierrez-Rivera, Laura ; Senevirathne, Prasadini ; Luisa Kadekaro, Ana , et al.
Abstract: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a heterogeneous group of highly reactive ions and mols. derived from mol. oxygen (O2) which can cause DNA damage and lead to skin cancer. NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) is a major producer of ROS in the skin upon exposure to UV light. Functionally, Nox1 forms a holoenzyme complex that generates two superoxide mols. and reduces NADPH. The signaling activation occurs when the organizer subunit Noxo1 translocates to the plasma membrane bringing a cytochrome P 450, through interaction with Cyba. We propose to design inhibitors that prevent Cyba-Noxo1 binding as a topical application to reduce UV-generated ROS in human skin cells. Design started from an apocynin backbone structure to generate a small mol. to serve as an anchor point. The initial compound was then modified by addition of a polyethylene glycol linked biotin. Both inhibitors were found to be non-toxic in human keratinocyte cells. Further in vitro experiments using isothermal calorimetric binding quantification showed the modified biotinylated compound bound Noxo1 peptide with a KD of 2 nM. Both using isothermal calorimetric binding and MALDI (TOF) MS showed that binding of a Cyba peptide to Noxo1 was blocked. In vivo experiments were performed using donated skin explants with topical application of the two inhibitors. Experiments show that UV light exposure of with the lead compound was able to reduce the amount of cyclobutene pyrimidine dimers in DNA, a mol. known to lead to carcinogenesis. Further synthesis showed that the polyethylene glycol but not the biotin was essential for inhibition.
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Keywords: Reactive oxygen species ; Apocynin ; UV ; Noxo1 ; Cyba ; Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer ; CPD ; UV protection
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Purchased from AmBeed: 615-43-0 ; 58-85-5 ; 351422-73-6 ; 158407-04-6 ; 103-67-3 ; 103-67-3
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CAS No. : | 58-85-5 |
Formula : | C10H16N2O3S |
M.W : | 244.31 |
SMILES Code : | O=C(O)CCCC[C@@H]1SC[C@]([C@]1([H])N2)([H])NC2=O |
Synonyms : |
D-Biotin; Vitamin B7; D-Biotin,Vitamin B7
|
MDL No. : | MFCD00005541 |
InChI Key : | YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N |
Pubchem ID : | 171548 |
GHS Pictogram: |
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Signal Word: | Warning |
Hazard Statements: | H315-H319-H335 |
Precautionary Statements: | P261-P305+P351+P338 |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
96% | With triethylamine; In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 0 - 70℃; for 1h; | D-Biotin (1.00 g, 4.09 mmol) was dissolved in 20 mL DMF at 70 C and allowed to cool to rt. TEA (0.83g, 1.14 mL, 8.19 mmol) was added, followed by pentafluorophenyl trifluoroacetate (1.60 g, 0.98 mL, 5.73 mmol). The reaction was allowed to stir for 1 h at 0 C and became pink. Solvent was reduced to 1 mL in vacuo and the crude material was triturated with cold diethyl ether. The pFp ester product was recovered as a white solid (1.54 g, 96%). Biotin-pFp ester (1.00 g, 2.44 mmol) was dissolved in 10 mL DMF and cooled to 0 C. A flask containing a suspension of NaBH4 (3.4 mmol) in dry DMF (5 mL) was also cooled to 0 C. The pFp-ester was transferred dropwise via a cannula over 15 min and the mixture was stirred at 0 C. The reaction was followed by TLC and upon completion the cold mixture was acidified with 1 N HC1 and reduced to 1 mL in vacuo. The residue was triturated with cold diethyl ether and the product alcohol was recovered as a white solid (0.528 g, 94%). The alcohol (0.528 g, 2.29 mmol) and TEA (0.39 ml, 1.2 eq) were dissolved in DMF (10 mL) and added dropwise to a stirred solution of 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate (4-NCF, 1.38 g, 6.87 mmol, 3.0 eq) in DMF (10 mL) over a period of 1 h at -10C. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to rt, stirred overnight, and subsequently and reduced to 1 mL in vacuo. The residue was triturated with cold diethyl ether. The nitrophenol carbonate product was recovered as a white solid (0.96 g, 95%). Fmoc-L-Lys-OH (1.03 g, 2.83 mmol, 1.3 eq.) was suspended under argon in anhydrous DMF (10 ml) containing DiPEA (0.50 ml, 1.3 eq.). To this white suspension, a clear solution of the nitrophenol-carbonate (2.18 mmol, 1.0 eq.) in anhydrous DMF (10 mL) was added drop wise under argon at rt over a period of 2 h. The reaction mixture was stirred for additional 4 h at rt, before the solution as acidified to pH 2 with 1 N HC1. All volatiles were evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was triturated with cold diethyl ether. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (DCM : MeOH 95 : 5 v/v) to give the Fmoc-protected ncAA as a white solid. The Fmoc- protected ncAA was dissolved in 20% piperidine in DMF (5 ml) and stirred for 1 h at r.t.. All volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was triturated with cold diethyl ether. Drying of the residue in vaccuum yield the pure ncAA as a white powder (0.622 g, 71 %). 1H-NMR (D6-DMSO, 400 MHz): delta = 1.30-1.45 (m, 6H), 1.50-1.65 (m, 4H), 1.85 (m, 2H), 2.65 (d, J = 12.2 Hz, 1H), 2.84 (dd, J= 5.0 Hz, J= 12.2 Hz, 1H), 2.95 (m, 2H), 3.13 (m, 1H), 3.42 (m, 1H), 3.66 (m, 1H), 3.85 (dd, J= 13.8 Hz, J = 1.0 Hz 1H), 3.93 (t, J= 7.5 Hz, 2H), 4.17 (dd, J= 8.2 Hz, J= 7.3 Hz, 1H), 4.35 (dd, J= 8.1 Hz, J= 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (t, J= 5.4 Hz, 1H), 8.50 (br, 3H), 8.53 (br, 1H), 8.68 (br, 1H).13C-NMR (D6-DMSO, 100 MHz): 13C-NMR (CDCI3, 100 MHz): delta = 171.44, 163.29, 156.82, 64.00, 61.61, 60.35, 59.79, 55.95, 52.28, 39.10, 30.05, 29.35, 29.02, 28.78, 28,73, 25.91, 22.05. HR-MS (C17H31N4O5S): calculated: 403.20097, found: 403.20159. |
81% | Biotin (5 g; 23.1 mmol; 1.0 eq) is suspended in anhydrous DMF (50 ml) and pyridine (2.07 ml; 25.4 mmol; 1.1 eq). After stirring for 5 minutes, pentafluorophenyl trifluoroacetate (PFP-TFA: 4.621 ml, i.e. 7.50 g; 25.4 mmol; 1.1 eq) is added. After stirring for one night, the reaction is finished, and the solvents are evaporated on the rotary evaporator. The evaporation residue is taken up in 100 ml of ethyl ether to suspend it, then filtered off on a fritted filter, and the cake is rinsed with a minimum of ether. Note: in the TLC a small trace of biotin is observed, but that will have no impact on what follows. m=7.106 g. Yield: 81%. TLC eluent: DCM/MeOH: 90/10. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
90% | With 1-ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride; In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 0 - 20℃;Inert atmosphere; | Biotin (2.95 g, 12.00 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (10 mL), and Pfp-OH (2.80 g, 15.20 mmol) was added to the biotin solution before EDC.HCl (5.70 g, 29.70 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) were added to the mixture at 0 C over 30 min. The mixture stirred overnight at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere. The product washed with DCM. White powder was obtained with a yield of 90% (4.50 g). The product was used in the next step without further purification. 1H NMR (D2O): d 1.41-1.69 (m, 6H, CH2), 2.57 (d, 1H,CH2), 2.77-2.85 (m, 3H, CH2), 3.11-3.12 (m, 1H, CH), 4.14 (t, 1H, CH), 4.30 (t, 1H, CH), 6.37 (d, 2H, NH). |
With dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide; In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 20℃; | EXAMPLE lO[D-(+)-biotinyl]-L-aspartate alpha-benzyl ester (14)To a suspension of D-Biotin (2.0 g, 8.19 mmol) in DMF (52 mL) was added pentafluorophenol (1.6 g, 15.6 mmol) followed by DCC (2.5 g, 12.3 mmol). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir, under nitrogen atmosphere, overnight at RT. The reaction mixture remained a suspension and was filtered off and concentrated. The residue was taken up into Et2theta and stirred for several minutes after which the suspension was filtered an dried und vacuum to give a white solid (2.58 g) ESI-MS: 411 [M+H]+. The solid was dissolved in DMF (90 mL) and Et3N (1.24 mL, 8.82 mmol, 1.4 equiv.) was added. H-Asp-OBn was added in portions as a solid. After approximately 15 min the reaction mixture became clear and an additional 2h stirring was allowed. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and water was added followed by MeOH (3:1). The solid formed was filtered off, washed with Et2theta and dried under vacuum to give compound 14 as a white solid (2.92 g, 77 %) ESI-MS: 450 [M+H]+. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
With dmap; 1-ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride; In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 20℃; for 24h; | EDC (58 mg, 0.3mmol) and DMAP (2 mg) were added to a mixture of <strong>[38183-03-8]7,8-dihydroxyflavone</strong>(61 mg, 0.24 mmol) and biotin (50 mg, 0.2 mmol)in N,N-dimethylformamide (2 ml). The reaction mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 24 h. The crude product wasdirectly purified by flash chromatography on silica eluted withEtOAc/MeOH (10:1) to afford 7-biotinyl-8-hydroxyflavone as awhite solid (15 mg, 16%) |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
General procedure: 4.1.1. Peptide synthesis; 4.1.2; Solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) was performed with standardFmoc chemistry on rink amide resin using an automated peptidesynthesizer (Syro I, Multisyntech). The resin was loaded into a5 mL reactor with a frit at the bottom. Swelling was performed bydispensing 1 mL DMF and incubating for 15 min (2) with 10 sshaking every minute. Fmoc deprotection was achieved by treatmentwith 40percent piperidine DMF for 3 min and 20percent piperidine inDMF for 12 min (10 s/min shaking). Peptide couplings were carriedout by double couplings with Fmoc-protected amino acids(5 equiv), HBTU (5 equiv), HOBt (5 equiv) and DIPEA (10 equiv) inDMF for 40 min (10 s/min shaking). At the respective position,Fmoc-F2Pmp-OH (3 equiv) was coupled in DMF (1 mL) by manualaddition using TBTU (3 equiv), HOBt (3 equiv) and DIPEA (6 equiv)for 3 h, after 3 min preactivation. In case of the sequences for which side-chain labeling with biotinor carboxyfluorescein was planned, an additional 4-methyltrityl-(Mtt-) protected lysine was coupled to the N-terminus. Toselectively remove the Mtt group the resin was washed for 1 minwith DCM (3), deprotection was then achieved by treatment with1.8percent TFA in DCM for 3 min (10). During the deprotection the DCMsolution turned yellow.For fluorescein-labeling of the amine side-chain 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein(3 equiv), HATU (3 equiv), HOAt (3 equiv) andDIPEA (6 equiv) were dissolved in DMF and pre-activated for3 min. The solution was aspirated and coupling was allowed toproceed for 1 h. This step was repeated 4 times.For biotin-labeling of the amine side-chain the resin waswashed for 1 min in NMP (3). D-(+)-Biotin (3 equiv), HATU(3 equiv), HOAt (3 equiv) and DIPEA (6 equiv) were dissolved inNMP and pre-activated for 3 min. The solution was aspirated andcoupling was allowed to proceed for 2 h. This step was repeated2 times. N-terminal acetylation (where applicable) was achieved by dispensing800 lL of a mixture of acetic anhydride/pyridine (1:9) andreaction twice for 5 min (10 s/min shaking). After each deprotection,coupling or acetylation step, 5 washings (1 min each) withDMF were performed (10 s/min shaking).After synthesis the resin was transferred in a 5 mL syringeequipped with a frit, washed with DCM for 1 min (3) and driedin high vacuum for at least 30 min. For cleavage 1 mL of a mixtureof TFA and TIS (20:1) was added. The syringe with the mixture waskept on a shaker for 3 h. Then the liquid phase was filtered into20 mL of ice-cold Et2O. Formed precipitate was centrifuged,washed with ice-cold Et2O (2 20 mL) and purified by HPLC. 4.1.2. Azide functionalization of the N-terminus; To the peptides with the longer carbon linker, 6-azidohexanoicacid was coupled (with standard coupling conditions) to the Nterminalamine.The N-terminal amine of the peptides with the shorter linkerwas converted to an azide functionality directly on solid support.Using the compound imidazole-1-sulfonyl-azide*HCl (synthesissee beneath) and modified conditions, which were reported forsolution phase chemistry from Goddard?Borger and Stick:8 Theresin was washed for 1 min each with DCM (2), DCM/MeOH(2) and MeOH (3). Then (for 40 mg resin, loading= 0.62 mmole/g) 1.4 equiv of imidazole-1-sulfonyl-azide*HClin 1 mL MeOH and 100 ll of a saturated and centrifuged solutionof CuSO4*5H2O was added. After 1 min, DIPEA (1.8 equiv) wasadded and the coupling was allowed to proceed for 1 h andrepeated once more with an intermediate washing with MeOH(3 1 min). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
General procedure: 4.1.1. Peptide synthesis; 4.1.2; Solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) was performed with standardFmoc chemistry on rink amide resin using an automated peptidesynthesizer (Syro I, Multisyntech). The resin was loaded into a5 mL reactor with a frit at the bottom. Swelling was performed bydispensing 1 mL DMF and incubating for 15 min (2) with 10 sshaking every minute. Fmoc deprotection was achieved by treatmentwith 40percent piperidine DMF for 3 min and 20percent piperidine inDMF for 12 min (10 s/min shaking). Peptide couplings were carriedout by double couplings with Fmoc-protected amino acids(5 equiv), HBTU (5 equiv), HOBt (5 equiv) and DIPEA (10 equiv) inDMF for 40 min (10 s/min shaking). At the respective position,Fmoc-F2Pmp-OH (3 equiv) was coupled in DMF (1 mL) by manualaddition using TBTU (3 equiv), HOBt (3 equiv) and DIPEA (6 equiv)for 3 h, after 3 min preactivation. In case of the sequences for which side-chain labeling with biotinor carboxyfluorescein was planned, an additional 4-methyltrityl-(Mtt-) protected lysine was coupled to the N-terminus. Toselectively remove the Mtt group the resin was washed for 1 minwith DCM (3), deprotection was then achieved by treatment with1.8percent TFA in DCM for 3 min (10). During the deprotection the DCMsolution turned yellow.For fluorescein-labeling of the amine side-chain 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein(3 equiv), HATU (3 equiv), HOAt (3 equiv) andDIPEA (6 equiv) were dissolved in DMF and pre-activated for3 min. The solution was aspirated and coupling was allowed toproceed for 1 h. This step was repeated 4 times.For biotin-labeling of the amine side-chain the resin waswashed for 1 min in NMP (3). D-(+)-Biotin (3 equiv), HATU(3 equiv), HOAt (3 equiv) and DIPEA (6 equiv) were dissolved inNMP and pre-activated for 3 min. The solution was aspirated andcoupling was allowed to proceed for 2 h. This step was repeated2 times. N-terminal acetylation (where applicable) was achieved by dispensing800 lL of a mixture of acetic anhydride/pyridine (1:9) andreaction twice for 5 min (10 s/min shaking). After each deprotection,coupling or acetylation step, 5 washings (1 min each) withDMF were performed (10 s/min shaking).After synthesis the resin was transferred in a 5 mL syringeequipped with a frit, washed with DCM for 1 min (3) and driedin high vacuum for at least 30 min. For cleavage 1 mL of a mixtureof TFA and TIS (20:1) was added. The syringe with the mixture waskept on a shaker for 3 h. Then the liquid phase was filtered into20 mL of ice-cold Et2O. Formed precipitate was centrifuged,washed with ice-cold Et2O (2 20 mL) and purified by HPLC. 4.1.2. Azide functionalization of the N-terminus; To the peptides with the longer carbon linker, 6-azidohexanoicacid was coupled (with standard coupling conditions) to the Nterminalamine.The N-terminal amine of the peptides with the shorter linkerwas converted to an azide functionality directly on solid support.Using the compound imidazole-1-sulfonyl-azide*HCl (synthesissee beneath) and modified conditions, which were reported forsolution phase chemistry from Goddard?Borger and Stick:8 Theresin was washed for 1 min each with DCM (2), DCM/MeOH(2) and MeOH (3). Then (for 40 mg resin, loading= 0.62 mmole/g) 1.4 equiv of imidazole-1-sulfonyl-azide*HClin 1 mL MeOH and 100 ll of a saturated and centrifuged solutionof CuSO4*5H2O was added. After 1 min, DIPEA (1.8 equiv) wasadded and the coupling was allowed to proceed for 1 h andrepeated once more with an intermediate washing with MeOH(3 1 min). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
General procedure: 4.1.1. Peptide synthesis; 4.1.2; Solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) was performed with standardFmoc chemistry on rink amide resin using an automated peptidesynthesizer (Syro I, Multisyntech). The resin was loaded into a5 mL reactor with a frit at the bottom. Swelling was performed bydispensing 1 mL DMF and incubating for 15 min (2) with 10 sshaking every minute. Fmoc deprotection was achieved by treatmentwith 40percent piperidine DMF for 3 min and 20percent piperidine inDMF for 12 min (10 s/min shaking). Peptide couplings were carriedout by double couplings with Fmoc-protected amino acids(5 equiv), HBTU (5 equiv), HOBt (5 equiv) and DIPEA (10 equiv) inDMF for 40 min (10 s/min shaking). At the respective position,Fmoc-F2Pmp-OH (3 equiv) was coupled in DMF (1 mL) by manualaddition using TBTU (3 equiv), HOBt (3 equiv) and DIPEA (6 equiv)for 3 h, after 3 min preactivation. In case of the sequences for which side-chain labeling with biotinor carboxyfluorescein was planned, an additional 4-methyltrityl-(Mtt-) protected lysine was coupled to the N-terminus. Toselectively remove the Mtt group the resin was washed for 1 minwith DCM (3), deprotection was then achieved by treatment with1.8percent TFA in DCM for 3 min (10). During the deprotection the DCMsolution turned yellow.For fluorescein-labeling of the amine side-chain 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein(3 equiv), HATU (3 equiv), HOAt (3 equiv) andDIPEA (6 equiv) were dissolved in DMF and pre-activated for3 min. The solution was aspirated and coupling was allowed toproceed for 1 h. This step was repeated 4 times.For biotin-labeling of the amine side-chain the resin waswashed for 1 min in NMP (3). D-(+)-Biotin (3 equiv), HATU(3 equiv), HOAt (3 equiv) and DIPEA (6 equiv) were dissolved inNMP and pre-activated for 3 min. The solution was aspirated andcoupling was allowed to proceed for 2 h. This step was repeated2 times. N-terminal acetylation (where applicable) was achieved by dispensing800 lL of a mixture of acetic anhydride/pyridine (1:9) andreaction twice for 5 min (10 s/min shaking). After each deprotection,coupling or acetylation step, 5 washings (1 min each) withDMF were performed (10 s/min shaking).After synthesis the resin was transferred in a 5 mL syringeequipped with a frit, washed with DCM for 1 min (3) and driedin high vacuum for at least 30 min. For cleavage 1 mL of a mixtureof TFA and TIS (20:1) was added. The syringe with the mixture waskept on a shaker for 3 h. Then the liquid phase was filtered into20 mL of ice-cold Et2O. Formed precipitate was centrifuged,washed with ice-cold Et2O (2 20 mL) and purified by HPLC. 4.1.2. Azide functionalization of the N-terminus; To the peptides with the longer carbon linker, 6-azidohexanoicacid was coupled (with standard coupling conditions) to the Nterminalamine.The N-terminal amine of the peptides with the shorter linkerwas converted to an azide functionality directly on solid support.Using the compound imidazole-1-sulfonyl-azide*HCl (synthesissee beneath) and modified conditions, which were reported forsolution phase chemistry from Goddard?Borger and Stick:8 Theresin was washed for 1 min each with DCM (2), DCM/MeOH(2) and MeOH (3). Then (for 40 mg resin, loading= 0.62 mmole/g) 1.4 equiv of imidazole-1-sulfonyl-azide*HClin 1 mL MeOH and 100 ll of a saturated and centrifuged solutionof CuSO4*5H2O was added. After 1 min, DIPEA (1.8 equiv) wasadded and the coupling was allowed to proceed for 1 h andrepeated once more with an intermediate washing with MeOH(3 1 min). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
General procedure: 4.1.1. Peptide synthesis; 4.1.2; Solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) was performed with standardFmoc chemistry on rink amide resin using an automated peptidesynthesizer (Syro I, Multisyntech). The resin was loaded into a5 mL reactor with a frit at the bottom. Swelling was performed bydispensing 1 mL DMF and incubating for 15 min (2) with 10 sshaking every minute. Fmoc deprotection was achieved by treatmentwith 40percent piperidine DMF for 3 min and 20percent piperidine inDMF for 12 min (10 s/min shaking). Peptide couplings were carriedout by double couplings with Fmoc-protected amino acids(5 equiv), HBTU (5 equiv), HOBt (5 equiv) and DIPEA (10 equiv) inDMF for 40 min (10 s/min shaking). At the respective position,Fmoc-F2Pmp-OH (3 equiv) was coupled in DMF (1 mL) by manualaddition using TBTU (3 equiv), HOBt (3 equiv) and DIPEA (6 equiv)for 3 h, after 3 min preactivation. In case of the sequences for which side-chain labeling with biotinor carboxyfluorescein was planned, an additional 4-methyltrityl-(Mtt-) protected lysine was coupled to the N-terminus. Toselectively remove the Mtt group the resin was washed for 1 minwith DCM (3), deprotection was then achieved by treatment with1.8percent TFA in DCM for 3 min (10). During the deprotection the DCMsolution turned yellow.For fluorescein-labeling of the amine side-chain 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein(3 equiv), HATU (3 equiv), HOAt (3 equiv) andDIPEA (6 equiv) were dissolved in DMF and pre-activated for3 min. The solution was aspirated and coupling was allowed toproceed for 1 h. This step was repeated 4 times.For biotin-labeling of the amine side-chain the resin waswashed for 1 min in NMP (3). D-(+)-Biotin (3 equiv), HATU(3 equiv), HOAt (3 equiv) and DIPEA (6 equiv) were dissolved inNMP and pre-activated for 3 min. The solution was aspirated andcoupling was allowed to proceed for 2 h. This step was repeated2 times. N-terminal acetylation (where applicable) was achieved by dispensing800 lL of a mixture of acetic anhydride/pyridine (1:9) andreaction twice for 5 min (10 s/min shaking). After each deprotection,coupling or acetylation step, 5 washings (1 min each) withDMF were performed (10 s/min shaking).After synthesis the resin was transferred in a 5 mL syringeequipped with a frit, washed with DCM for 1 min (3) and driedin high vacuum for at least 30 min. For cleavage 1 mL of a mixtureof TFA and TIS (20:1) was added. The syringe with the mixture waskept on a shaker for 3 h. Then the liquid phase was filtered into20 mL of ice-cold Et2O. Formed precipitate was centrifuged,washed with ice-cold Et2O (2 20 mL) and purified by HPLC. 4.1.2. Azide functionalization of the N-terminus; To the peptides with the longer carbon linker, 6-azidohexanoicacid was coupled (with standard coupling conditions) to the Nterminalamine.The N-terminal amine of the peptides with the shorter linkerwas converted to an azide functionality directly on solid support.Using the compound imidazole-1-sulfonyl-azide*HCl (synthesissee beneath) and modified conditions, which were reported forsolution phase chemistry from Goddard?Borger and Stick:8 Theresin was washed for 1 min each with DCM (2), DCM/MeOH(2) and MeOH (3). Then (for 40 mg resin, loading= 0.62 mmole/g) 1.4 equiv of imidazole-1-sulfonyl-azide*HClin 1 mL MeOH and 100 ll of a saturated and centrifuged solutionof CuSO4*5H2O was added. After 1 min, DIPEA (1.8 equiv) wasadded and the coupling was allowed to proceed for 1 h andrepeated once more with an intermediate washing with MeOH(3 1 min). |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
29% | (0234) To enable investigation of introducing non-proteinogenic amino acids (listed in Figure 1) on A20FMDV2 binding activity, biotinylated peptides 1-15 (see Table 1), except for peptide 6, were synthesised by standard Fmoc SPPS on the acid liable (0235) hydroxymethylphenoxypropionic acid linker (HMPP) which delivers a C- terminal carboxylic acid using to the conditions depicted in Scheme 1. The desired peptide sequences were assembled using 20percent (0236) piperidine/DMF to remove the Fmoc protecting group and 0- (0237) (benzotriazol-l-yl) -N, N, N ' , N '-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HBTU) / DIPEA as coupling reagents. (0238) Since specific binding to the nubetabeta integrin was to be studied by flow cytometry, the native alanine at the second residue in A20FMDV2 (1) and all analogues thereof, were substituted with a biotinylated lysine residue. This substitution has previously been shown to be well tolerated [24,25] . We chose to install the D-biotin moiety by selective deprotection of a 1- ( 4 , 4-dimethyl-2 , 6-dioxocyclohex-l- ylidene ) ethyl (Dde) [19] group on the side chain group followed by condensation with D-biotin using HBTU/DIPEA. (0239) Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) /H2O/3, 6-dioxa-l , 8-octanedithiol (0240) (DODT) /triisopropylsilane (TIPS) (94:2.5:2.5:1.0, v/v/v/v) effected cleavage of the synthesised peptides from the corresponding (0241) peptidyl-resins . Peptides 1-15 were obtained in good yields ranging from 2percent-50percent and purity exceeding 99percent (see peptide characterization data) . (0242) For the synthesis of peptide 6 containing an i\7-L-methyllysine modification we employed an on-resin i\7-methylation protocol [22] which furnished peptide 6 in good yield (30percent) following TFA-mediated peptide cleavage and RP-HPLC purification. (0243) The lead peptide, A20FMDV2, which contains all naturally-occurring amino acids would be susceptible to degradation by exopeptidases which act on the amino- and carboxy terminuses. To mitigate this, six N- and/or C-terminus-modified and biotinylated A20FDMV2 mimics were prepared wherein we systematically modified the amino and carboxy ends (peptides 16-18) and the N-terminal and C-terminal amino acids (Asnl and Thr20, respectively, peptides 19-21) . N- terminal/C-terminal modified peptides 16-18 were obtained by capping of the N-terminus with acetic anhydride (16) or by employing the Rink amide linker to afford the C-terminal carboxamide (17) or a combination of both (peptide 18) . (0244) Peptide 19, bearing the unnatural D-Asnl in place of the native Asnl at the N-terminus of biotinylated A20FMDV2 (1) was obtained using the synthetic route outlined in Scheme 1 except that the Fmoc-D- Asn(Trt)-OH building block was incorporated into the synthesis as the N-terminal residue. For the preparation of peptides 20 and 21, which contains the unnatural D-Thr at the C-terminus, HMP-anchored resin 27 (see Scheme 1, HMP = hydroxymethylphenoxyacetic acid) was first esterified with Fmoc-D-Thr (tBu) -OH using DIC/DMAP and the sequence then elongated by Fmoc SPPS . (0245) Table 1. List of prepared synthetic peptides [N-term] - XiK (Biotin) VPNLRGDLQVX2AQX3VARX4- [C-term] containing substitutions for the native Lysl6 (peptides 2-6) or Leul3 (peptides 7-15), C- terminal/N-terminal variants (peptides 16-21) and DTPA-modified peptides (22-26) . NB: nomenclature, particularly X position (0246) numbering used in this table is not the same as that used in the claims . (0247) Compound N- Xl X2 X3 X4 C- term. term. (0248) 1 NH2 Asn Leu Lys Thr C02H (0249) 2 NH2 Asn Leu D-Lys Thr C02H (0250) 3 NH2 Asn Leu L-Orn Thr C02H (0251) 1-2,4- (0252) 4 NH2 Asn Leu diaminobutyric Thr C02H acid (0253) 1-2,3- (0254) 5 NH2 Asn Leu diaminopropionic Thr C02H acid (0255) 6 NH2 Asn Leu ZV-L-meth llysine Thr C02H (0256) 7 NH2 Asn aminoisobutyric Lys Thr C02H acid (0257) 8 NH2 Asn L-norvaline Lys Thr C02H (0258) 9 NH2 Asn L-norleucine Lys Thr C02H (0259) 10 NH2 Asn L-allylglycine Lys Thr C02H (0260) L-tert- (0261) 11 NH2 Asn Lys Thr C02H butylalanine (0262) 12 NH2 Asn L-homoleucine Lys Thr C02H (0263) L-2-amino-3- (0264) 13 NH2 Asn ethylpentanoic Lys Thr C02H acid (0265) L- (0266) 14 NH2 Asn Lys Thr C02H cyclohexylalanine (0267) 15 L- (0268) NH2 Asn Lys Thr C02H adamantylglycine (0269) 16 Ac-NH Asn Leu Lys Thr C02H (0270) 17 NH2 Asn Leu Lys Thr CONH2 (0271) 18 Ac-NH Asn Leu Lys Thr CONH2 (0272) 19 D- (0273) NH2 Leu Lys Thr C02H (0274) Asn (0275) 20 D- (0276) NH2 Asn Leu Lys C02H (0277) Thr (0278) 21 D- D- (0279) NH2 Leu Lys C02H (0280) Asn Thr (0281) 22 DTPA- (0282) Asn Leu Lys Thr C02H NH (0283) 23 DTPA- (0284) Asn Leu Lys Thr C02H Gly-NH (0285) 24 DTPA- (0286) Asn Leu Lys Thr CONH2 NH (0287) 25 DTPA- D- (0288) Leu Lys Thr C02H NH Asn (0289) 26 DTPA- D- D- (0290) Leu Lys C02H NH Asn Thr (0291) 1 D -yrpercent \?Q ^ (0292) ? -^H Q ? (0293) (0294) Scheme 1. Synthetic protocol for the preparation of the biotinylated A20FMDV2 peptide variants. (0295) The results obtained from th... |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
57% | With dmap; diisopropyl-carbodiimide; In N,N-dimethyl-formamide; at 20℃; for 48h;Inert atmosphere; | General procedure: To a mixture of Biotin or 6-biotinylaminocaproic acid (0.3 mmol), <strong>[78287-27-1]camptothecin</strong> analogues (0.1 mmol) and DMF (2.5 mL) was added, 4-Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) (0.01 mmol) was added and N, N'-Diisopropylcarbodiimide) (DIC) (0.6 mmol) dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 days under N2. Solvent were removed under a reduced. The residue was purified on a silica gel chromatography (CHCl3:CH3OH = 15:1?9:1) to afford the product Biotin-(20s)-<strong>[78287-27-1]camptothecin</strong> (11). Yellow amorphous powder, yield 60percent; |
Tags: Biotin | D-Biotin | Imidazolidines | Additive and Auxiliary Reagent | Carboxylic Acids | Vitamin | Others | Structure | Steroids | Biological Buffers | Cell Culture | Fluorescence Labeling Reagents | Organic Building Blocks | Fluorescent Dyes | Small Molecule Positive Drugs | Other Inhibitors/Agonists | Heterocyclic Building Blocks | 58-85-5
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