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Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of meta benzene isosteres
Zhang, Mingkai ; Chapman, Matthew ; Sarode, Bhagyesh R , et al. Nature,2024,633,90-95. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07865- PubMed ID: 39169193
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Abstract: Although aromatic rings are common elements in pharmaceutically active compounds, the presence of these motifs brings several liabilities with respect to the developability of a drug1. Nonoptimal potency, metabolic stability, solubility and lipophilicity in pharmaceutical compounds can be improved by replacing aromatic rings with non-aromatic isosteric motifs2. Moreover, whereas aromatic rings are planar and lack three-dimensionality, the binding pockets of most pharmaceutical targets are chiral. Thus, the stereochemical confguration of the isosteric replacements may ofer an added opportunity to improve the afnity of derived ligands for target receptors. A notable impediment to this approach is the lack of simple and scalable catalytic enantioselective syntheses of candidate isosteres from readily available precursors. Here we present a previously unknown palladium-catalysed reaction that converts hydrocarbon-derived precursors to chiral boron-containing nortricyclanes and we show that the shape of these nortricyclanes makes them plausible isosteres for metadisubstituted aromatic rings. With chiral catalysts, the Pd-catalysed reaction can be accomplished in an enantioselective fashion and subsequent transformation of the boron group provides access to a broad array of structures. We also show that the incorporation of nortricyclanes into pharmaceutical motifs can result in improved biophysical properties along with stereochemistry-dependent activity. We anticipate that these features, coupled with the simple, inexpensive synthesis of the functionalized nortricyclane scafold, will render this platform a useful foundation for the assembly of new biologically active agents.
Purchased from AmBeed: 73183-34-3
CAS No. : | 73183-34-3 | MDL No. : | MFCD00799570 |
Formula : | C12H24B2O4 | Boiling Point : | - |
Linear Structure Formula : | (B((CH3)2C(O))2)2 | InChI Key : | IPWKHHSGDUIRAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
M.W : | 253.94 | Pubchem ID : | 2733548 |
Synonyms : |
Bis(pinacolato)diborane
|
Chemical Name : | 4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-Octamethyl-2,2'-bi(1,3,2-dioxaborolane) |
Signal Word: | Warning | Class: | N/A |
Precautionary Statements: | P261-P264-P271-P280-P302+P352-P305+P351+P338 | UN#: | N/A |
Hazard Statements: | H315-H319-H335 | Packing Group: | N/A |
GHS Pictogram: |
* All experimental methods are cited from the reference, please refer to the original source for details. We do not guarantee the accuracy of the content in the reference.
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
868 mg | With potassium acetate; palladium diacetate; XPhos In acetonitrile at 75℃; for 18 h; Inert atmosphere | General procedure: Step 2: tert-butyl (2-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)propan-2- yl)carbamate: The product from Step 1 above (6 g, 18.52 mmol, 97percent purity), bis- (pinacolato)diboron (5.82 g, 22.91 mmol), palladium(II) acetate (0.107 g, 0.477 mmol), potassium acetate (5.62 g, 57.3 mmol) and XPhos (0.457 g, 0.955 mmol) were combined in MeCN (50 ml). The vessel was purged with N2 then heated at 75 °C for 18 h. The reaction mixture was cooled, filtered through Celite®, washing with MeCN (2 x 50 ml), and concentrated in vacuo to afford a brown oil. The residue was partitioned between DCM (50 ml) and water (50 ml). The phases were separated and the organic phase was concentrated in vacuo to afford a brown soild. The crude product was purified by columnchromatography (220 g cartridge, 0-20percent EtOAc/isohexane) to afford the title compound (5.67 g, 15.1 mmol, 96percent purity) as an off-white solid. LCMS (Method 1): m/z 306 (M+H- C4H8)+ at 2.83 min. |
Yield | Reaction Conditions | Operation in experiment |
---|---|---|
68% | With copper(l) iodide; lithium methanolate; bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether In dimethyl sulfoxide at 50℃; for 16 h; | General procedure: Phenylpropiolic acid (439 mg, 3.0 mmol), B2pin2 (763 mg, 3.0 mmol), lithium methoxide (23 mg, 0.6 mmol), copper iodide (57 mg, 0.3 mmol), and Dpe-Phos (324 mg, 0.6 mmol) were added to a vial containing DMSO (5 mL). The suspension was stirred for 16 h at 50 °C. The reaction was monitored by TLC, and after the completion of the reaction, the reaction mass was cooled to 25–28 °C and quenched into a mixture of 50 mL of water and 50 mL of ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate layer was washed with water (2 × 25 mL), brine (2 × 25 mL), and then dried over Na2SO4. Evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure provided the crude product, which was purified by column chromatography (hexane:EtOAc = 9.5:0.5). |
57% | With copper(II) trifluoroacetate; sodium carbonate In 1,4-dioxane at 80℃; for 18 h; Inert atmosphere | General procedure: A Schlenk tube with a magnetic stirring bar was charged with 3-phenylpropiolic acid (1a, 68 mg, 0.5 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (2a, 152 mg, 0.6 mmol), Cu(TFA)2 (29 mg, 10 molpercent), Na2CO3 (127 mg, 1.2 mmol), and 1,4-dioxane (2 mL) under N2. The reaction mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 18 h (monitored by TLC and GC). Upon completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was then cooled to ambient temperature, diluted with ethyl acetate (20 mL), filtered through a plug of silica gel, and washed with ethyl acetate (20 mL). The organic layer was washed with saturated brine (20 mL×2) and dried over anhydrous Na2SO4. The solvents were removed via rotary evaporator and the residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, ethyl acetate: petroleum ether=1:30) to give 89.7 mg of desired product 3a in 78 percent yield as a colorless oil. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.48–7.50 (m, 2H), 7.41 (d, 1H, J=18.5Hz), 7.29–7.32 (m, 3H), 6.18 (d, 1H, J=18.4Hz), 1.32 (s, 12H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 148.5, 136.4, 127.9, 127.5, 126.0, 82.3, 23.8 |
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